Suchergebnisse

The situation in Ukraine concerns the international community since January 2014 and remains a central issue in legal and political science researches. The United Nations Security Council (UN) was not only unable to prevent the conflict but also to take any possible steps to resolve it. As a result, a number of regional European organizations have been involved in the crisis in eastern Ukraine. The article discusses the mechanisms of activity of key European structures and organizations which aim at preventing, mitigating and resolving the conflict in Ukraine. The specifics of the methods used by each organization are determined, the success of their activities is evaluated, and the ways of increasing their effectiveness and involvement in resolving the Russian-Ukrainian conflict are suggested. The international response of the European community to the conflict in Crimea and eastern Ukraine has been investigated. The approaches, activities and efforts of the OSCE, the EU and the Council of Europe to address the conflict are reviewed. As the crisis in Ukraine deepened, the tasks of the OSCE Monitoring Mission included the following: facilitating access of international experts to the MH17 crash place, monitoring the implementation of Minsk agreements, facilitating the dialogue on local level to achieve a temporary ceasefire, participating in humanitarian sector coordination groups, ongoing supplying with the information regional, national and international media on the current state of conflict. Accordingly, the situation should not be confined solely to the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, as it poses a threat not only to the territorial integrity of Ukraine but also to security in Europe, so the activities of international organizations should be assessed comprehensively with a focus on the need for international law to be respected by all parties concerned.

This report documents the substantive findings and management recommendations of a cultural resource inventory conducted by Integrated Environmental Solutions, LLC (IES) for the American Airlines Trinity River Complex Building 6 Project, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW), Tarrant County, Texas. As the DFW will need approval from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to modify their Airport Layout Plan to reflect the permanent alterations, the project requires compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Additionally, as the DFW is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the project will be subjected to the provisions of the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). The goal of the survey was to locate, identify, and assess any cultural resources that could be adversely affected by the proposed development, and to evaluate such resources for their potential eligibility for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) or eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The cultural resources inventory was conducted by archeologists Kevin Stone and Anne Gibson on 23 May 2017, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 8034. During the IES survey, one newly recorded prehistoric site (41TR304) was encountered within the 12.15- acre Area of Potential Effects (APE). Based on the degree of disturbance, it was deemed ineligible for listing on the NRHP or as a SAL. In addition, portions of the FAA Air Route Traffic Control Center and the American Airlines Training and Convention Center greater than 50 years in age were assessed within the indirect APE. No artifacts were collected as part of this survey. All records will be temporarily curated at the IES McKinney office and permanently curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL). No further work is warranted. However, if any cultural resources are unearthed during construction, the operators should stop construction activities, and immediately contact the project environmental representative to initiate coordination with the Texas Historical Commission (THC) prior to resuming any construction activities.

International fairs—the "folk-festivals of capitalism"—have long been a favorite topic of historians studying quintessential phenomena of modernity such as the celebration of industrial productivity, the construction of national identities, and the valorization of bourgeois leisure and consumption in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe, the United States, and Latin America. To date, however, such spectacles occurring in the modern Middle East remain largely unexamined. This article, an analysis of the discourse surrounding the first Damascus International Exposition in 1954, is conceived in part as a preliminary effort to redress this historiographic imbalance.

Nach der Landung der Alliierten auf Sizilien im Juli 1943 und der Amtsenthebung Mussolinis besetzten deutsche Truppen Italien. Gemäß der Haager Landkriegsordnung wurde im Herbst 1943 im Rahmen der deutschen Militärverwaltung eine Abteilung für "Kunst-, Archiv- und Bibliotheksschutz" eingerichtet. Namhafte deutsche Kunsthistoriker arbeiteten in den Dienststellen des Kunstschutzes in Rom und Florenz, Mailand und zuletzt Fasano del Garda. Zu ihren Aufgaben zählte die Erfassung schützenswerter Bauwerke, die Errichtung von Schutzbauten sowie die Auslagerung beweglicher Kunstgegenstände in Depots. Ab Sommer 1944 rückte indes die fotografische Dokumentation der durch alliierte Luftangriffe verursachten Schäden an Kulturdenkmälern in den Vordergrund. Diese Wendung zur Kulturpropaganda veranschaulichen die rund 1500 Aufnahmen des kürzlich aufgefundenen "Fotoarchivs zerstörter Kunstwerke". - Mit den Voraussetzungen, Bedingungen und der Durchführung des "Kunstschutzes" in Italien sowie den Grenzen kunsthistorischer und denkmalpflegerischer Tätigkeit im Krieg beschäftigen sich die Beiträge in diesem Band. Er stellt zudem eine exemplarische Auswahl des Fotokonvoluts vor

Abstract
Unlike the Constitutions of some African States such as Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Comoros, the Constitution of Seychelles is silent on the status of international law (both treaty law and customary international law) in the Seychelles legal system. However, Article 48 of the Constitution requires courts to, inter alia, ensure that the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter) is 'interpreted in such a way so as not to be inconsistent with any international obligations of Seychelles relating to human rights and freedoms.' Article 64(4) of the Constitution provides that for Seychelles to be bound by a treaty, such a treaty has to be ratified by Parliament. In this article, the author illustrates how Seychelles courts (the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and the Court of Appeal) have applied or interpreted Articles 48 and 64 of the Constitution. The author submits, inter alia, that there is room for the argument that Seychelles courts may also refer to treaties which have not been ratified by Seychelles when interpreting the Charter of Rights. It is also argued that for courts to refer to a treaty when interpreting the Charter, there is no requirement for such a treaty to have been domesticated in Seychelles. It is argued further that in the absence of a constitutional provision to the contrary, customary international law is part of Seychelles law.

The aim of this paper is to present the legal nature of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as a special treaty under international human rights law. The article focuses on the twofold nature of the Convention. First, it presents the Convention as an international treaty, and thus as a source of specific obligations of states-parties. Second, it presents the Convention as the source of fundamental individual human rights. The article also discusses the role of ECtHR case law in the context of fundamental individual human rights.

Das englische solvent Scheme of Arrangement, geregelt in Part 26 (Sections 895-900) des englischen Companies Act 2006, erfreut sich in den letzten Jahren als Sanierungsinstrument zunehmender Beliebtheit auch bei nicht-englischen Unternehmen. In Deutschland beispielsweise haben sich die Vorzüge eines solchen solvent Scheme of Arrangement bisher drei deutsche Unternehmen, namentlich Tele Columbus, Rodenstock und Primacom zunutze gemacht. Zahlreiche weitere Unternehmen haben zudem bereits ihr Interesse an der Durchführung eines solvent Scheme of Arrangement bekundet.Aus rechtlicher Perspektive wirft dieser "Scheme-Trend" jedoch zahlreiche international privat- sowie verfahrensrechtliche Probleme auf. Diese betreffen insbesondere die Frage nach der internationalen Zuständigkeit für die Bestätigung eines solchen "deutschen" solvent Scheme of Arrangement, sowie die Frage nach der Anerkennung seiner Wirkungen in Deutschland. Diesen Fragen widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit in aller Tiefe. Die Ergebnisse sind dabei insbesondere für die Insolvenz- und Sanierungspraxis von Interesse

В статті досліджено проблеми захисту прав людини в сфері бізнесу. Доведено важливість дотримання бізнес-структурами принципів належного управління в сфері захисту прав людини. Виділено основні сфери, на які можуть впливати компанії в області прав людини. Розглянуто основні міжнародні стандарти в області прав людини. Наведено основні принципи Глобального Договору. Проаналізовано основні аспекти Рамкової концепції ООН «Захист, дотримання та засоби правового захисту». Наведено загальну схему діяльності компанії в сфері прав людини. Вивчено подальші кроки щодо розвитку міжнародних стандартів в сфері дотримання прав людини підприємствами. ; The changes taking place in society today require companies to develop new solutions and approaches to the process of industrial and economic activity, particularly in view of such a component as respect for human rights. These expectations were set out in a number of basic and specific international documents, as well as UN guidelines on business and human rights, supported by the UN, the EU and the governments of many countries, trade unions, employers' associations and the public.To declare law is much easier than to provide it, but the business is beginning to understand the ob-vious commercial benefits of the policy in the field of human rights, including: protection and strengthening of the company's reputation and the value of brand; protection and increase of the customers' base; attrac-tion and retaining of good employees; reduction of turnover and increase of productivity; reduction of the conflicts in the workplace; increase of investment attractiveness, etc.The company, whatever its activity, size and ownership, must take a number of steps: to develop a pol-icy in the field of human rights; to analyze the current situation, the potential risks in this area; to develop processes and procedures for managing risks and opportunities in the field of human rights; to establish contacts with stakeholders, to involve different resources: staff, information and material; to be open and accountable to the public.Companies should realize that their responsibility to respect human rights should acquire permanent and dynamic character, but not a single one.

The changes taking place in society today require companies to develop new solutions and approaches to the process of industrial and economic activity, particularly in view of such a component as respect for human rights. These expectations were set out in a number of basic and specific international documents, as well as UN guidelines on business and human rights, supported by the UN, the EU and the governments of many countries, trade unions, employers' associations and the public.To declare law is much easier than to provide it, but the business is beginning to understand the ob-vious commercial benefits of the policy in the field of human rights, including: protection and strengthening of the company's reputation and the value of brand; protection and increase of the customers' base; attrac-tion and retaining of good employees; reduction of turnover and increase of productivity; reduction of the conflicts in the workplace; increase of investment attractiveness, etc.The company, whatever its activity, size and ownership, must take a number of steps: to develop a pol-icy in the field of human rights; to analyze the current situation, the potential risks in this area; to develop processes and procedures for managing risks and opportunities in the field of human rights; to establish contacts with stakeholders, to involve different resources: staff, information and material; to be open and accountable to the public.Companies should realize that their responsibility to respect human rights should acquire permanent and dynamic character, but not a single one. ; В статті досліджено проблеми захисту прав людини в сфері бізнесу. Доведено важливість дотримання бізнес-структурами принципів належного управління в сфері захисту прав людини. Виділено основні сфери, на які можуть впливати компанії в області прав людини. Розглянуто основні міжнародні стандарти в області прав людини. Наведено основні принципи Глобального Договору. Проаналізовано основні аспекти Рамкової концепції ООН «Захист, дотримання та засоби правового захисту». Наведено загальну схему діяльності компанії в сфері прав людини. Вивчено подальші кроки щодо розвитку міжнародних стандартів в сфері дотримання прав людини підприємствами.