Worker control movements have shown considerable success in Europe and the United States, but these movements are generally restricted to the plant level, particularly in the US. This essay argues that the main variable for success in worker control is worker participation, and the possibility of participation in a worker control situation depends very much on the nature of the ideology which surrounds the movement itself. Thus, we argue that the context in which a worker control movement takes place may have a great deal to do not only with its success at the individual plant level but its possibilities for becoming more general than a single or several plant occurrence. We consider that the best ideologically cohesive force available for such a movement is a political party which serves as the ideological means through which the movement expresses itself, influences worker takeovers at the plant level, and the spread of such movements to other plants.
State governments have traditionally been regarded as an enforcer of rules. However, legally classified international crimes such as genocide, torture, & war crimes committed by state agencies or state-like entities far surpass all other violent crimes. Borrowing from political science & international relations, the authors attempt to integrate concepts from the two disciplines into a criminological framework. Legitimacy & hegemony are identified as key concepts, to be considered from the perspective of a state's relationship with other states, civil society & class relations within the state. States seeking to secure international & domestic legitimacy conform to global ideologies, thereby obtaining membership in international organizations from which they will reap material benefits in the form of aid & trade. The dynamics of state crime may be understood in terms of human rights violations, that which is illegitimate by the states or citizens own standards, & that which is perceived as illegitimate by diverse groups. 1 Table, 2 Figures, 67 References. E. Sanchez
At the international level the twentieth century was characterized by the rise in national self-determination in the Third World and by the rise of US power. This book analyzes the dynamics of the changing relationships between the United States and states seeking decolonization, within the contexts of the US relationship with the European colonial powers, the Cold War, and the economic system. Its scope is broad in both space and time. This collection of articles brings together leading scholars as well as recently qualified authors on a subject that was confined in the Cold War paradigm, but ultimately needs to transcend it.
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The influence of the Islamic tradition on the institutionalization of the family in countries with secular content can be traced through the examples of individual families and the discourse analysis of the topic of family in the information space. The legislative norms based on which families are created and family-marriage relations are regulated represent a clearly proven mechanism operating in the realities of secular Kazakhstani society. However, it can be noted that the Islamic tradition of marriage, such as «nikah-neke», is becoming a condition of necessity for many religious families, especially in youth families. What is this connected with? With the advancement and influence of Islamic values after the collapse of the USSR, a desire arose to deconstruct atheistic culture and its influence, including on family life. A study of the influence of Islamic family traditions shows that they influence the formation of a modern family. This is especially noticeable in such circumstances as marriage registration, marital relations, raising children, and divorce.
The intent behind this book was to bring together a team of defence and national security scholars and real-world military and law enforcement operators to focus on the topic of ""Non-State Threats and Future Wars"". The book is divided into four main sections: The first concerns theory. The second section concerns non-state threats and case studies, providing an overview of non-state threats ranging from organized crime networks to cartels, gangs and warlords. The third section is based on counter-OPFOR (opposing force) strategies which detail advanced concepts, urban battlespace environmenta.
While Israeli Jews would appear to be divided into a secular and a religious sector, a more appropriate division would be into three population groups. First is the majority of religiously observant Jews, who subscribe to a religiopolitical culture and who represent roughly 20 percent of the population. Second, there is a radical secular public, representing about 10 percent of the Jewish population, who define themselves as totally nonobservant religiously and who favor not only separation of religion and state but the dejudaization of the state. They are sometimes referred to as post-Zionists. Finally, there is the vast majority of the Jewish population, who are somewhat observant of religious custom and who continue to favor a Zionist—that is, a Jewish—state. This segment of the population lacks political and cultural leadership; it is subdivided into distinct ethnic and political segments; and it appears far weaker than it is in practice.
This article aims to account for why the redistributive effect of the Korean welfare state remains meagre. Given the fact that its small size is already a well-known factor, it directs its attention to the design and structural features of key social provisions and their distributional profile. Its findings suggest that the design features of social provisions are progressive but their distributional profiles are not. This is because there are other factors that undermine the seemingly progressive design of the welfare system in Korea. The article argues that in order to establish a fair and efficient welfare state, it is not only any increase in size that is important but also correction of the factors that diminish the progressivity of the welfare system.
This article examines the legacy of American and Canadian welfare state development to explain surprisingly comparable levels of child care provision. It highlights the ironies of policy history while demonstrating the importance of ideas as independent causal factors in the development of public policies and the effect of their institutionalization on future policy development. Maternalist, nativist, and eugencist imperatives led U.S. governments to intrude in areas normally considered part of the private sphere and led to the adoption of policies to respond to a perceived decline primarily of the White population. These policies provided a normative and institutional basis for future government involvement in child care funding and programs, even after the conditions that led to the original policies changed. In Canada, the lack of large-scale entrenchment of similar ideas constrained an otherwise more interventionist government and made it more difficult for child care policies to find governmental and societal acceptance.
This book covers key discussions involving major US and European multinational companies (MNCs) that source products from suppliers in developing countries. Due to the transfer of production from developed to developing nations, there is an urgent need to establish social compliance as a new form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and a means by which MNCs can meet expected social standards. The cases described are internationally relevant and can be seen to reflect or represent the behavior of many MNCs and their suppliers in developing nations. The discussion offers essential insights into how different levels of social compliance risk and pressure (including broader stakeholder concerns) move managers to adopt or embrace particular social compliance accounting, reporting and auditing strategies. The book will help readers to understand the major concerns, challenges and dilemmas faced by management in the supply chains of MNCs, and proposes measures that can be taken to resolve those dilemmas. Most importantly, it develops a systematic method of assessing the social compliance performance of suppliers to MNCs. This includes highly detailed accounts of the social compliance performance of suppliers within the clothing industry (in a developing nation) that supply goods to the extensive US and European markets. The book offers a valuable guide, not only for corporate managers but also for practitioners, researchers, academics, and undergraduate and postgraduate business students.
