Suchergebnisse

It is commonly believed that mandating higher legal minimum wages (LMWs) is needed to help the poor earn a level of income that would allow them healthy and dignified lives. It is also seen as a tool to protect the weak against exploitation. This popular belief motivates and justifies the recurrent demands for hefty increases in LMW. But what is the empirical evidence behind this? This article seeks to address this question. It finds that in the Philippines, higher LMWs: (i) are likely to reduce the work hours of average workers; (ii) can be disadvantageous against the very groups that LMWs are intended to protect; (iii) decrease the employment probability of the young, inexperienced, less educated and women laborers; and (iv) tends to ironically reduce average income and raise household poverty rate. These results illustrate how rapid rises in LMWs can be counter-productive and can go against the spirit of equal protection principle of the Constitution. If the goal is to help the poor and protect the weak, then these findings warrant the need to think more deeply and prudently about the use of LMWs and to consider other tools for achieving decent wages.

The Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit was held on 19–20 December 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. The Summit was attended by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Prime Minister Thein Sein of Myanmar, and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung of Viet Nam. ADB President Takehiko Nakao joined the GMS Leaders. The Summit theme was "Committed to Inclusive and Sustainable Development in the GMS" which focused discussions on how to better ensure that the GMS Program remains on track toward sustained, inclusive, broad-based, and environmentally sustainable development.

The Fifth Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Summit was held on 19–20 December 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. The Summit was attended by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand, Prime Minister Hun Sen of Cambodia, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Prime Minister Thein Sein of Myanmar, and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung of Viet Nam. ADB President Takehiko Nakao joined the GMS Leaders. The Summit theme was "Committed to Inclusive and Sustainable Development in the GMS" which focused discussions on how to better ensure that the GMS Program remains on track toward sustained, inclusive, broad-based, and environmentally sustainable development.

This book is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. Despite Asia's rapid growth, vast sections of its population still live in poverty and suffer hunger and other forms of deprivation. Merely relying on Asia's growth will not help the deprived see a better future in their lifetimes. Ways must be found to make growth more inclusive combined with proactive public action to bring substantial improvements in the lives of Asia's deprived people. This book, co-published with Routledge, is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. The book also emphasizes the crucial role of determined, target driven public action if Asia's deprived populations are to see substantial improvement in their lives. Practical measures to tackle problems of hunger, unemployment, gender discrimination, ill health, lack of quality basic education, inadequate access to clean water and basic sanitation are each discussed. The problems of the urban poor and migrants who continue to flock to Asia's cities are also highlighted. The book also emphasizes the need for an appropriate environment for public action to succeed including strong participatory institutions, effective governance, social protection and regional cooperation. Copublished with Routledge.

National audience Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley received in 2012 the Royal Bank of Sweden Prize for Economics in memory of Alfred Nobel, for their work on the centralised organisation of certain economic markets, which depend on the matching of agents of two distinct types (e.g. pupils and schools). Shapley is the co-author, together with David Gale, of the founding article of the domain, proposing an algorithm to achieve stable matching. Roth led the restructuring of the procedure for assigning in-house staff to hospitals in the United States and the design of a market for the transplantation of kidneys. After reporting on these contributions, we also discuss Shapley's decisive role in theory of games. ; Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley have received in 2012 the Sveriges Riksbank prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, for their work on the centralized organization of some economic markets, which rely on the matching of agents of two different types (students and schools, for instance). Shapley is the co-author, with David Gale, of the seminal paper of the area, which proposes an algorithm to reach a stable matching. Roth directed the reform of the entry level labor market for American physicians (the National Resident Matching Program) and the design of a market for kidney transplants. After having surveyed these contributions, we also give an account of Shapley's leading role in game theory. ; National audience Alvin Roth and Lloyd Shapley received in 2012 the Royal Bank of Sweden Prize for Economics in memory of Alfred Nobel, for their work on the centralised organisation of certain economic markets, which depend on the matching of agents of two distinct types (e.g. pupils and schools). Shapley is the co-author, together with David Gale, of the founding article of the domain, proposing an algorithm to achieve stable matching. Roth led the restructuring of the procedure for assigning in-house staff to hospitals in the United States and the design of a market for the transplantation of kidneys. After ...

This book is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. Despite Asia's rapid growth, vast sections of its population still live in poverty and suffer hunger and other forms of deprivation. Merely relying on Asia's growth will not help the deprived see a better future in their lifetimes. Ways must be found to make growth more inclusive combined with proactive public action to bring substantial improvements in the lives of Asia's deprived people. This book, co-published with Routledge, is written by a set of experts who have been working long on reducing various aspects of human deprivations in Asia. It begins with a discussion of the massive dimensions of deprivations that continue to exist in Asia. Although many countries have adopted inclusive growth strategies to enable the benefits of growth to reach the poor, much more needs to be done to make growth processes more broad based and beneficial to all. The book points to essential action needed to bring this about. The book also emphasizes the crucial role of determined, target driven public action if Asia's deprived populations are to see substantial improvement in their lives. Practical measures to tackle problems of hunger, unemployment, gender discrimination, ill health, lack of quality basic education, inadequate access to clean water and basic sanitation are each discussed. The problems of the urban poor and migrants who continue to flock to Asia's cities are also highlighted. The book also emphasizes the need for an appropriate environment for public action to succeed including strong participatory institutions, effective governance, social protection and regional cooperation. Copublished with Routledge.

Cambodia was a founding member of ADB in 1966, but almost all lending and technical assistance to Cambodia has been since the 1990s when ADB re-engaged after an extended absence. This publication aims to capture the essence of the last 20 years of partnership between Cambodia and ADB. ADB's core product is finance, and as of October 2012, Cambodia had received $1.39 billion for 64 loans, $256 million for 21 grants, and $138 million for 179 technical assistance projects. This commemorative publication reviews activities and achievements in the main sectors of ADB engagement in Cambodia, including infrastructure, regional cooperation, urban development, tourism, rural development, flood rehabilitation, social development, public sector management, finance, and private sector development. It also covers progress on key drivers of change - governance, gender equity, climate change, knowledge partnerships, and engagement with civil society organizations, development partners, and the business community. The steps forward in these areas in Cambodia reflect the new broader 'finance ++' strategy of ADB - finance plus leverage plus knowledge. This publication concludes with a section on ADB 'then and now', detailing the return of ADB to Cambodia 20 years ago, a list of ADB milestones since 1991, reflections from all the ADB country directors since the 1990s, and concluding with the essence of the country partnership strategy 2011-2013, and the names of the Cambodia country team that are leading the Cambodia-ADB partnership into the future.

Cambodia was a founding member of ADB in 1966, but almost all lending and technical assistance to Cambodia has been since the 1990s when ADB re-engaged after an extended absence. This publication aims to capture the essence of the last 20 years of partnership between Cambodia and ADB. ADB's core product is finance, and as of October 2012, Cambodia had received $1.39 billion for 64 loans, $256 million for 21 grants, and $138 million for 179 technical assistance projects. This commemorative publication reviews activities and achievements in the main sectors of ADB engagement in Cambodia, including infrastructure, regional cooperation, urban development, tourism, rural development, flood rehabilitation, social development, public sector management, finance, and private sector development. It also covers progress on key drivers of change - governance, gender equity, climate change, knowledge partnerships, and engagement with civil society organizations, development partners, and the business community. The steps forward in these areas in Cambodia reflect the new broader 'finance ++' strategy of ADB - finance plus leverage plus knowledge. This publication concludes with a section on ADB 'then and now', detailing the return of ADB to Cambodia 20 years ago, a list of ADB milestones since 1991, reflections from all the ADB country directors since the 1990s, and concluding with the essence of the country partnership strategy 2011-2013, and the names of the Cambodia country team that are leading the Cambodia-ADB partnership into the future.

Conditional cash transfer (CCT), which was initiated in 2007, is becoming a centerpiece of the social protection system in the Philippines. This note reviews economic rationales for transferring a cash grant to the poor contingent on their certain behavior, major challenges in designing a CCT program, targeting methodologies, and impact evaluation designs, to show how the Philippines' CCT program is designed to resolve major difficulties in its design, targeting, and evaluation. The CCT program with a rigorous impact evaluation offers an excellent opportunity for policy makers and development practitioners to learn what works and what does not work in searching for effective poverty interventions.

Conditional cash transfer (CCT), which was initiated in 2007, is becoming a centerpiece of the social protection system in the Philippines. This note reviews economic rationales for transferring a cash grant to the poor contingent on their certain behavior, major challenges in designing a CCT program, targeting methodologies, and impact evaluation designs, to show how the Philippines' CCT program is designed to resolve major difficulties in its design, targeting, and evaluation. The CCT program with a rigorous impact evaluation offers an excellent opportunity for policy makers and development practitioners to learn what works and what does not work in searching for effective poverty interventions.

Anecdotal evidence permeates accounts on the impact of the global economic crisis on Philippine poverty. This study systematically assesses the evidence and recent data. It adopts a somewhat eclectic approach as applying regression and decomposition techniques to trace the impact of the global economic crisis on gross domestic product and its major components, constructing panel data from nationally representative household surveys to trace the changes in household welfare during the crisis, and combining national income accounts and household survey data to simulate the differential effects of the crisis across population groups and social divides. Empirical findings suggest that although the Philippine economy did not slide to recession during the crisis, its impact on the economy and poverty across population groups was nonetheless severe

This report aims to summarize the current state of poverty in Sri Lanka by tracing its causes and recommending policies. Special attention is paid to human development issues in the conflict-affected areas. The ongoing conflict in the north and east remains both the principal cause for poverty and the most binding constraint to human development in Sri Lanka.

Anecdotal evidence permeates accounts on the impact of the global economic crisis on Philippine poverty. This study systematically assesses the evidence and recent data. It adopts a somewhat eclectic approach as applying regression and decomposition techniques to trace the impact of the global economic crisis on gross domestic product and its major components, constructing panel data from nationally representative household surveys to trace the changes in household welfare during the crisis, and combining national income accounts and household survey data to simulate the differential effects of the crisis across population groups and social divides. Empirical findings suggest that although the Philippine economy did not slide to recession during the crisis, its impact on the economy and poverty across population groups was nonetheless severe

This report aims to summarize the current state of poverty in Sri Lanka by tracing its causes and recommending policies. Special attention is paid to human development issues in the conflict-affected areas. The ongoing conflict in the north and east remains both the principal cause for poverty and the most binding constraint to human development in Sri Lanka.