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"This timeless classic by Harold J. Laski explains the nature of the modern state by examining its characteristics, as revealed by its history. The State in Theory and Practice is a work that grows in significance, rather than dwindles over time. This is because, as Sidney A. Pearson, Jr. points out, Laski helped develop and expound the foundational arguments of the political left.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, even on the hard left, few people thought of Marxism, at least in its classical formulation by Laski in the 1930s, as a political alternative. Much of the interest in Laski seeks to separate the early Laski of pluralist parliamentary arguments from the later Laski of Marxism. Laski's appeal rests on subtle aspects of his science of politics that require a detailed examination before their full significance can be understood. The state is a work that operates at several layers of assumptions and implications.The significance of Laski starts with the observation that among many intellectuals on the left, the political critique of liberal democracy remains as influential after the collapse of the Soviet Union as it was when Laski wrote. The leftist critique of classical liberalism is one of the touchstones of modern political thought and Laski remains part of that tradition. Laski is one of the links between what might be called the ""old left"" of the pre-World War II era and the ""new left"" of the 1960's and later."--Provided by publisher.

p. 2 ; column 6 ; ½ col. in. ; "There is a great deal of excitement in the canvass for county elections, and in some counties several tickets are run. In Tooele there are four tickets, including straight Mormon, Gentile, and mixed tickets. There is likely to be a general stirring-up throughout the territory in political matters shortly. Many Mormons say church and state must be divorced."

Strategies for managing economic relations, chiefly; 5 articles. Some emphasis on technological and political competition.

This study examines the influence of state participation in the ownership structure of companies on their financial efficiency using a sample of 114 largest companies in Russia. As an indirect indicator of efficiency, we used a variety of financial indicators: revenue per employee (gross margin), return on equity, profit margin and debt burden. The effects of direct and indirect state ownership are considered separately. Using econometric analysis, we conclude that the dominance of the block of shares owned by the state has a negative effect on the performance characteristics, and its increase is associated with an increase in the debt burden of the companies. According to our criteria, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) perform worse on average than private companies. The mechanism of how changes in the "real sector" affect profitability is examined particularly closely. The study shows that a change in the profitability of private companies is characterized by a significant dependence on the movement of labor productivity characteristics. At the same time, for SOEs, a similar correlation was not revealed. These companies demonstrated no visible relationship between their profitability and performance characteristics. The study shows that increases in the size of direct government ownership lead to lower labor productivity and profitability; the impact of indirect ownership is, seemingly, more complicated.

Dieser Aufsatz nimmt schlaglichtartig einige Schlüsselaspekte der Sozialpolitik-Entwicklung in den USA in den Blick und fragt an diesen Beispielen nach der Realität und den Erscheinungsformen von staatlicher Aktivität in der Sozialpolitik und ihrem möglichen Bedeutungsgewinn oder Bedeutungsverlust. Der Schwerpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit liegt dabei auf den Sozialhilfeprogrammen, weil in ihnen der starke Staat am virulentesten Thema öffentlicher und sozialwissenschaftlicher Debatten geworden ist. Im Licht dieser Beobachtungen werden danach einige wichtige empirische und theoretische Annäherungen an das Thema staatliche vs. privatwirtschaftliche Organisationsformen der Daseinsvorsorge in international vergleichenden Gegenwartsanalysen betrachtet. Es wird deutlich, dass die durchgängig "wirtschaftsliberale" Klassifizierung der USA im Kontrast zu den europäischen Ländern richtig sein mag, dass man mit ihr aber wichtige Aspekte US-amerikanischer Staatlichkeit – und hier vor allem die ausgeprägte Präsenz staatlicher Gebote und Vorschriften im Leben der Sozialleistungsempfänger – nur schlecht in den Griff bekommt. Das abschließende Fazit fragt nach den Implikationen für empirische Konzepte zur Erforschung von Markt und Staat in der heutigen Sozialpolitik.

In recent times, nonprofit organisations (NPOs) have been compelled to run their affairs professionally. Consistent with management theory a manager ought to plan, organise, lead and exercise control. The process of professionalisation, governance and strategy implementation could be enhanced using policy documents (such as constitutions, church orders, canos and manuals). Policies serve as key instruments in enabling a strategy agenda for such organisations. Policies articulate governance principles and align with the strategic imperatives. This paper explored the role of policies as instruments of strategic agenda enablement in church settings as NPOs. Qualitative research methods, in the form of semi-structured interviews and document analysis, were employed in conducting research among churches in the Gauteng province, South Africa. A total of 26 church managers were interviewed, and 12 policy documents from participating churches were analysed using ATLAS.ti software. As findings, policies ought to be better aligned to the governance architecture, vision, and strategic agenda of the organisation. This will make policies become proper instruments of governance and strategy implementation. Policy documents analysed entailed inferences of all four principles of management theory. A contribution is made in the areas of the aforementioned theory in a nonprofit context.

Based on a comparative study of socio-political networks and state strategies in Northern Norway and Southern Italy, this article argues that state strategies and capacity play an important role in determining the structure and impact of social networks on regional development. Similar in their choice of policy regimes and active distribution of resources to their lagging peripheries, Italy and Norway display very different informal networks between socio-political actors as well as development characteristics. These differences in social networks and development can be traced back to the willingness and ability of state actors to entrench themselves at the centre of the socio-political networks in the regions. Their ability is constrained by the social networks themselves, hemmed in by past history of nation-building and is in essence a picture of the legitimacy of the state. State openness towards mobilising social groups enables it to keep control over the mobilisation process and build for itself a central role in social networks. State closeness towards mobilising social groups brings with it the danger that alternative elites will build alternative social networks on the different territories they control -- networks in which the state will play a less central role. The cases illustrate the pros and cons of both types of state strategies, and form a good basis for a discussion of the optimal mix of state intervention and local social organisation in development. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction. The article examines the religious situation and activities of Orthodox religious organizations, as well as changes in state-church relations in 1988–1997 on the example of Togliatti. The correlation between official religious policy and its concrete implementation on the ground is analyzed. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and assess the results of state-church relations in Togliatti after the adoption of the new Statute of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1988, the USSR Law "On freedom of conscience and religious organizations" since October 1, 1990. The chronological framework of the study covers the years 1988–1997, since during this period it is possible to analyze how the church policy was carried out in this area after the adoption of the new Statute of the Russian Orthodox Church, the USSR Law "On Freedom of Conscience" conscience and religious organizations"dated October 1, 1990. Methods and materials. The purpose of the article was achieved using archival documents and materials from periodicals. The research methodology includes the method of document analysis, and when working with periodic materials, the method of synchronous comparison with documentary material was used. Analysis. In 1988, there was only 1 registered religious community in Togliatti in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. In 1989–1997, it was possible to organize 7 Orthodox parishes in different districts of the city, 1 monastery, and 3 house churches. Despite the difficult times of crisis, their material base grew stronger. Since the beginning of the 90s of the 20th century, many Orthodox parishes have received serious assistance from the state and government bodies, representatives of industry, banking capital and business. Results. The article states that, despite the formal separation of religious organizations from the state, the ROC got preferences in the form of direct budgetary financing of church construction, attracting sponsorship funds through state institutions for the same temple construction, and creating charitable foundations in the center and locally.

Adapted from the source document.