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Die vorliegende 'Gegenkritik' bezieht sich auf eine Kontroverse über einen Aufsatz von Brater und Beck in Leviathan 2, 1976, in dem diese die These entwickeln, wegen der Notwendigkeit gebrauchswertbezogener Arbeit bleibe die Subjektivität im Fortgang kapitalistischer Vergesellschaftung praktisch relevant. Der Autor will durch den Nachweis objektiver Bedingungen und Prozesse die Frage nach der Subjektivität einordnen. Möglichkeiten aktiver Veränderung, die sich aus dieser Einschätzung ergeben, wären von einer Politischen Psychologie zu entwickeln. Die kategoriale Einführung des Doppelcharakters kapitalistischer Produktionsprozesse - Arbeits- und Verwertungsprozess zugleich - betont gegenüber Lenhardts Argumentation die Widersprüchlichkeit kapitalistischer Produktionsweise. Sie wendet sich gegen Horns Begriff der 'Subjektivität' indem sie auf die auch von Horn als Problem erkannte 'Vermitteltheit' gesellschaftlicher und psychischer Prozesse mit den abstrakten gesellschaftlichen Bewegungsgesetzen verweist. Ähnlich wie Beck und Brater will der Autor die Benennung historischer Chancen für die arbeitenden Individuen in der Diskussion halten. Eine systematische Bestimmung der 'Grenzen abstrakter Arbeit' wäre Grundlage einer Politischen Psychologie. (KA)

Als Anpassung an die im Ausland bestehenden Verhältnisse mußte die VR China vom Yenan-Modell abweichen und in eine "Übergangsphase" eintreten. Untersucht wird für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Bürokratie und Außenpolitik, ob die Tendenz wieder zum Yenan-Kurs oder in Richtung des von der Sowjetunion vorgezeichneten Weges geht. (DÜI-Sms)

Am 13.2.1976 war erstmals von einem geschlossenen politischen Programm der "Wegbereiter des Kapitalismus" um Deng Xiaoping die Rede. Zu erschließen ist es nur aus Zitaten, die - zusammen mit der jeweiligen Kritik der "Linken" - nach Themenschwerpunkten (Wissenschaft, Erziehung, Kunst und Literatur, Wirtschaft, Demokratie) zusammengestellt werden. In der Theorie wird der Kampf gegen "rechts" mit ideologischen Irrlehren bzgl. des Klassenkampfes und der Produktivkräfte sowie mit Eklektizismus gerechtfertigt. (DÜI-Sch)

Benutzerkommentar + Aus Sicht der DDR

Marxism is no longer valid, & plays an essentially reactionary role for Wc movements. However, it contains elements of value for new understandings of the Wc movement. Marxism should be seen as one precursor of this movement. Its theoretical errors & the historical conditions in which it originated made it, in the form of Leninism, an ideology whose role in Russia & Asia must be judged critically. Workers will not control their own lives except through planned intervention into decision making, now dominated by monopolies -- intervention by those groups excluded from the planning of such monopolies. W. H. Stoddard.

The hippie scene is aescrioea as an anLnrop& sti mignti aescribe the culture of a South Sea island tribe. Some of the more prominent 'explanations' for the movement are reviewed & a theory of the hippie phenomenon is advanced. The movement appeared first in 1966. Haight-Ashbury became 'hippie heaven' 4 types of hippies are commonly found on the hippie scene: the visionaries, the freaks & heads, the midnight hippies, & the plastic hippies. The essential elements in the hippie ethic are based on the mind-body dichotomy, condemnation of the worship of 'things,' & the estrangement of people from each other, & a rejection of material success. Hippies invert traditional values: they waste their time, live in voluntary poverty, & repudiate the cash nexus. By the Sum of 1968, however, it was felt by the hippies that Haight-Ashbury was no longer a good place, free food was no longer distributed in the parks, & those agencies & facilities which had expressed the elan & hope of the community no longer existed. Both external pressures (coercion from the police & various agencies of city gov) & internal contradictions in the hippie ethic brought about the disintegration of the exp. The drug & ISD ideology is described in detail. The decline of 'acid' use in Haight-Ashbury is viewed as connected with the decline & fall of Timothy Leary. It is suggested that the volume of use of a drug is determined not by the laws, but by the effects of the drug. If a drug is relatively harmless, its use will spread, irrespective of severe laws. The hippie movement is considered more signif than previous youth movements. It is a form of lateral deviance. Whereas vertical deviance can be controlled by rewards for conforming behavior, lateral deviance rejects all conditional rewards. Vertical deviance leaves the power ultimately with the traditionally privileged. Hippies, as lateral deviants, have lately established viable self-supporting Ru communities. Their movement will survive longer than did that of the beats. The hippies have commented powerfully on some of the absurdities & irrationalities of society. They have made a dent into the self-satisfaction of the straight & posed a fairly well-thought-out alternative to conventional society. Modified HA.

On the basis of data collected by questionaire among participants in a 'freedom ride' on US Route 40 in 1961, the role of strains in the growth of an incipient soc movement is analyzed. Although strains are positively related to intense participation in the activities of the movement, the data indicate that the most deprived are strongly underrepresented in its ranks. This is explained by the fact that incipient movements do not attract people who are living under long-endured privations, unless they are moved at the same time by a radical ideology & rebellious alienation. It is argued that access to ideological beliefs is diff'ially distributed throughout the soc structure, with important consequences for early recruitment to movements designed to bring about soc change. AA.

Nonalignment (NA) is often a highly ambiguous & ill-defined concept, frequently equated with other ideas (like neutralism or neutrality or isolationism) which distort the doctrine & engender widespread misapprehensions about it outside the zone of nations committed to this credo. In recent yrs misunderstanding of NA has been prevalent in the West, esp in the US. The first requirement of better understanding is to comprehend the doctrine correctly, which demands diff'iating it from closely related concepts & identifying those elements which are common to diverse African, Arab, & Asian interpretations of it. The 50-odd nations dedicated to NA do not always agree upon its precise meaning; considerable scope exists & has been used for diverse nat'l interpretations & for policy divergencies. But there is also basic agreement on certain pivotal ideas implicit in it & upon certain diplomatic goals & strategies which are logical outgrowths of it. More intelligent & dispassionate understanding of the ideas central to NA is prerequisite to assessing its importance, evaluating its impact, & predicting its future on the internat'l scene. HA.

Both democratic & communistic states are providing assistance to uncommitted nations which seek an acceleration in their rates of econ growth. Must they make a choice of ideologically distinct routes to econ progress? The past decade has shown communist China's economy push ahead of democratic India's, while democratic Western Germany has made signif'ly more econ progress than communist East Germany. Analysis of these contrasting records indicates that it is not ideology which brings progress but the soundness of the specific growth pattern adopted & the objectivity with which these patterns are pursued. Any planned program must remain flexible enough so it can adapt to the actual circumstances & relationships encountered in the specific efforts to make the program work. This communist China & democratic West Germany did, in contrast to India's perseverance to a Russian model not suited to its labor & material endowments. Nations seeking growth--& nations aiding them--must be aware that it can be costly for a country to adhere persistently to doctrines which counter indigenous econ & SR's. IPSA.

The US & the USSR, so opposite in appearance, are yet in reality alike on many points. Their phsycial & natural set's are presently at the same level & the notion of a bourgeois sci finds little support. The 2 systems of educ are becoming more alike. The sociol'ts, while they look at problems differently, are nonetheless using a common language. The ethical structures as well as the basis of law are the same. As for the arts, they are more & more divorcing themselves from socialist reality in the USSR while US citizens are reading Soviet authors & seeing Soviet films. As for philosophy, the USSR has not established a monopoly on materialism & still reflects many traces of idealism. Soc & econ institutions in the 2 countries are becoming more & more alike, & their diff's reside in their various forms of soc relations. Finally, on the pol'al level, the USSR is becoming more liberal, while during the last few decades militarism & the ideology of intolerance have appeared in the US. Tr by J. A.Broussard from IPSA.