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Studying change in the course of human history, in different places, through the lens of a diverse set of core themes, World History for International Studies offers readers a set of windows into different debates historians have been conducting. Key themes, such as communication, trade, order, slavery, religion, war, identity, modernity, norms and ecology, are linked to specific world regions, which tell a story about how local ideas and individual contacts developed, started to overlap and became globally understood and used by ever larger groups of people. These themes are brought to life by a diverse set of key primary sources, such as a book, a letter, a medal, a temple and an epic, to showcase how historians have used sources to tell these stories and conduct debates. The book provides an introductory resource into the study of history and includes detailed suggestions for further study.

International trade in services had grown significantly, what marks importance in the country's economy. Major features of services have much in common with other services, becoming increasingly internationalized services also account for a greater share of foreign direct investment than does manufacturing in the most developed economies of the world. Because services are such a large and important component of the Lithuanian economy, understanding the implications of increased trade in services is crucial to the trade liberalization by the EU Directive on services, agenda going forward. Paper is based on extensive literature analysis and empirical data. The analysis of an introduction to the nature of international services showed, that the important instrument of services trade development is Directive on services in the internal market, which EU law is aiming at establishing a single market for services within the European Union (EU). So it was designed to break down barriers to trade in services across the EU, and help complete the single market. The EU Services Directive is one of the cornerstones for the realization of the EU internal market and is fundamental to economic and legal experts in governments, trade and industry, as well as to the general public. The starting point is identifying issues of competition in the international trade sector is that EU Services Directive to execute a purpose contribute to the Lisbon strategy goal of making the European Union the world's most dynamic, competitive and sustainable economy. The article deals with the services sector's development in ES market analysing its competitive potential in our Lithuanian country. The study showed that companies whose activity is oriented towards the fields with the highest added value (creation of new services, consultations, or information technologies) became more active during the cycle of economic stagnation. The trends of international trade of services show that trade in these fields will expand, and the rate of growth will ...

WTO Law and Policy presents an authoritative account of the emergence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the basic principles and institutional law of the WTO. It explores how political economy has shaped the WTO's legal philosophy and policies,and provides insights into how international trade law at the WTO has developed. This textbook examines the legal obligations of the Member States of the WTO under the multilateral trade agreements, the legal remedies available under the rules-based dispute settlement system, and incorporates the most relevant case laws from the WTO's jurisprudence. It outlines several key contemporary issues which the WTO faces as well as areas that need reforming. Each chapter covers a specific topic in relation to the framework and functionality of the WTO, with particular focus on the legal aspects of the multilateral trade order. The book is guided by the legal pronouncements of the Dispute Settlement Body (Panels and Appellate Body), and the commentaries on the interpretation of the provisions of the covered agreements. This book is ideal for all students studying international trade law, including those coming to international law, international trade law, and WTO law for the first time.

Grundwerk: Review of trends and policies in trade between countries having different economic and social systems. - 23. July 1982. - 30 S.,Tab. - (TD/B/912) ; (GE.82-51897); Add. 1: Statistical review of trade among countries having different economic and social systems. - 12. July 1982. - 26 S., Tab. - (TD/B/912/Add.1) ; (GE.82-51764)

Part 1: Review of trends and policies in trade between countries having different economic and social systems. TD/B/859, 7 August 1981, GE.81-54627, 31 S.; Part 2: Statistical review of trade among countries having different economic and social systems. . TD/B/859/Add.1, 9 July 1981, GE.81-54114, 21 S

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1. 'And Then There were Four ...' A Thumbnail History of Oil Industry Restructuring, 1971-2004 -- PART I: THE BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRM: MEGA-MERGERS, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND VALUE CHAINS -- 2. Size and Profitability in the International Oil and Gas Industry -- 3. Vertical integration and industrial restructuring: the economic organization of specific assets in the oil refining industry -- 4. Economic Organization of Specific Assets in the Offshore Industry -- 5. Supply Chain Management in the Oil Industry: The Angolan and Norwegian Cases Compared -- 6. Competitive Strategy and Industry Structure: A Value Configuration Interpretation -- PART II: PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES -- 7. Transnational Energy Companies' Investment Allocation Decisions -- 8. Liberalisation. Integration and Specialisation: The Restructuring of the European Oil Industry -- 9. Future Oil Resources and Oil Company Strategies: The Clash between Geologists and Economists and What It Means for the Industry -- 10. 'Why Don't Oil Companies Commit to "Green Technologies?"' - A Corporate Constraints Interpretation -- PART III: CONCLUSION -- 11. Conclusion: Predicting Frequently

When a government acquires a product from foreign sources, some financial transaction must occur. Countries may pay cash, borrow funds to pay for the goods over time, provide other goods in return, or receive the goods on a grant basis. With respect to commercial goods, such as aircraft, power generation equipment, and telecommunications products, methods of financing are well known, and an international framework disciplining such practices has gradually been established. Financing involving the defense trade is much more opaque, however, and there are no international agreements governing such transactions. With the end of the Cold War, and the sharp decline in military assistance formally available from the superpowers, the issue of how arms sales are financed will become more important for purchasers and vendors. This article will review the means by which arms sales have been and are financed and will discuss the possibility of increasing information and international discipline on financing practices.