Suchergebnisse

The relevance of the study of the living conditions of rural women is related to the actual demographic situation in the Russian hinterland. In rural areas of the Russian Federation there is a stable decline in the population due, first of all, to natural population decrease, as well as migration outflow connected with low standards and quality of life, unattractiveness of labor in rural areas, and social infrastructure. Rural women as a socio-demographic group with typical socio-psychological, ideological, moral and ethno-cultural characteristics, similar spiritual values, social experience and lifestyles, being a more numerous part of the population of rural territories, act as a kind of bulwark for preservation of the village, its culture, traditions and rural economy as a whole. A quarter of all Russian women live in rural areas. Distribution of the country's population by gender and age groups as of January 1, 2019 shows that women predominate in the rural population (52%). And the group of women over working age is twice as large as that of men (6775 thousand against 3230 thousand). In other words, Russian village has actually a female face. In this regard, the study of rural women's issues is very important and timely. The article shows the role of women in the social development of the village, provides excerpts from interviews of rural female activists, their reasoning about how they live despite the difficulties that surround them. It highlights demographic trends in rural areas, assesses the quality of the labor potential of rural residents in comparison with urban residents, and shows a higher level of self-realization in labor activity among women than among men.

THIS STUDY PROPOSES THAT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVE A G REAT EFFECT ON THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION A CITIZEN CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO HAVE ABOUT POLITICS. TAKING A PARTICULAR ITEM OF INFORMATION, THIS RESEARCH COMPARES THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH SYSTEM VARIABLES. THE ITEM UNDER INVESTIGATION IS AWARENESS OF REPRESENTATIVES TO THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE.

First published in 1927, National Character is based upon a course of ten lectures on citizenship, delivered, under the terms of the Stevenson Foundation, in the University and the City of Glasgow during the latter part of 1925 and the beginning of 1926. The author argues that to see how nations have become what they are may be the best way of discovering how they can make themselves other than what they are. Divided into two parts-the material factors and the spiritual factors, the book discusses themes like race, territory and climate, population and occupation, growth of national spirit, law and government, influence of churches, role of literature and thought, and ideas and system of education to understand the factors behind the formation of national character. This is an important historical reference work for scholars and researchers of political studies and political philosophy.

This historical and ethnological research analyzes the history of the Mishars Southern Ural during the period of functioning of the canton's government system in the region, when their estate and ethnic boundaries generally coincided. The historical aspect of the study reflects key milestones of this period between 1798 and 1865, with a brief historical excursion to an earlier period. The paper attempts to reconstruct the process of forming and developing the Mishars' identity, taking into account the identification of factors that had a direct impact on this process. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to comprehensively consider the scantily explored ethnic community – the Mishars of the Southern Ural. Despite the considerable interest of researchers in the ethnic history of the Southern Ural, the Mishars of the region are still mentioned only in passing in research, remaining the least studied ethnic community in the region. They were called meshcheryaks, and they were a special group that occupied an intermediate position between other pripushchenniks and Bashkirs-patrimony. The processes that took place in the life of the Mishars of the Southern Ural are considered against the military-political and social situation in the province and the evolution of the canton's system of government. The author reveals the influence of the canton's period on the completion of the Mishars of the Southern Ural formation as an ethnosocial community. The study also focuses on the transformation of Mishars into a part of "novobashkiry", which, of course, contributed to the blurring of identity. So, after the abolition of the Bashkir army, the process of transferring Mishars to the category of free rural inhabitants was accelerated. This research is relevant, since it has not yet been considered in the scientific community from such a perspective.

Analyzes indicators of gross domestic product, 1998-2000, and discusses possibility of economic growth; policy orientations.