Suchergebnisse

In this discussion paper, I present an ongoing research-action initiative looking at "Safe City" programs fast spreading across France's urban areas: the Technopolice project. The programs we are documenting consist in research projects as well as on-the-ground experiments where companies from the defence sector or specialised in the operation of network infrastructures, but also global competitors like Huawei and Cisco, can crash-test their "Smart City" security solutions with the support of public authorities, often at the local level and usually without proper legal framework. Applications consist in Big-Data-powered statistics on crime and predictive policing, automatic analysis of video-streams from CCTV cameras (including facial recognition and detection of suspicious behaviours) or of online social networks-technologies for which there is usually a strong IA component. To shed light on these deployments and the public-private assemblages developing them, we have been using FOIA requests and new French laws on "algorithmic transparency". We have engaged in litigation and won a few cases, which in turn is accelerating a process of legalisation. This discussion paper covers the lessons learned as well as the hurdles that our initiative faces, the difficulty in enacting meaningful democratic oversight over these programs as well as on the law enforcement tactics they entrench.

In this discussion paper, I present an ongoing research-action initiative looking at "Safe City" programs fast spreading across France's urban areas: the Technopolice project. The programs we are documenting consist in research projects as well as on-the-ground experiments where companies from the defence sector or specialised in the operation of network infrastructures, but also global competitors like Huawei and Cisco, can crash-test their "Smart City" security solutions with the support of public authorities, often at the local level and usually without proper legal framework. Applications consist in Big-Data-powered statistics on crime and predictive policing, automatic analysis of video-streams from CCTV cameras (including facial recognition and detection of suspicious behaviours) or of online social networks-technologies for which there is usually a strong IA component. To shed light on these deployments and the public-private assemblages developing them, we have been using FOIA requests and new French laws on "algorithmic transparency". We have engaged in litigation and won a few cases, which in turn is accelerating a process of legalisation. This discussion paper covers the lessons learned as well as the hurdles that our initiative faces, the difficulty in enacting meaningful democratic oversight over these programs as well as on the law enforcement tactics they entrench.

In this discussion paper, I present an ongoing research-action initiative looking at "Safe City" programs fast spreading across France's urban areas: the Technopolice project. The programs we are documenting consist in research projects as well as on-the-ground experiments where companies from the defence sector or specialised in the operation of network infrastructures, but also global competitors like Huawei and Cisco, can crash-test their "Smart City" security solutions with the support of public authorities, often at the local level and usually without proper legal framework. Applications consist in Big-Data-powered statistics on crime and predictive policing, automatic analysis of video-streams from CCTV cameras (including facial recognition and detection of suspicious behaviours) or of online social networks-technologies for which there is usually a strong IA component. To shed light on these deployments and the public-private assemblages developing them, we have been using FOIA requests and new French laws on "algorithmic transparency". We have engaged in litigation and won a few cases, which in turn is accelerating a process of legalisation. This discussion paper covers the lessons learned as well as the hurdles that our initiative faces, the difficulty in enacting meaningful democratic oversight over these programs as well as on the law enforcement tactics they entrench.

In this discussion paper, I present an ongoing research-action initiative looking at "Safe City" programs fast spreading across France's urban areas: the Technopolice project. The programs we are documenting consist in research projects as well as on-the-ground experiments where companies from the defence sector or specialised in the operation of network infrastructures, but also global competitors like Huawei and Cisco, can crash-test their "Smart City" security solutions with the support of public authorities, often at the local level and usually without proper legal framework. Applications consist in Big-Data-powered statistics on crime and predictive policing, automatic analysis of video-streams from CCTV cameras (including facial recognition and detection of suspicious behaviours) or of online social networks-technologies for which there is usually a strong IA component. To shed light on these deployments and the public-private assemblages developing them, we have been using FOIA requests and new French laws on "algorithmic transparency". We have engaged in litigation and won a few cases, which in turn is accelerating a process of legalisation. This discussion paper covers the lessons learned as well as the hurdles that our initiative faces, the difficulty in enacting meaningful democratic oversight over these programs as well as on the law enforcement tactics they entrench.

In this discussion paper, I present an ongoing research-action initiative looking at "Safe City" programs fast spreading across France's urban areas: the Technopolice project. The programs we are documenting consist in research projects as well as on-the-ground experiments where companies from the defence sector or specialised in the operation of network infrastructures, but also global competitors like Huawei and Cisco, can crash-test their "Smart City" security solutions with the support of public authorities, often at the local level and usually without proper legal framework. Applications consist in Big-Data-powered statistics on crime and predictive policing, automatic analysis of video-streams from CCTV cameras (including facial recognition and detection of suspicious behaviours) or of online social networks-technologies for which there is usually a strong IA component. To shed light on these deployments and the public-private assemblages developing them, we have been using FOIA requests and new French laws on "algorithmic transparency". We have engaged in litigation and won a few cases, which in turn is accelerating a process of legalisation. This discussion paper covers the lessons learned as well as the hurdles that our initiative faces, the difficulty in enacting meaningful democratic oversight over these programs as well as on the law enforcement tactics they entrench.

International audience ; measures of population health-health expectancies in particular-have become a standard for quantifying and monitoring population health. To date, cross-national comparability of health expectancies is limited, except within the European Union (EU). To advance international comparability, the European Joint Action on Healthy Life Years (JA: EHLEIS) set up an international working group. The working group discussed the conceptual basis of summary measures of population health and made suggestions for the development of comparable health expectancies to be used across the EU and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members. In this paper, which summarises the main results, we argue that harmonised health data needed for health expectancy calculation can best be obtained from 'global' survey measures, which provide a snapshot of the health situation using 1 or a few survey questions. We clAim : that 2 global measures of health should be pursued for their high policy relevance: a global measure of participation restriction and a global measure of functional limitation. We finally provide a blueprint for the future development and implementation of the 2 global measures. The blueprint sets the basis for subsequent international collaboration, having as a core group Member States of the EU, the USA and Japan. Other countries, in particular OECD members, are invited to join the initiative.

International audience ; measures of population health-health expectancies in particular-have become a standard for quantifying and monitoring population health. To date, cross-national comparability of health expectancies is limited, except within the European Union (EU). To advance international comparability, the European Joint Action on Healthy Life Years (JA: EHLEIS) set up an international working group. The working group discussed the conceptual basis of summary measures of population health and made suggestions for the development of comparable health expectancies to be used across the EU and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members. In this paper, which summarises the main results, we argue that harmonised health data needed for health expectancy calculation can best be obtained from 'global' survey measures, which provide a snapshot of the health situation using 1 or a few survey questions. We clAim : that 2 global measures of health should be pursued for their high policy relevance: a global measure of participation restriction and a global measure of functional limitation. We finally provide a blueprint for the future development and implementation of the 2 global measures. The blueprint sets the basis for subsequent international collaboration, having as a core group Member States of the EU, the USA and Japan. Other countries, in particular OECD members, are invited to join the initiative.

International audience ; measures of population health-health expectancies in particular-have become a standard for quantifying and monitoring population health. To date, cross-national comparability of health expectancies is limited, except within the European Union (EU). To advance international comparability, the European Joint Action on Healthy Life Years (JA: EHLEIS) set up an international working group. The working group discussed the conceptual basis of summary measures of population health and made suggestions for the development of comparable health expectancies to be used across the EU and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members. In this paper, which summarises the main results, we argue that harmonised health data needed for health expectancy calculation can best be obtained from 'global' survey measures, which provide a snapshot of the health situation using 1 or a few survey questions. We clAim : that 2 global measures of health should be pursued for their high policy relevance: a global measure of participation restriction and a global measure of functional limitation. We finally provide a blueprint for the future development and implementation of the 2 global measures. The blueprint sets the basis for subsequent international collaboration, having as a core group Member States of the EU, the USA and Japan. Other countries, in particular OECD members, are invited to join the initiative.

This paper presents a study of the concepts of transferring computer technology among city governments. A sample of cities from a domestic population and an international population are used as the basis of the research. Contrary to expectation, and for both populations, the survey indicated the level of computer applications transfer among cities was found to be low compared to the amount of total application development. It was determined that an important source of transfer information was from "centers" such as the federal government, vendors, and transfer agencies, rather than city to city. International cities that were studied seem to experience a propensity toward centralized control at the national level. These controls often include the transfer of technical information. Further, the types of transfer may vary widely between the domestic vs the international cities. That is, domestic city transfers tend to be operations-oriented, while transfers from national centers tend to be management oriented. In general the study supported prior conclusions concerning the difficulties of transfer. The problem of mismatch and difficulties in modification make transfers very risky. Even so, there are many persons willing to take the risks in order to try to achieve lower costs and to realize the opportunity to obtain sophisticated applications. © 1979 Technology Transfer Society.

Urgency of the research. The authors solve the following praxeological questions: How do we perceive a dangerous flight situation, a flight incident and an air accident? Which basic stages of the investigation do we use? How to implement a situational management methodology for investigating the circumstances of an air accident? Target setting. The article presents the analysis of the current state of information issues in the investigation of air accident circumstances in the military and civil aviation by using the methodology of situational management of forensic investigation processes. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. An integral part of this development is also the tackling the concept of development of the Air Force, with an emphasis on the training of personnel and the level of the flight operations and the flight safety. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The forensic investigation of air accidents and incidents is perceived as the specific application area of the Forensic Engineering. The research objective. The core output of article is in the proposal of the investigation of air accident circumstances in the military and civil aviation. The statement of basic materials. We use the tools of analysis and synthesis, the expert method with the inductive method based on the close observations and experimentation/investigation in the terrain, in the aviation practice. Conclusions. It is therefore necessary to subject on the permanent pay attention to the theoretical and practical level. Some specific issues addressed in the monograph can be extended with the further proposals and selected issues to address within the scope of research and scientific base of the armed forces. ; Актуальність теми дослідження. Автори вирішують наступні праксеологічні питання: Як ми сприймаємо небезпечну ситуацію в польоті, польот і авіаційну аварію? Які основні етапи дослідження ми використовуємо? Як застосувати методологію ситуативного управління для розслідування обставин авіаційної аварії? Постановка проблеми. У статті проаналізовано сучасний стан інформаційних питань при розслідуванні повітряних аварій у військовій та цивільній авіації з використанням методології ситуаційного управління криміналістичними процесами. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Невід'ємною частиною цього розвитку є також розробка концепції розвитку ВПС з акцентом на підготовку персоналу та рівень польотних операцій та безпеку польотів. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Судово-медичне розслідування авіаційних подій та інцидентів сприймається як специфічна область застосування судової інженерії. Постановка завдання. Основним результатом статті є пропозиція розслідування обставин авіаційних аварій у військовій та цивільній авіації. Виклад основного матеріалу. Ми використовуємо засоби аналізу та синтезу, експертний метод з індуктивним методом, заснований на тісних спостереженнях і експериментах / дослідженні на місцевості, в авіаційній практиці. Висновки. Тому необхідно підпорядкувати постійній увазі теоретичний і практичний рівень. Деякі конкретні питання, що розглядаються в монографії, можуть бути розширені з подальшими пропозиціями та окремими питаннями для розгляду в рамках наукової бази збройних сил.

The extensive literature relating to student barriers within the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields and, in particular, engineering education illustrates that STEM education has a widespread problem in retaining students. A plethora of studies have concentrated on placing the student at the centre of the problem – for example by focusing on student academic ability, work habits and social background. By analysing staff interviews, and investigating pertinent factors from the surrounding institutional, cultural and social environment, I shift the focus away from the phenomenological experience of individuals to examine the way power relations affect the teaching and learning environment. Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) offers a theoretical and methodological basis for critically exploring networks of power, through the investigation of discourse and can provide insights into the complex situation in the School of Engineering and Computer Science (ECS). I use FDA to ask: how is power experienced and manifested by lecturers in the Bachelor of Engineering with Honours (BE) first-year teaching and learning environment at Victoria University of Wellington (VUW), New Zealand. I do this by analysing transcripts of interviews with teaching staff, as well as ECS, University, and Government documentation. By adopting an FDA approach to lecturers' experiences of power, situated in the New Zealand neoliberal educational context, I aim to identify issues that impact the teaching and learning environment. These include academic practices relating to Government and University pressure to increase engineering student recruitment and retention numbers, an academically diverse incoming student cohort, course design, teaching and research. From a Foucauldian perspective, the New Zealand Government, the University, its lecturers, and students are all part of an educational setting comprising a complex network of power relationships active in the operation of the teaching and learning environment. By placing lecturers at the epicentre of the situation and by understanding how lecturers both experience and exercise power in the teaching-learning environment, the issue of student retention may be re-framed. This study offers a unique perspective from which we can assess these problematic experiences at the source, whether that be at government, institution, department, teacher or learner level. As such, by exploring the operation of power, this thesis explores an important aspect of the retention problem which has never been fully investigated in NZ engineering education.

This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of current research on regional competition and co-operation. Developing our current understanding of the new role of regions and their behaviour, this book addresses questions such as: How and why do regions compete? How does competition between border regions operate? Which regions are successful and which regions fail? What are the implications of regional competition in terms of resource allocation, the location of economic activities and the distribution of incomes? The book illuminates a number of critical theoretical end empirical issues relating to the competitive and cooperative nature of regions, as well as highlighting a number of new case studies from a variety of countries

Lean Management is one of the most effective management methodologies. Positively implemented in many Polish companies, it has translated into a significant increase in their efficiency. The results of studies on this topic carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the preceding years have contributed to the recommendation to implement this methodology in circumstances where risk and market uncertainty prevail. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Lean Management, both theoretically and empirically, by showing the results of its application in companies and the factors that contribute to a lack of full efficiency in this regard. Based on the studies that have been carried out, the effectiveness of Lean Management in the operation of management processes of Polish companies will be demonstrated.

AbstractExamining two sets of archived materials that include a corpus of narratives that reflect on the period of apartheid in South Africa and posters used by anti-apartheid activists, the paper teases out the operations of racism and the manifestations of rage on the Black body. Critical discourse analysis and affect as theory and method are applied to trace the work of racism and its affective consequences and resistances. Here affect is deployed to read the terrain of the corporeal and the discursive. Black rage is seen as a response to White supremacy and it has the following outcomes: it can have destructive consequences, can enable psychological release of pent up anger, and can simultaneously be an expression of self-love.

ABSTRACTThe use of the Internet as an additional sales channel offers traditional retailers opportunities to reach expanded markets while improving the efficiency of their operations. Although the potential benefits of the online channel are clear, there are significant variations in the scope and depth of online channel use among retailers. Drawing from data on more than 100 publicly traded companies, this study examines the impact of online‐channel use on retailers' performance. The results suggest that the online channel provides significant improvements in sales, cost, inventory, and return on investments. In addition, we find that the timing of online‐channel adoption does not play a significant role in performance improvement, but having a local store presence does.