Suchergebnisse

The fiscal imbalance can be determined by many factors of economic, monetary or fiscal environment. The main goal of the paper is to create, choose and assess a meaningful categorisation of the European Union member countries that show homogeneity in the fiscal balance and the level of tax evasion. The purpose of the research by using hierarchical methods is to study relations between tax evasion (expressed as shadow economy) and short-term fiscal imbalance (expressed as primary balance) and to verify an assumption that the European Union countries with high values of the tax evasion report negative values of primary balance and vice versa. The research results point to significant differences between four identified clusters of multidimensional objects. The provided cluster analysis does not prove the preliminary assumption about the negative relation between tax evasion and primary balance. The analysis represents a background for further analysis of the effect of tax evasion on fiscal imbalance.

This is a legal evaluation of the ways in which the EU delivers policy. It assesses the role of law therein from a contextual and inter-disciplinary perspective and considers in-depth the principles of EU judicial review applicable to EU administration and that of the Member States.

1. French security policy : a human security perspective / Genevieve Schmeder -- 2. Past present : the development of German security strategy after the Cold War / Thomas Bauer -- 3. A "force for good"? : British national security and human security in an age of counterterrorism / Natasha Marhia and Chloe Davies -- 4. Not there yet : Spain's security strategy from a human security perspective / Gemma Collantes-Celador -- 5. Swedish security strategy in the twenty-first century : what role for human security? / Arita Holmberg -- 6. The hidden human security dimension of the Czech security policy / Libor Stejskal, Milos Balaban and Antonin Rasek -- 7. Human security as a "floating signifier" : Russia's reinterpretation of the concept / Andrey S. Makarychev.

The European Union - a supranational system with its own institutional characteristics and autonomy - has a structure and functional logic which are more similar to those of the US than those of European nation states. Yet, by and large, the EU and the US tend to be analyzed more as potential geopolitical and economic rivals or allies than compared as institutional peers. By bringing together some of the most influential political scientists and historians to compare the European and American experiences of federalism, Democracy and Federalism in the European Union and the United.

Preliminary Material /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter One. The Registrar of the International Court of Justice: Status and Functions /Philippe Couvreur -- Chapter Two. Presentation from the Standpoint of Spanish Law, on the Legal Process Available to Parties in the Contentious Procedure of the International Court of Justice /Santiago Torres Bernárdez -- Chapter Three. The Travails of Poor Countries in Gaining Access to the International Court of Justice /Luis Ignacio Sánchez Rodríguez and Ana Gemma López Martín -- Chapter Four. Survey of Applications against Spain Lodged with the European Court of Human Rights /Santiago Quesada Polo and Stanley Naismith -- Chapter Five. International Criminal Court and International Tribunals: Substantive and Procedural Aspects /Hector Olasolo -- Chapter Six. Introduction to Investor-state Arbitration. A Case Study: Wena Hotels Limited (Wena) volume Arab Republic of Egypt /Andrés Rigo Sureda -- Chapter Seven. The Work of the Legal Adviser of International Organisations, with Special Reference to the European Union /Gregorio Garzón Clariana -- Chapter Eight. The Procedures and Case Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights /Alfred M. De Zayas -- Chapter Nine. The Un Commission on Human Rights Machinery for the Protection of Human Rights /Carlos Villán Durán -- Chapter Ten. The Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter Eleven. References for Preliminary Rulings and Their Procedure before the Court of Justice of the European Communities /Alejandro Del Valle Gálvez and Miguel a. Acosta Sánchez -- Chapter Twelve. The Court of Justice of the European Communities and the Spanish Constitutional Court: a Comparison /Manuel Díez De Velasco Vallejo -- Chapter Thirteen. The Decision-making Process in the European Union /Francisco Fonseca Morillo -- Chapter Fourteen. Advising Governments from the inside: the Legal Adviser of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs /Aurelio Pérez Giralda -- Chapter Fifteen. The International Legal Consultancy of Governments from the outside /Antonio Remiro Brotóns -- Chapter Sixteen. Public International Law before Spanish Domestic Courts /José Antonio Pastor Ridruejo and Antonio Pastor Palomar -- Chapter Seventeen. Spanish Constitutional Court Practice on Private International Law /Julio D. González Campos -- Chapter Eighteen. Spanish Practice on Investment Treaties /Isabel García Rodríguez -- Chapter Nineteen. The International Practice and the Evidence (a Brief Guide for Young Lawyers) /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Chapter Twenty. Navigare Necesse Est: Internet for European and International Lawyers /Björn Arp -- Index of Jurisprudence /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Index of Authors and Authorities /Carlos Jiménez Piernas -- Analytical Index /Carlos Jiménez Piernas.

Patents / Dominic Adair, Greg Bacon, and Vanessa Rieu -- Clinical trials / Helen Middleton -- Procedures for obtaining a marketing authorisation and legal bases for application / Maria Isbel Manley and Libby Amos -- Pricing, reimbursement, and health technology appraisals (market access) / Maria Isabel Manley and Maria Georgiou -- Paediatrics / Georgia Gavriilidou -- Orphan drugs / Maria Isabel Manley and Chris Boyle -- Biological medicinal products and biosimilars / Dev Kumar and Lauren Wilks -- Regulatory data protection / Maria Isabel Manley and Grant Strachan -- Supplementary protection certificates / Maria Isabel Manley and Marina Vickers -- Maximisation of regulatory IP rights / Maria Isabel Manley and Marina Vickers -- The interaction between intellectual property law and competition law / Pat Treacy -- Access to information / Vincenzo Salvatore -- Litigating decisions of regulatory authorities / Kelyn Bacon, QC and Hugo Leith -- Pharmacovigilance / Maria Isabel Manley abd Edward Bray -- Data protection / Hazel Grant -- The promotion of medicinal products in the EU / Maria Isabel Manley and Libby Amos -- Borderline products / Maria Isabel Manley and Joanna Hook -- Product liability : the UK perspective / Mark Brown -- Pharmaceutical licensing and collaboration agreements : key consideration from the licensee's perspective / Jerry Temko -- Trade mark protection and enforcement in the pharmaceutical field / Sally Dunstan

International trade agreements and reforms of the European Common Agricultural Policy increase the importance of agricultural risk management as a means to stabilise farm incomes. 'Income stabilisation in European agriculture' addresses farm income and risk management issues from various perspectives. A cohesive work is brought together on historic income data, quantitative analyses of future policy scenarios, actual farmers' perceptions and an updated view on various risk management instruments. In-depth analyses focus on Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain. Overall findings are synthesised in policy recommendations for agricultural risk management in European agriculture. For academia, this publication brings together an interesting variety of quantitative and qualitative methods to understand and interpret risk management concepts in agriculture. For public and private stakeholders analyses and reflections can be used in debating the domain of policy reforms, risk exposure and risk management in European agriculture