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The present research focuses on possible contrasting variables, explaining the actual "marital status" (family‐controlled or family‐owned). The study uses specific law‐prescribed disclosed information in Greek interims reports from corporates by admission of securities to The Athens Stock Exchange Market – ASE. The explanative variables vary among the type of the disclosed information (narrative, administrative and financial). Non‐family firms are "telling" more than "family‐clans" in general, have significantly more relatives in the firm's management, but not so much staff, whether tertiary educated or not. Finally the family firms are average wise smaller but with more strategic or holistic business orientation.

Starting with an overview of possible solutions to the problem of social order, the author presents a non-acritical reconstruction of Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology of intersubjectivity as a sympathetic alternative to Habermas's theory of communicative action. By means of a detailed analysis of the concept of empathy (Einfühlung), he shows that Husserl's phenomenology of intersubjectivity offers a triple foundation of the sciences. As a warrant of the objectivity of the world, it grounds the natural sciences; as a presupposition of sociality, it founds the social sciences; as mediated by culture, it grounds the social sciences as human sciences.

This article reviews international, European and national regulation of transnational primary and secondary collective action. There is no explicit provision mentioning the right to international primary or secondary collective action in the relevant international instruments. Within the European Union, several legally binding instruments refer to the right to collective action but none explicitly refers to transnational secondary action. An overview of national regulation of international secondary action shows that at least some countries require or will require that transnational action be subject to the same limitations as those laid down for national secondary action. The possibility for legitimate transnational collective action needs to be clarified.

Some analysts use sequential dominance criteria, and others use equivalence scales in combination with non‐sequential dominance tests, to make welfare comparisons of joint distributions of income and needs. In this paper we present a new sequential procedure which copes with situations in which sequential dominance fails. We also demonstrate that the recommendations deriving from the sequential approach are valid for distributions of equivalent income whatever equivalence scale the analyst might adopt. Thus, the paper marries together the sequential and equivalizing approaches, seen as alternatives in much previous literature. All results are specified in forms that allow for demographic differences in the populations being compared.

Dès sa création en 1988, par sa vocation universelle (en rupture avec la majorité des dispositifs de garantie de ressources), le RMI s'est imposé comme l'instrument majeur de lutte contre la pauvreté et d'adaptation du système aux nouvelles formes d'emploi et à la non-linéarité des cycles de vie. Différents travaux de recherche consacrés au RMI ont montré que cette loi a modifié les représentations résiduelles de la pauvreté et les logiques des acteurs dans leurs parcours d'insertion et d'employabilité, et qu'elle a entraîné une recomposition des logiques institutionnelles de prise en charge, contribuant de cette manière à un renouvellement des approches de la question sociale.

To be explained are the Great Power versus Great Power wars, 1816–1989. Familiar strands of 'realist' thinking are twisted into a good simple balances of power theory to explain peace, war and the extent of war. The evidence, quantitative and qualitative, is that non-separated approximate equals in power capabilities formed dangerous balances. Generally, would-be-combatant great powers used alliances to restrain stronger third parties and to add the capabilities of weaker states to their own. The critical importance of political geography, a state's political capacity, and alliance commitments to the balance of power are made plain.

Abstract. We investigate the policy role that could be assigned to money stock in controlling the price level in four South Asian countries, namely, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The problem of policy assignment associated with the Granger non‐causality tests is pointed out. Various forms of exogeneity are tested. Money stocks (M1 and M2), consumer price index (CPI) and real GDP are cointegrated and causally related but we find overwhelming evidence of endogeneity of money. The endogeneity of money does not support the authorities' policy stance of controlling price level through the control of money stock.

Sur la base d'une critique de la thèse de Braverman sur la déqualification du travail et d'une analyse des débats récents sur la question, cet article veut contribuer à repenser la notion de qualification du travail. Pour ce faire, les auteures examinent l'évolution des qualifications pour les emplois administratifs dans le secteur de l'éducation au Québec. Elles tentent, au-delà d'une analyse de l'évolution de l'organisation du travail, une analyse de l'évolution du contenu du travail informatisé. La constatation d'un problème lié à la non reconnaissance des nouvelles qualifications les amène à conclure sur le caractère social et conflictuel de la notion de qualification.

Le présent article retrace les étapes marquantes de l'institutionnalisation du droit de refus au Québec, de sa conceptualisation en 1978 à son utilisation dans plus de 1 200 cas depuis 1981. C'est l'évolution du champ normatif devant guider la justification ou non d'un refus par les inspecteurs qui fut l'enjeu principal des cinq premières années d'application de la mesure. Les notions de danger, de normalité des conditions de travail et de conditions personnelles furent largement débattues et précisées. Nouveau mode d'expression des risques pour les travailleurs et nouveau mode de régulation pour l'État, le droit de refus a ainsi connu une réduction de sa portée.

This article examines the relationship among voluntary labour supply and commercial income for Norwegian sport voluntary organizations. Empirical results using cross–sectional data on voluntary sport organizations in Norway and on their members show a decrease in voluntary work from an increase in commercial income. Voluntary work and commercial income appear as substitutable resources. Nevertheless, the results have to be differentiated according to the professional situation of the volunteers.A crowding out effect between voluntary work and commercial resources is at play for non–professionally active individuals whereas professionally active individuals seem to be indifferent to the level of commercial resources in deciding whether to volunteer or not.

Manufacturing companies, in searching for new approaches to retain customers, are increasingly using service as a differentiator and as a means of integrating themselves into the customers' supply chain systems. This study is pivotal in exploring the concept of employing service quality in a non‐service industry to raise switching barriers and to create customer longevity. A survey of the UK steel industry has revealed that the higher the level of perceived quality of service, the higher the expressed intended loyalty. For steel managers, this research has highlighted the importance of establishing a relationship strategy through service enhancement to foster customer loyalty.

AbstractThis paper explores the emergence of organization from individuals' interactions in a collective. Its focus is on small collectives like teams. Organization is explained as an outcome of both self‐organization and design. Self‐organization requires stretching environments and also commitment of individuals to the interests of the collective. As interactions produce organization individuals are constituted as autonomous and non‐autonomous roles participating in processes of constitution and production. The interest in these processes is that they help understanding the embodiment of knowledge to produce organizations with desirable properties. This understanding triggers a reflection about research and design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractNew optical methods of studying the infant brain have been developed over the last 20 years. These techniques make use of a window of transparency of biological tissue to near infrared light. Using spectrophotometry new insights have been gained into mechanisms of brain damage in newborn infants undergoing intensive care, and non‐invasive functional activation studies have been pioneered in awake infants. Recently topographic mapping of activated cortex has become possible, and preliminary tomographic images of regional oxygenation in infants have been constructed. This is a rapidly changing field which offers exciting possibilities for studying both normal and abnormal child development.

Corporate governance practices in family businesses (FB) remain a research domain with many unsolved questions. Nonetheless, researchers agree that corporate governance practices are important for family–backed companies. Different family ownership structures and different family generations influence the governance structures installed. So far, no research has been conducted on corporate governance characteristics among Flemish family companies. This study explores the relationships between ownership structure, board and management practices to find out where Flemish family businesses differ from non–family businesses (NFB). Additionally, this research investigates to what extent differences can be found within the group of family businesses based on family ownership and family generation.

We discuss the management of catastrophe‐risks from a theoretical point of view. The concept of a catastrophe is informally and formally defined, and a number of desiderata for catastrophe‐averse decision rules are introduced. However, the proposed desiderata turn out to be mutually inconsistent. As a consequence of this result, it is argued that the ``rigid'' form of catastrophe aversion articulated by, for example, the maximin rule, the maximum probable loss rule, (some versions of) the precautionary principle, and the rule proposed in Ekenberget al.(1997, 2000) should be given up. An alternative form of ``non‐rigid'' catastrophe aversion is considered.