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Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the Iranian political system has been subject to diminishing legitimacy. In recent years, various waves of protest have spread across the country and the question of the resilience of the revolutionary state becomes more pressing by the day. Drawing from extensive fieldwork and rare primary sources, Mehran Kamrava provides here a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the Iranian state and the various formal and informal institutions through which it operates. The book offers an in-depth analysis of the Iranian state, from the Constitution to the powers and offices of the Supreme Leader, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the several intelligence agencies. Paying careful attention to the nuances of Iranian politics, Kamrava also highlights how factional politics and rentierism have served to enhance state resilience. Presenting a range of original insights, this book is invaluable to understanding the inner workings of the contemporary Iranian state.

This article summarizes the status of three recent German twin studies: CoSMoS, SOEP, and ChronoS. The German twin study on Cognitive Ability, Self-Reported Motivation, and School Achievement (CoSMoS) is a three-wave longitudinal study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together, and aims to investigate predictors of and influences on school performance. In the first wave of the data collection in 2005, 408 pairs of twins aged between 7 and 11 as well as their parents participated in CoSMoS. The SOEP twin study is an extended twin study, which has combined data from monozygotic and dizygotic twins reared together with additional data from full sibling pairs, mother–child, and grandparent–child dyads who participated in the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) study. The SOEP twin project comprises about 350 twin and 950 non-twin pairs aged between 17 and 70. Data were collected between 2009 and 2010, with a focus on personality traits, wellbeing, education, employment, income, living situation, life-satisfaction, and several attitudes. The aim of the Chronotype twin study (ChronoS) was to examine genetic and environmental influences on chronotype (morningness and eveningness), coping strategies, and several aspects of the previous SOEP twin project in a sample of 301 twin pairs aged between 19 and 76 years, recruited in 2010 and 2011. Part of the ChronoS twin sample also participated in the earlier SOEP twin study, representing a second wave of assessments. We briefly describe the design and contents of these three studies as well as selected recent findings.

GERMAN UNIFICATION IS BOTH A CAUSE AND AN EFFECT OF THE RESTRUCTURING OF ALLIANCES NOW TAKING PLACE WITH THE END OF THE LONG POSTWAR ERA. THE TRADITIONAL POLICY OF SEEKING NON-ISOLATION, AT TIMES NOT WITHOUT AMBIVALENCE, IS DESTINED TO CHANGE AND COULD BECOME MORE ASSERTIVE. TWO ITEMS TESTIFY TO THIS CHANGE IN DIRACTION: THE DEBATE OVER NARMALIZATION, WHICH HAS BROUGHT DOWN TABOOS IN GERMANY, AND THE LEADERSHIP ROLE THAT BONN HAS OPENLY TAKEN, FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE 1945, ON THE ISSUE OF RECONGNITION WITHOUT FURTHER DELAY OF SLOVENIA AND CROATIA BY THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AS OF JANUARY 15, 1992.

[p. 3] ; column 4 ; 1 ¾ col. in. ; Joseph Smith attempts to arrest a man, Spencer, for assault, but two other men come to Spencer's assistance. Joseph Smith disarms them and then acts as judge to try the case, fining Spencer 100 dollars for the assault and all three men 100 dollars each for resisting authorities. From the Boston Daily Advertiser.

Governing in coalitions is a central research field in comparative political science. This book explores how pre-electoral alliances and rejections of potential coalitions influence party competition and coalition politics in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. The study shows that in contrast to the classical perspective, coalition politics is determined not only by ideological diversity, but also by institutional and behaviouralist factors. Therefore, the goal of the theoretical part of the book is to combine historical analysis of party competition with theories on coalition formation. The empirical analysis is based on data from a content analysis of around 300 programmatic documents. Beside a descriptive analysis of the policy-area specific positions of each party and an evaluation of the determinants of coalition formation, the payoff structure in coalition governments is under consideration. The analysis reveals that "key parties" receive a surpassing share of both office and policy payoffs. The author Dr. Marc Debus is a research assistant at the University of Constance, Germany. His research focuses on the analysis of party competition, coalition politics and voting behaviour in a comparative perspective

Introduction: International politics and mimetic theory -- International politics and realist thought -- Desire for power and the power of desire -- A realist mimetic view on reconciliation -- Dag Hammarskjöld: international civil service and mimesis -- It's all about competition without shooting each other.

Support of training has been one of the most important instruments of active labor market policy in East Germany. This paper attempts an evaluation of the effects of training on future employment and future wages of trainees. The analysis distinguishes between measures within and outside of the firm of the employee and whether the trainee receives public income maintenance. After describing the labor market developments in East Germany, we illustrate the evaluation problem. Then, we estimate a simultaneous model for participation in training, employment, and wages. Taking account of selection effects before participation, our findings mostly suggest positive effects of training on employment or wages. In this respect, public income support is only successful when training takes place in external institutions but not in the firm where the person is employed.

Abstract. Roubini and Sachs provided the first systematic test of the idea that political structure the size, composition, diversity, and/or stability of a governing cabinet ‐ is related to budget deficits. In this paper, we take issue with several of Roubini and Sachs' choices concerning data and operationalization, and argue that their approach cannot offer clear conclusions about the relationship between national political structure and budget deficits. We test the 'strength of government' hypothesis using central government finance data on 16 countries, 1959–1990. We measure deficits in a way that maximizes comparability across countries but avoids the potential problems of standardizing by GDP. We examine carefully the definition and measurement of 'strength of government', in light of recent theoretical and empirical work in comparative politics. We perform pooled time‐series regression analysis of deficit change in 16 OECD countries for the period 1959–1990. We argue that while structural differences between governments may have little impact on deficits during good economic times, they may become especially noticeable and influential during periods when governments struggle to cope with severe economic problems.

"This book identifies and examines political activities of selected religious actors in both domestic and international contexts, in relation to democracy, human rights and civilisational interactions. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 examines the controversial issue of how, why and when religious actors affect democratisation - that is, transition to democracy - and democracy itself. These chapters examine religion's impact on democratisation and human rights, with particular attention to secularisation, Islam, and globalisation. They indicate that numerous religious actors have had major importance in helping determine democratisation outcomes in various countries. Part 2 is concerned with relationships between different civilisational actors, especially in relation to human rights, a controversial political, cultural and religious issue. These chapters examine how intercivilisational concerns, centrally involving real or perceived religious and cultural differences, affect political outcomes in both domestic and international contexts. This book will be of great interest to postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of religion and politics, religion and international relations, democratisation and democracy, and global governance, especially studies of the United Nations. It will also interest practitioners and scholars who work on religion and politics, in both domestic and international contexts"--