Suchergebnisse

The study analyzes the national standardization and supply chain strategy system, namely, the changes that occur in connection with the economic part of the Ukraine-European Union Agreement, harmonization of the relevant regulatory framework of Ukraine with the European Union standards. It was revealed that the main obstacles to the free movement of goods and services are technical barriers rather than trade impediments. In order to coordinate EU technical regulations and the system of technical regulations in Ukraine (in the process of implementing the economic policy of European integration), the evolution of the formation of these systems was traced. The analysis of the international economic integration showed that it is most effectively and deeply implemented provided that a relatively small number of countries that have close and established trade and economic relations, as well as almost the same level of development, are united. In addition, the research described the integrity of the technical regulation system in the EU countries and its fundamental difference in terms of its perception and actual functioning in Ukraine. It has been noted that the reform of the legislation, principles, and infrastructure of the technical regulation system, standardization and supply chain strategy is aimed at improving the safety, quality and competitiveness of Ukrainian products; protecting the life and health of citizens; simplifying business climate; balancing current distortions and imbalances; introducing innovations through the application of international standards and the removal of technical barriers. However, the analysis of the basic laws of Ukraine on foreign economic activity revealed a number of problems associated with the formation of the economic policy of European integration, in particular the lack of a shared vision of the country's economic development and the formation of the concept, values, principles, and economic policy of European integration.

Positive and negative consequences of the introduction of Ukraine into the European Union on economic, political, and social levels are analyzed in the article. SWOT-analysis on the issue has been performed.

As the European Union (EU) has evolved, the study agenda has shifted from 'European integration' to 'EU politics'. Missing from this new agenda, however, is an understanding of the 'cognitive constraints' on actors and how actors respond, i.e. the shape of the EU 'political space' and the location of social groups and competition between actors within this space. The article develops a theoretical framework for understanding the shape of the EU political space (the interaction between an Integration-Independence and Left-Right dimension and the location of class and sectoral groups within this map), and tests this framework on the policy positions of the Socialist, Christian Democrat and Liberal party leaders between 1976 and 1994 (using the techniques of the ECPR Party Manifestos Group Project). The research finds that the two dimensions were salient across the whole period, explains why the party families converged on pro-European positions by the 1990s and discovers the emergence of a triangular 'core' of EU politics. (European Journal of Political Research / FUB)

Die Europäische Union ist ein wichtiger Teil des europäischen Integrationsprozesses. Die EU-Kommission ist für die Vorlage von Gesetzesvorschlägen und die Überwachung des Gemeinsamen Marktes zuständig. Parlament und Rat verabschieden gemeinsam die Gesetze. Dabei kooperieren sie eng mit gesellschaftlichen Akteuren, teils auch mit regionalen und lokalen Verwaltungsebenen.

This article describes and analyses the regulatory frameworks and the current pluralism protection policies in the United States and several countries of the European Union (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain). The data obtained allowed a qualitative assessment to be carried out, through a comparative analysis, in order to identify certain similarities and some significant differences. Thus, it was found that pluralism protection is a common denominator in the communication policies of these countries. However, regulatory and legislative differences depend on social, geographical and media contexts, and time variations in the application of policies depend on audiovisual media market liberalisation processes.

Government debt development is a timeless issue in economics that has gained even more attention in light of the global financial crisis and the Covid 19 pandemic crisis. The following paper uses several specifications of a logistic probability model to examine the key determinants underlying substantial public debt reductions in Central and Eastern European EU Member States for the period 1996–2020. The results suggest that fiscal adjustments are more likely to be successful in reducing public debt if they are based on expenditure cuts rather than revenue increases. In this context, cuts in social benefits and government employee compensation prove to be particularly effective. In addition, favourable economic growth rates increase the probability of a substantial reduction in government debt.

We analyse whether there is a relationship between EU Commissioners' national origin and political outcomes. For this purpose, we argue that examining the Commissioner for Agriculture allows the most precise empirical identification: there is a specific budget for agriculture which accounts for the largest share of the overall EU budget and gives significant leeway to the Commissioner. On average, providing the Commissioners is associated with increases in the share of the overall EU budget that is allocated to their country of origin of about one percentage point. This increase corresponds to half a billion Euro per year, a significant change in particular for smaller member states. Alternative explanations are considered using country-specific time trends, examining pre- and post-treatment trends and modeling endogenous treatment-selection. There are no significant differences in trend behavior between treated and non-treated countries both before and after providing the Commissioner. We demonstrate that our results are not driven by individual countries and show that selection-on-unobservables would have to be implausibly high to account for the estimated coefficient.

Verschiedene Ansätze der Ökonomik und der Politikwissenschaft werden in dieser Arbeit kombiniert, um die Hintergründe für die unterschiedliche Beteiligung der einzelnen Mitgliedsländer im regionalen Integrationsprozess in einer interdisziplinären Sichtweise untersuchen zu können. Zentrales Instrumentarium ist ein entwickeltes Integrationsschema bestehend aus Innen- und Außenverhältnis. Hier werden bestimmte Umstände und Bedingungen sowohl auf der Ebene des Mitglieds -/Beitritts - Landes (Innenverhältnis) als auch auf der länderübergreifenden Ebene (Außenverhältnis) im Hinblick auf einen bestimmten (angestrebten) Integrationsraum betrachtet. Bezug genommen wird dabei auf die wirtschaftlichen Interessengruppen, die eine intermediäre Funktion zwischen politischen und ökonomischen Systemen auf den verschiedenen Ebenen dieses Integrationsraumes innehaben. Unterschiedliche Parameter werden definiert: Im Innenverhältnis erfolgt so die Darstellung der integrationsfördernden und -hemmenden Bedingungen auf der jeweiligen landesbezogenen Ebene, im Außenverhältnis werden der Grad der Handelsverflechtung, die formellen Bedingungen der Handelsbeeinflussung und Gestaltung des Integrationsraumes sowie der bestehende organisationsbezogene Rahmen auf dieser Ebene untersucht. Die Auseinandersetzung mit diesen einzelnen Parametern im Innen- und Außenverhältnis zeigt bestimmte Zusammenhänge in der Ausprägung dieser Größen. Sie legt den Schluss nahe, dass diese in einer bestimmten Beziehung zueinander stehen, interagieren und dadurch unterschiedliche Aussagen zum Verhältnis der Systeme im Integrationsschema implizieren. Mit der Festlegung eines Integrationsindexes einmal im Innenverhältnis und einmal im Außenverhältnis wird diese Beziehung konkretisiert und mit der inhaltlichen Bestimmung der Interdependenz in der Gegenüberstellung dieser Größen die Analyse der Stellung der einzelnen Länder in diesem Prozess ermöglicht. Die entwickelten Parameter werden im Sinne von Ressourcen in ein Handlungsmodell eingefügt. Sie können so als unterschiedliche Bedingungen der wirtschaftlichen Interessengruppen im Integrationsprozess auf der nationalen wie intergouvernementalen/supranationalen Ebene verstanden werden. Mit der Anwendung des erweiterten Becker-Ansatzes im Blickfeld der Ergebnisse des akteurzentrierten Institutionalismus erfolgt die Umsetzung in eine handlungsorientierte Betrachtung. Mithilfe dieser Konzeption wird im Anschluss eine Analyse der Europäischen Union und unterschiedlicher Entwicklungen innerhalb dieses Integrationsraumes vorgenommen. ; Different methods of economical and political science are combined to analyse the backgrounds for the different participation of the single member countries in the European integration process in an interdisciplinary view. The main concept is based on an integration scheme. The developed parameters are defined as resources of interest groups in an interaction model.

We analyse whether there is a relationship between EU Commissioners' national origin and political outcomes. For this purpose, we argue that examining the Commissioner for Agriculture allows the most precise empirical identification: there is a specific budget for agriculture which accounts for the largest share of the overall EU budget and gives significant leeway to the Commissioner. On average, providing the Commissioners is associated with increases in the share of the overall EU budget that is allocated to their country of origin of about one percentage point. This increase corresponds to half a billion Euro per year, a significant change in particular for smaller member states. Alternative explanations are considered using country-specific time trends, examining pre- and post-treatment trends and modeling endogenous treatment-selection. There are no significant differences in trend behavior between treated and non-treated countries both before and after providing the Commissioner. We demonstrate that our results are not driven by individual countries and show that selection-on-unobservables would have to be implausibly high to account for the estimated coefficient.

The aim of the article is to identify the nature of the influence of European law on Russian legal system, carried out in the framework of the impact on the Russian legislation, the Russian Federation's participation in the European legal processes and the traditional reception of the positive European experience in the field of law. Package and systemic approaches are used as the methodological basis of research to the analysis of the legal problems associated with the international obligations resulting from the need to implement the European legal standards into the Russian legal system. In the article the thesis is substantiated according to which the influence of European law on the legal system of Russia is the Europeanization of the Russian legal culture in general, as well as in the modernization of legislation on the basis of European standards and the Europeanisation of the Russian judicial practice. ; peer-reviewed