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Abstract
Enhanced 911 call systems face the transition to Next Generation 911 (NG911) driven by the ubiquity of smart phones and other digital technologies. NG911 services include data management and databases to gather, process and store NG911 call and location data. Federal NG911 policies to implement and fund NG911 and consolidate PSAPs are insufficient to timely further NG911 services and fully integrate NG911 with the Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network (NPSBN). Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) need NG911 emergency service IP networks (ESInets) to receive 911 emergency calls and NPSBN to deliver these calls and data to first responders.

In this era of organizational downsizing, budget shortfalls, and personnel reshuffling, the timely addition of a capable and enthusiastic intern can be invaluable for a public agency. This article focuses on one set of critical concerns for an organization seeking to benefit from an effective intern relationship: What are the agency's responsibilities if interns are going to be productive contributors to the work of the organization? What specific things should an agency do—and what potential pitfalls and snares should it vigorously avoid blundering into—to maximize the impact of an intern's services to the organization? The authors' observations on how best to answer these questions are offered here as lessons learned from nearly two decades of experience with some successful and some not-so-successful agency-intern collaborations.

One major concern that policy makers face is whether they can plan their future tax receipts and spending in a predictable manner. In the absence of tax rate changes, tax revenue volatility arises due to volatility of tax bases. In the face of fluctuations in economic activity, the amount of tax revenue that a provincial government collects depends on how the various tax bases respond to the business cycle. We investigate the relationship between the business cycle—measured by the deviations of Gross Domestic Product from its long-run trend—and Alberta's major tax bases for the period 1976–2008. Our analysis indicates that the Alberta's corporate income and sales tax bases show the most and least responsiveness to the business cycle. The policy implication of this is that, if the objective of the Alberta government is to have less volatile and somewhat reasonably predictable tax revenue sources, diversifying its tax bases to include sales tax looks promising.

Through online services, the Scandinavian public service broadcasters have managed to retain strong positions as public service media (PSM) among the audiences in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Social and political changes in the Scandinavian populations influence the ways PSM involve themselves in conflicts that relate to religion. The growing cultural and religious diversity of the Scandinavian countries, along with digitalization and commercialization, shape PSM publics with varying, and perhaps conflicting, interests and needs. This has put the PSM under political pressure to alter their programming. On the one hand, their obligation to provide a common, and perhaps even a unifying, public space for the whole nation, in some cases, has become more pronounced. On the other hand, they are encouraged to take into account the multiplicity of voices and subcultures that exist among their audiences and users.

Background Nowadays, not only countries but also cities and regions communicate directly with residents in other countries using public diplomacy. Public diplomacy includes all official efforts to convince targeted sectors of foreign opinion to support or tolerate the strategic objectives of the government of a state, region or city. By branding your place to residents in other countries, you can make your place an attractive place to move to. On the other hand, you can also demolish your place brand reputation among other target groups and stakeholders. Aim This paper aims at discussing the role of public diplomacy in place branding for attracting new residents. We will focus on refugees. Once the refugees have obtained the right to stay in Sweden, they have the right to settle down wherever they want. However, they do not settle down in different parts of Sweden by random, but as a response to municipal public diplomacy communication strategies in branding places. Design We use an exploratory case study design to discuss how the two cities Borlänge and Malmö work with public diplomacy and place branding in attracting refugees to settle down in these cities. Both cities relied on immigrant labour but entered a painful deindustrialisation process in the late 1970s. However, in the 1990s the cities' development took different turns. We develop a conceptual framework based on public diplomacy and place branding. The empirical material is based on policy documents decided by the respective city halls, statistics from Statistics Sweden and previous research. Findings The place branding of Borlänge targets just the residents. For non-residents the brand is weak and for refugees unattractive. No public diplomacy communication is reported in the policy documents from Borlänge. Malmö works actively with place branding and public diplomacy to attract new residents from abroad, and refugees re-settling from other parts of Sweden. The city is seen as a multicultural and superdiverse, a city where natives are a ...

Do democracies discriminate less against minorities as compared to non-democracies? How does the dominance of an ethnic group affect discrimination under various political regimes? We build a theory which tries to answer such questions. In our model, political leaders (democratically elected or not) decide on the allocation of spending on different types of public goods: a general public good and an ethnically-targetable public good which benefits the majority ethnic group while imposing a cost on the other minorities. We show that, under democracy, lower ethnic dominance leads to greater provision of the general public good while higher dominance implies higher provision of the ethnically-targetable good. Interestingly, the opposite relation obtains under dictatorship. This implies that political regime changes can favour or disfavour minorities based on the ambient level of ethnic dominance. Several historical events involving regime changes can be analysed within our framework and are consistent with our results.

International audience ; The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of the current development conditions of public spaces in Mexico through the perspectives of different actors. It will also explain the main issues of the actual planning regulatory framework concerning the inclusion of civil society in the planning and design process of public spaces in Mexico. We take into account the Federal law of human settlements, territorial order, and urban development (Diario Oficial de la Federacion, 2016)presented in November of 2016, which became the first federal legislation in Mexico that defines and relates the terms "urban development", "public space" and "social participation" (ANPR & WRI México, 2018). This research aims to present a background of the current conditions of planning public spaces in Mexico according to the federal government for the period (2018-2024), non-governmental institutions, and the private sector where each actor has a different perspective of the conditions of how public spaces should be developed. ; L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une analyse des conditions actuelles de développement des espaces publics au Mexique à travers l'examen des perspectives des différents acteurs. Il déterminera également les principaux problèmes du cadre réglementaire actuel de planification concernant l'inclusion de la société civile dans le processus de planification et de conception des espaces publics au Mexique. Nous prenons en compte la loi fédérale sur les établissements humains, l'ordre territorial et le développement urbain (Federacion, 2016), présentée en novembre 2016 et qui est devenue la première législation fédérale au Mexique qui définit et relie les termes « développement urbain », « espace public » et « participation sociale » (World Resource Institute, 2018). Cette recherche vise à présenter un contexte des conditions réelles de planification des espaces publics au Mexique selon le gouvernement fédéral pour la période (2018-2024), les institutions non ...

- Foreword and Acknowledgements - Executive summary - Assessment and recommendations - Improving steering from the centre of government in the Slovak Republic - Strengthening analytical and evaluation capacity in the Slovak Republic - Strengthening the capability of the state civil service in the Slovak Republic - Scaling up digital government in the Slovak Republic - Enhancing transparency and integrity in the Slovak Republic.