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Abstract This paper aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the dynamics of women's movements and their relations with institutions, political parties and the official mechanisms used to promote gender equality. It is the outcome of the first study on State feminism in Portugal. Our research was carried out using a case study which focused on the main gender equality official mechanism and its networks, which required a qualitative approach. We concluded that currently, while the Portuguese State is confronted with its persistent inability to implement gender equality policies, the present situation of Portuguese women's movements is that of redefining and adjusting to the major challenge of reinvention and resignification within a very difficult external environment.

While the Indonesian higher education sector is relatively inward looking in comparison with those of its neighbors in Southeast Asia, the government has been proposing new initiatives to speed up internationalization in an attempt to increase the sector's quality. However, problems existing in the government policy direction and organizational factors within the universities may mean that Indonesian higher education will remain insular for quite some time. Adapting effective policies implemented in other Asian countries may help Indonesia transform its higher education sector.

The dissertation traces the sentimental value of childhood and the economic impact of preschool education from 1903 to 1953. According to state theorists and social reformers, by abolishing child labor and separating childhood from work, preschool education would facilitate the transition from a household to an industrial economy and would allow women to join the workforce. Long-term structural continuities undergird conflicts over the political indoctrination of children and their relationships to family hierarchies. Institutionally separated from their families, kindergartners could be trained as loyal Qing subjects, or Nationalist citizens, or Communist comrades. Each regime criticized alternative or older versions of early childhood socialization in order to shape future generations.

The European Parliament Hearing of young people with special educational needs took place in Brussels on 3 November 2003. The Agency organised it with the support of the ministries of education in its member countries and the European Commission. It was one of the major events within the framework of the European Year of People with Disabilities. Twenty-three country delegations, with 146 representatives, participated in the event. The country delegations included 72 young people with special educational needs. This publication is a synthesis of their presentations. Download the PDF below, which presents them together in 17 of the Agency's official languages: Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish. ; This publication has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Considers the implications of the fragmentation trend in higher education institutions that will target particular constituencies, suggesting that information technology will soon make it possible to deliver knowledge & education to disparate communities by learning businesses. Contrary to many commentators, it is argued that the introduction of market relations into higher education is not to be feared. Rather, these market relations should be understood as catering to a post-baby boom generation of US information workers who are in need of continuous learning opportunities. In this context, fragmentation is to be welcomed because it promises to create a broader variety of higher education institutions that can serve different populations. Individuals horrified by this prospect ought to give up their traditional elitism & recognize that vocational training is needed by large segments of the population. D. Ryfe