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Abstract Aims: The clinical effectiveness of primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is under debate. The EUropean Comparative Effectiveness Research to Assess the Use of Primary ProphylacTic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (EU‐CERT‐ICD) aims to assess its current clinical value. Methods and results: The EU‐CERT‐ICD is a prospective investigator‐initiated non‐randomized, controlled, multicentre observational cohort study performed in 44 centres across 15 European Union countries. We will recruit 2250 patients with ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy and a guideline indication for primary prophylactic ICD implantation. This sample will include 1500 patients at their first ICD implantation and 750 patients who did not receive a primary prevention ICD despite having an indication for it (non‐randomized control group). The primary endpoint is all‐cause mortality; the co‐primary endpoint in ICD patients is time to first appropriate shock. Secondary endpoints include sudden cardiac death, first inappropriate shock, any ICD shock, arrhythmogenic syncope, revision procedures, quality of life, and cost‐effectiveness. At baseline (and prior to ICD implantation if applicable), all patients undergo 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and Holter ECG analysis using multiple advanced methods for risk stratification as well as detailed documentation of clinical characteristics and laboratory values. Genetic biobanking is also organized. As of August 2018, baseline data of 2265 patients are complete. All subjects will be followed for up to 4.5 years. Conclusions: The EU‐CERT‐ICD study will provide a necessary update about clinical effectiveness of primary prophylactic ICD implantation. This study also aims for improved risk stratification and patient selection using clinical and ECG risk markers.

none ; 1 ; Authors: Knaster J., Arbeiter F., Cara P., Favuzza P., Furukawa T., Groeschel F., Heidinger R., Ibarra A., Matsumoto H., Mosnier A., Serizawa H., Sugimoto M., Suzuki H., Wakai E. ; The Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities (EVEDA) for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF), an international collaboration under the Broader Approach Agreement between Japan Government and EURATOM, aims at allowing a rapid construction phase of IFMIF in due time with an understanding of the cost involved. The three main facilities of IFMIF (1) the Accelerator Facility, (2) the Target Facility and (3) the Test Facility are the subject of validation activities that include the construction of either full scale prototypes or smartly devised scaled down facilities that will allow a straightforward extrapolation to IFMIF needs. By July 2013, the engineering design activities of IFMIF matured with the delivery of an Intermediate IFMIF Engineering Design Report (IIEDR) supported by experimental results. The installation of a Linac of 1.125 MW (125 mA and 9 MeV) of deuterons started in March 2013 in Rokkasho (Japan). The world's largest liquid Li test loop is running in Oarai (Japan) with an ambitious experimental programme for the years ahead. A full scale high flux test module that will house ∼1000 small specimens developed jointly in Europe and Japan for the Fusion programme has been constructed by KIT (Karlsruhe) together with its He gas cooling loop. A full scale medium flux test module to carry out on-line creep measurement has been validated by CRPP (Villigen). © 2013 IAEA, Vienna. ; none ; 10840/4982 ; Favuzza, P. ; Favuzza, P.

This study aims to determine (1) the level of community resilience to flooding in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency in 2018; (2) community adaptation strategies to flood disasters in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency in 2018; and (3) efforts to improve resilience and adaptation to flood disasters.The population in this study were all villages in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency. The sample used was flood-affected communities in each village by purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using survey methods. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire and interview. Data analysis uses scorring techniques.The results of the study are as follows. (1) Resilience of the Trucuk Subdistrict community against flooding has moderate resilience (52.86 - 62.38) and high resilience (65.89 - 75.13). the distribution of resilience is moderate namely there are 6 villages consisting of the village of Kandangan, Sumbang cucumber, Kanten, Pagerwesi, Padang, and Guyangan. For high resilience there are 6 villages consisting of Sumberjo, Mori, Tulungrejo, Trucuk, Sranak, and Banjarsari villages. (2) Adaptation strategies undertaken by the Trucuk District community in dealing with floods are physical and non-physical adaptations. The physical adaptation carried out by the community and the government is to improve physical conditions, such as elevating houses, repairing irrigation networks, building dams, and building embankments along rivers. Non-physical adaptation carried out by the community and the government is the existence of an early warning system in detecting the danger of flooding and community preparedness in dealing with floods, such as mutual cooperation and mutual assistance in all matters before and after the flood. (3) efforts to improve resilience and adaptation to flood disasters.

This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 645763. ; This conceptual paper is concerned with the outcomes of the financialization of non-financial firms, and particularly with the role of institutions in shaping these outcomes. It centers on the question of whether the institutional setting of economies can be expected to moderate the effects of financialization on companies' employment practices, investment decisions, R&D activities, and value chain. To approach this question, I first sketch out the concept of financialization and its meaning when considering its firm-level implications. I then draw on the literature on comparative institutional theory to identify two opposite institutional settings, liberal market economies and coordinated market economies. In a third step I combine empirical findings from the literature with theoretical reasoning, to hypothesize about how the outcomes of financialization on the firm-level differ between liberal and coordinated economies, developing two different scenarios about the trajectory of firm-level financialization in coordinated market economies. Finally, I discuss the implications of these scenarios for our understanding of financialization and its connection to institutional environments. Overall, the paper argues that taking an institutionally comparative perspective on financialization alerts us to the possibility that financialization does not represent a uniform process causing the same outcomes to manifest in non-financial corporations around the globe. Instead, as the financialization of firms takes place in diverse institutional settings, associated practices will have to be adapted to local institutions enabling and constraining them.

International audience ; En novembre 2018, dans toute la France, des hommes et des femmes se sont mobilisés pour dire non à l'augmentation des taxes et enclencher un mouvement unique dans l'Histoire du pays : celui des « gilets jaunes » avec leurs blocages, leurs manifestations et leurs actions. Au fi l des semaines ils se sont appropriés les ronds-points des zones péri-urbaines pour en faire les lieux de vie, les places publiques, les médias, les ateliers et les totems d'une autre France. Ensemble ils ont participé à la fabrique d'une utopie concrète où il est souvent question de fraternité et de fi erté retrouvée. Avec d'autres ils ont étoffé leurs revendications, expérimenté la démocratie, s'engageant en politique tout en se défendantd'en faire. C'est la vie de l'un de ces ronds-points, le parcours des femmes et des hommes qui l'occupent, l'habitent, leurs histoires, leurs productions, leurs rapports avec les autres, leurs espoirs et leurs doutes qui sont racontés ici. De novembre 2018 à avril 2019, cinq mois de la vie d'un groupe en résonnance avec d'autres ailleurs en France et dans le monde, défi lent. Des témoignages et des réfl exions pour rendre compte de l'énergie d'un groupe et des aspirations de celles et ceux qui un jour ont décidé de dire non. Ensemble ils ont réussi le tour de force de rendre visible le combat d'une partie de la population que l'on disait « invisible », imposant certains sujets sur l'agenda politique, aménageant et habitant des lieux aussi inhospitaliers que les rondspoints, développant un art populaire et contribuant à un nouveau « design démocratique ».

ABSTRACTProtection of sustainable food agriculture land is an efforts in order to control the high rate of conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, as well as food security and sovereignty. In addition, agricultural land has a very strategic role and function for the people of Bogor District who are agrarian because there are a large number of residents of Bogor District who depend on the agricultural sector. This study aims to formulate the strategy of the Bogor District Government through a strategy to control the transformation of sustainable food agricultural land to meet the level of food sufficiency and protect from the rate of land conversion. To achieve these objectives, a review needs to be done to check the availability of agricultural land, with the formulation of Analytical Hierarchy Process for policy development decisionKeywords: agricultural land conversion, agricultural land protection strategy.ABSTRAKPerlindungan lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan merupakan salah satu upaya dalam rangka pengendalian terhadap tingginya laju alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke lahan non-pertanian. Serta terkait pula dengan ketahanan dan kedaulatan pangan. Disamping itu, lahan pertanian memiliki peran dan fungsi yang sangat strategis bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Bogor yang bercorak agraris karena terdapat sejumlah besar penduduk Kabupaten Bogor yang menggantungkan hidup pada sektor pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi Pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor melalui strategi pengendalian alihfungsi lahan pertanian pangan berkelanjutan guna memenuhi tingkat kecukupan pangan dan melindungi dari laju konversi lahan. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka dilakukan tinjauan terhadap ketersediaan lahan peruntukan pertanian, dengan perumusan Proses Hirarki Analitik untuk keputusan pengembangan kebijakanKata Kunci : alihfungsi lahan pertanian, strategi perlindungan lahan pertanian

Der kleinste gemeinsame Nenner aller Spaces ist es, physische Räume für Menschen mit ähnlichen Interessen zu sein, in denen gemeinschaftlicher Austausch, Arbeit an Projekten und Lernen außerhalb etablierter Institutionen stattfinden können. Neben kulturellen Wurzeln und der grundlegenden Ethik, die diese Organisationen eint, führt der vorliegende Beitrag ein in die lebendige und permanent in Bewegung befindliche (Selbst-)Benennungskultur der verschiedenen Spaces. Im Fokus stehen dabei Hackerspaces, die in den frühen 1990ern in den USA auftauchten und in denen sich Technikinteressierte in mehr oder weniger versteckten "Klublokalen" organisierten, um Wissen auszutauschen und gemeinsame Projekte umzusetzen. Und heute? Sind die Organisationen, die sich aktuell selbst als Hackerspaces, aber auch als Makerspaces, FabLabs, HackLabs, TechShops oder Computer Clubhouses definieren, kommerzielle Einrichtungen oder Non-Profit-Organisationen? Einer Dachorganisation zugehörig oder Einzelkämpfer? Politisch engagiert oder nicht? Der einzige Weg herauszufinden, wofür ein Space steht, so die Autorin des vorliegenden Beitrages, ist, hinzugehen und es herauszufinden. (DIPF/Orig.) ; The least common denominator of all spaces is to be a physical space for people with similar interests in which community exchange, work on projects and learning can take place outside of established institutions. This article introduces the cultural roots and basic ethic that unites these organisations and the vibrant, permanently in motion (self-)defining culture of the different spaces. The focus is on hackerspaces that emerged in the U.S. in the early nineties in which technology fans organised themselves into more or less secret "clubs" to exchange knowledge and carry out joint projects. And today? Are the organisations that define themselves as hackerspaces and also makerspaces, fab labs, hacklabs, tech shops or computer clubhouses commercial entities or non-profit organisations? Do they belong to an umbrella organisation or are they lone wolves? Are they politically active or not? The author of this article concludes that the only way to find out what a space stands for is to go and find out for oneself. (DIPF/Orig.)

none ; 1 ; Authors: Lucey N.M., Lombardi C., Florio M., Rundle S.D., Calosi P., Gambi M.C. ; Low-pH vent systems are ideal natural laboratories to study the consequences of long-term low-pH exposure on marine species and thus identify life-history traits associated with low-pH tolerance. This knowledge can help to inform predictions on which types of species may be less vulnerable in future ocean acidification (OA) scenarios. Accordingly, we investigated how traits of calcifying polychaete species (Serpulidae, Spirorbinae) varied with pH using a functional trait analysis at 2 natural pH gradients around the Castello Aragonese islet off Ischia, Italy. We first observed the distribution and abundance patterns of all calcifying polychaete epiphytes in the canopy of Posidonia oceanica seagrass across these gradients. We then used laboratory trials to compare fecundity, settlement success, and juvenile survival in the dominant species from a control (Pileolaria militaris Claparède, 1870) and a low-pH site (Simplaria sp.). We found significantly higher reproductive output, juvenile settlement rates, and juvenile survival in Simplaria sp. individuals from the low-pH site, compared to P. militaris individuals from control pH sites, when observed in their respective in situ pH conditions. Our results suggest that tolerance to low pH may result, in part, from traits associated with successful reproduction and rapid settlement under low-pH conditions. This finding implies that other species with similar life-history traits may respond similarly, and should be targeted for future OA tolerance research. © Inter-Research 2018. ; none ; 10840/9453 ; Lombardi, C. ; Florio, M.; Lombardi, C.

none ; 1 ; Authors: Bonfà F., Salvatori S., Benedetti M., Introna V., Ubertini S. ; Compressed air is one of the principal means for energy and material transport in today's industries. On average, the incidence of the compressed air systems is around 10% of total energy consumption but in some cases can reach 25%. Nevertheless, there are still no available energy performance benchmarks based on measured industrial data, taking into consideration actual operating conditions, and referred to compressed air production and, most of all, use. In 2015 the Italian transposition of the European Directive 2012/27/EU (i.e. Legislative Decree 102/2014) allowed to require energy audit to large and energy intensive enterprises. First analyses, aimed at developing energy performance indicators, showed some limitations in data collection. For these reasons, a questionnaire has been composed in order to identify the actions to be undertaken, we need to start from "specific" consumption by type of production. In particular, the questionnaire has made possible to identify some necessary actions to develop a rational compressed air production and use management system using measuring systems suitable for monitoring and controlling operations. The survey is aimed at the energetic analysis of the operating conditions of the compressors and their technical characteristics for a sample of companies, selected among those with a compressed air consumption of 5% EE. The present study aims to define a measurement procedure that will ensure the availability of the necessary data for proper benchmarking of energy performance in production and use of compressed air. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ; none ; 10840/9334 ; Bonfà, F. ; Bonfà, F.

none ; 4 ; Authors: Ciucci A., D'Elia I., Wagner F., Sander R., Ciancarella L., Zanini G., Schöpp W. ; In recent years several European air pollution policies have been based on a cost-effectiveness approach. In the European Union, the European Commission starts using the multi-pollutant, multi-effect GAINS (Greenhouse Gas Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model to identify cost-effective National Emission Ceilings and specific emission control measures for each Member State to reach these targets. In this paper, we apply the GAINS methodology to the case of Italy with 20 subnational regions. We present regional results for different approaches to environmental target setting for PM2.5 pollution in the year 2030. We have obtained these results using optimization techniques consistent with those of GAINS-Europe, but at a higher resolution. Our results show that an overall health-impact oriented approach is more cost-effective than setting a nation-wide limit value on ambient air quality, such as the one set for the year 2030 by the European Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. The health-impact oriented approach implies additional emission control costs of 153 million €/yr on top of the baseline costs, compared to 322 million €/yr for attaining the nation-wide air quality limit. We provide insights into the distribution of costs and benefits for regions within Italy and identify the main beneficiaries of a health-impact approach over a limit-value approach. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. ; none ; 10840/7815 ; Zanini, G.; Ciancarella, L.; D'Elia, I.; Ciucci, A. ; Zanini, G.; Ciancarella, L.; D'Elia, I.; Ciucci, A.

The forms of global political transition contradict each other. The Western leadership of the world seems to be in decline, with the US political and military hegemony being challenged by the rise of China and other emerging powers and with global power structures evolving towards multipolarity. At the same time, however, there are increasing signs of a diffusion of state power. It involves a growing group of non-state actors challenging state power in very different forms and different capacities. This report focuses on the axis of state power considered the most important in terms of its global implications: the relationship between the US and China. This relationship is studied with the aim of assessing how the mutual interdependencies are evolving, and what the goals of the two actors look like in respect of their own global role. The implications of this power transition in the key fields of global governance – also covering the simultaneous diffusion of power to non-state actors – forms another relevant topic under review in the global context. Lastly, the report analyses how the EU contends with these forms of power transition and safeguards its own influence in this changing environment. The project also addresses the international role and influence of one of the northernmost EU members, Finland. It investigates how the changes in the global and regional setting should be understood from the Finnish point of view and how Finland should act in order to consolidate its international role in economic as well as political terms. ; -- Introduction -- The changing international system -- The EU in the context of the changing global order -- The changing international system: implications for Finland

Republic of Mauritius. Findings would encourage wider e-participation and e-inclusion into policy-making from all segments of the population. Methodology: A stratified random sample of 310 users and non-users of e-government was used. Logistic regression was estimated. The non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the Nagelkerke R2 of 0.538 imply that the logit model is useful in predicting the e-government divide. Main Findings: The classification table shows 81% correct classification. All Wald Chi-Square statistics are reported. This research reveals that marital status and gender do not predict the e-government divide. Age (p<0.01), education (p<0.001), middle income range (p<0.05), dwellership (p<0.01) and public sector employment (p<0.05) affect a citizen's decision to adopt e-government. The massive investments in e-government initiatives cannot be justified as these have not catered for universal coverage. Young citizens are 20 times more likely than old citizens to adopt e-government. Implications/Applications: The tendency to use e-government increases as more education is acquired. Rural dwellership almost triples the odds of e-government adoption although these citizens are less educated than their urban counterparts. Public sector employees are 3.6 times more likely to use government websites than the self-employed. Monthly income earners of Rs 20001 to Rs 35000 are 3.3 times more likely to use e-government services than those earning up to Rs 10000. This study is ground-breaking and challenges the belief that rural dwellers are marginalized and reinforces the importance of education within the theoretical framework of the e-government divide.

International audience ; We propose to carry out a chronological overview of homosexuality's representation, both female and male, in Portuguese cinema. Given the peripheral situation of Portugal, its cinema will be, throughout the 20th century, poor in number of productions. While the cinema of the 1920s opened a breach in the representation of homosexual characters, the dictatorship of the Estado Novo will be radical in this matter, censoring any representation of non-normative sexualities on screen. It was not until the end of Estado Novo and the cultural effervescence of the Noite, the Portuguese Movida, that a queer cinematography emerged, quickly taken aback by political tensions and the emergence of AIDS. Consequently, the representativeness of queers will be dependent on political and social changes, with notable advances from the 2000s. ; Nous nous proposons d'effectuer un balayage diachronique de la représentation de l'homosexualité, tant féminine que masculine, dans le cinéma portugais. Étant donné la situation périphérique du Portugal et de son 7 e art, son cinéma sera, durant tout le XX e siècle, pauvre en nombre de productions. Alors que le cinéma des années 1920 ouvrait une brèche en ce qui concerne la figuration de personnages homosexuels, la dictature de l'État Nouveau sera radicale en la matière, censurant toute représentation des sexualités non normatives à l'écran. Il faudra donc attendre la Révolution des OEillets et l'effervescence culturelle de la Noite lisboète pour que pointe une cinématographie queer, rapidement prise de cours par les tensions politiques et l'apparition du SIDA. Dès lors, la représentativité des queers sera tributaire des changements d'ordre politique et sociaux, avec des avancées notables à partir des années 2000.

Background: Pressures to keep immigration rates at relatively high levels are likely to persist in most developed countries. At the same time, immigrant cohorts are becoming more and more diverse, leading host societies to become increasingly heterogeneous across multiple dimensions. For scholars who study demographic or socio-economic behaviours, the need to account for ethno-cultural "super-diversity" brings new challenges. Objective: The main objective of this paper is to present a framework for the prospective analysis of super-diversity in several high immigration countries. Methods: We developed microsimulation models that simultaneously project several population dimensions for Canada, the United States and countries of the European Union, with the aim of studying the consequences of alternate future population and migration trends. Results: The paper presents the projected progression of three indicators of diversity: percentage of foreign-born population, percentage of the population using a non-official language at home and percentage of non-Christians. It also examines the projected changes in the labour force by education levels and language. Using alternative scenarios, we also show that the proportion of highly educated in the US and EU28 labour force could increase by 11 and 15 percentage points respectively if future immigrants were selected as in Canada. Finally, the paper proposes a new longitudinal indicator that counts the number of years lived as active and inactive over the life course for foreign- and native-born cohorts. Contribution: The microsimulation models provide much more informative results than more traditional cohort-component models to study the future effects of ethno-cultural super-diversity on high immigration countries.

Developing administrative and financial mechanisms to achieve transparency and compliance with legal frameworks related to mine operation and closure is a major challenge. Ensuring the appropriate level of disclosure, transparency, and accountability of all compliant and non-compliant parties, and accessibility of this information to external interested parties is a cornerstone of achieving a well-governed minerals sector. This research investigates mining company voluntary environmental disclosures in Zambia as an indicator of how the EITI (Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative) may or may not achieve transparency and accountability. Our research findings drew on three sources: literature review, qualitative primary data with EITI and government officials and content analysis to compare public environmental reporting via company websites of a total of 27 mining companies operating in Zambia. Our analysis found that non-EITI and EITI selected companies disclose similar provisions for environmental liabilities at country, subsidiary, or multinational level. While EITI compliance may improve the environmental financial disclosure by mining companies, the detail and specificity of the voluntarily disclosed information is insufficiently transparent to third parties investigating whether governments and companies are compliant with the law in terms of environmental and governance considerations. We propose solutions to achieve transparency in practice by linking aggregated international voluntary initiatives (akin to the EITI) with mandatory jurisdiction-level reforms in mining financial securities and mine closure legislation accounted at the tenement level that is publicly available. Such reforms enable both independent accounting of financial transactions and improved national capacity for minerals sector governance that attracts international investment and incentivises an innovative, environmentally sustainable, and an economically beneficial mining industry. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion