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The convergence of game theory and epistemic logic has been in progress for two decades and this book explores this further by gathering specialists from different professional communities, i.e., economics, mathematics, philosophy, and computer science. This volume considers the issues of knowledge, belief and strategic interaction, with each contribution evaluating the foundational issues. In particular, emphasis is placed on epistemic logic and the representative topics of backward induction arguments and syntax/semantics and the logical omniscience problem. Part I of this collection deals with iterated knowledge in the multi-agent context, and more particularly with common knowledge. The first two papers in Part II of the collection address the so-called logical omniscience problem, a problem which has attracted much attention in the recent epistemic logic literature, and is pertinent to some of the issues discussed by decision theorists under the heading `bounded rationality'. The remaining two chapters of section II provide two quite different angles on the strength of S5 (or the partitional model of information)- and so two different reasons for eschewing the strong form of logical omniscience implicit in S5. Part III gives attention to application to game theory and decision theory

This volume covers the nature and operation of different organs of the constitution. It includes documents dealing with Parliament; the monarchy; the legal system; the Church; the Prime Minister; the Civil Service; and local government. It identifies documents pertaining to key moments of change in the history of these entities

National audience ; On s'intéresse à un problème de routage de paquets dans des réseaux de type chemin, arbre et anneau. Plus spécifiquement, on s'intéresse à la situation o'u n paquets de différentes tailles (ou longueurs) partent d'une même source et ont chacun une destination dans le réseau. On étudie la perte de performance due au fait d'avoir des paquets "individualistes" (chaque paquet veut arriver le plus tôt possible à sa destination) et un réseau complètement décentralisé (chaque lien ne connaît que les paquets qu'il doit router). Cette perte de performance est étudiée dans le cas de différentes politiques d'ordonnancement des liens (par exemple, parmi les paquets qui demandent à être routés sur un lien, le lien ordonnance en premier le plus petit paquet) pour deux problèmes : celui qui consiste à minimiser la date d'arrivée du dernier paquet, et celui qui consiste à minimiser la date d'arrivée moyenne des paquets.

National audience ; On s'intéresse à un problème de routage de paquets dans des réseaux de type chemin, arbre et anneau. Plus spécifiquement, on s'intéresse à la situation o'u n paquets de différentes tailles (ou longueurs) partent d'une même source et ont chacun une destination dans le réseau. On étudie la perte de performance due au fait d'avoir des paquets "individualistes" (chaque paquet veut arriver le plus tôt possible à sa destination) et un réseau complètement décentralisé (chaque lien ne connaît que les paquets qu'il doit router). Cette perte de performance est étudiée dans le cas de différentes politiques d'ordonnancement des liens (par exemple, parmi les paquets qui demandent à être routés sur un lien, le lien ordonnance en premier le plus petit paquet) pour deux problèmes : celui qui consiste à minimiser la date d'arrivée du dernier paquet, et celui qui consiste à minimiser la date d'arrivée moyenne des paquets.

Le Marais de Dol in the 18th century, is a fertile wetland, at least for its upgraded part. With a high agricultural potential, however, it remains fragile and is continually threatened by frequent floods and the flow and reflux of marine waters. The Dol Marais provokes a lot of convoy and is at the heart of conflicts of power between the actors involved in its development and operation, at various levels: the issue of power between the Intendance and the provincial institutions, which is the source of conflicts between those institutions, representing the authority, and its users, and finally, the point of friction between these own users, 'local' and 'foreign'. Beyond these conflicts, it seems that everyone wants the Dol Marsh to be promoted and its sustainability over time, but only the points of view and the means to be used vary. ; International audience ; Le Marais de Dol in the 18th century, is a fertile wetland, at least for its upgraded part. With a high agricultural potential, however, it remains fragile and is continually threatened by frequent floods and the flow and reflux of marine waters. The Dol Marais provokes a lot of convoy and is at the heart of conflicts of power between the actors involved in its development and operation, at various levels: the issue of power between the Intendance and the provincial institutions, which is the source of conflicts between those institutions, representing the authority, and its users, and finally, the point of friction between these own users, 'local' and 'foreign'. Beyond these conflicts, it seems that everyone wants the Dol Marsh to be promoted and its sustainability over time, but only the points of view and the means to be used vary. ; Le Marais de Dol, au XVIIIe siècle, est une zone humide fertile, tout au moins pour sa partie aménagée. Dotée d'un fort potentiel agricole, elle reste néanmoins fragile et est continuellement menacée de disparition par des inondations fréquentes et par le flux et le reflux des eaux marines. Le Marais de Dol suscite bien ...

Preliminary Material /Jonas Ebbesson , Marie Jacobsson , Mark Klamberg , David Langlet and Pål Wrange -- The Use of Force under the un Charter: Modification and Reform through Practice or Consensus /Ove Bring -- Regulating Private Military and Security Companies /Iain Cameron -- The Mandate of the United Nations Security Council in a Changing World /Hans Corell -- Who is Responsible and for How Long?: Final Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and the Obligation to Prevent Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons—A Swedish Perspective /Per Cramér -- Social-Ecological Security and International Law in the Anthropocene /Jonas Ebbesson -- Nonviolent Geopolitics: Law, Politics, and 21st Century Security /Richard Falk -- The Progression of International Law in Fostering the Extraterritorial Prosecution of Child Sex Tourist Offences /David I. Fisher -- Margin of Appreciation and National Security /Pär Hallström -- Syria and the Issue of Chemical Weapons: A Snapshot of a Legal Time-Frame: The United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 (2013) and the opcw Executive Council Decision /Marie Jacobsson -- International Law in the Age of Asymmetrical Warfare, Virtual Cockpits and Autonomous Robots /Mark Klamberg -- Climate Change and International Security /Timo Koivurova -- Law of Sustainable Development in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice /Abdul G. Koroma -- Minerals as Scarce Resources: The Quest for Secure and Sustainable Supply /David Langlet -- The Security Council, the African Union and the International Criminal Court: Anatomy of a Problematic Relationship /Phoebe Okowa -- Off-Shore Wind Energy Development in International Law /Tullio Scovazzi and Ilaria Tani -- The Human Security of Endangered Peoples: Indigenous Groups Living in Isolation and First Contact /Dinah Shelton -- Towards an International Human Rights Judiciary? /Geir Ulfstein -- Intervention in National and Private Cyberspace and International Law /Pål Wrange -- Human Rights before Security in Kadi and Beyond /Inger Österdahl -- Index /Jonas Ebbesson , Marie Jacobsson , Mark Klamberg , David Langlet and Pål Wrange.

The growing role of information technology poses new challenges for the modern state, which include attempts by foreign agents to conduct cyber espionage against government agencies, companies and citizens, as well as the desire of the warring party to undermine important information infrastructure. The relevance of this topic is due to the increasing activity of the People's Republic of China in the global information space, as well as the actions of Chinese government services to ensure internal information security and the organization of cyber attacks on the information infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to assess the course pursued by China on ensuring information security, as well as to identify trends in the perception of threats to national security in the information sphere among representatives of the Chinese political elite. In this regard, the structures in the state apparatus of China that are in charge of this area are considered. Despite the noticeable actions of the representatives of the "fifth generation" of the leaders of the PRC in the aspect of cybersecurity, a single organization has not been formed in the state structure that would be responsible for developing a political course in the information sphere. In addition to the Central Military Council, the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the PRC are engaged in this. At the same time, the structure of the departments responsible for cybersecurity in the last two bodies copies the corresponding structure in the country's armed forces. A special place in ensuring China's cyberspace is given to the Central Leading Group on Cybersecurity and Informatization. The main aspects of protection against information and social threats include: The Golden Shield, the cyber security factor, and state Internet trolling. The study considers not only the political aspect of the issue, but also its technical part.

Since Xi Jinping took the reins of the Chinese Communist Party and as President of the People's Republic of China, the country's domestic and foreign politics have undergone considerable changes. China has become more assertive as an international actor. It has launched new diplomatic initiatives centring on large infrastructure projects, while at the same time contributing to tense relations with many of its neighbouring countries. At home, several pieces of security-related legislation have further constrained the activities of both domestic as well as foreign civil actors. Participating scholars' expertise covers a wide variety of issue areas, ranging from economic policy making to cyberspace politics, and from societal control to military modernization. MERICS Paper on China No. 1 - "China's core executive: leadership styles, structures and processes under Xi Jinping" is an essay collection which offers the most comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date account of the changes to China's core executive under Xi Jinping through its analysis of developments in different policy areas. One observation is dominant – China has moved in further in the direction of top-down, autocratic policy making. The authors – among them renowned experts such as Roderick Mac Farquhar, Barry Naughton, Joseph Fewsmith, You Ji, Victor Shih, and Anthony Saich – discuss the effects of this on current policymaking and policy outcomes, as well as offering a thought-provoking look into the future. What happens if Xi Jinping fails with his overall reform agenda? What if he succeeds in strengthening the control of the party and in restructuring the Chinese economy? Will China's IT-backed authoritarianism act as a model and spread to other countries, challenging Western democratic modes of governance? Whatever the future holds, such developments will have implications not only for China, but for all its close economic and political partners.

This book addresses the uncertain state of financial literacy among today's college students and examines steps colleges and universities are taking to address this widespread concern. This work introduces a four-fold typology of organizational models for college-based financial education programs and uses these as optics for grouping and presenting case studies. The case studies presented provide a holistic representation of how universities develop, sustain and grow financial education programs. Details on the nature of programs, goals, administrative support, resources, partnerships, scale of operations, program content and delivery, advertising, evaluation, program spinoffs, and much more are captured in this work. In addition to detailed case studies, this book presents general findings on the availability of and delivery modes for college-based financial education. This work has significant utility for universities and colleges seeking to implement new financial education programs, changing existing programs, improving program relevancy or expanding program delivery on campus. It is an important contribution to the experiential understanding on how college students as consumers can acquire financial education as part of their broader college curricula and be able to better manage their financial lives. Included in the coverage: The financial literacy imperative. Program delivery and org anizational models in state colleges and universities. The academic model. The full-fledged money management center. The aspirational/seed program. The branch/interspersed model. As financial literacy is increasingly recognized as a core life skill, it becomes more crucial as a component of higher education. Personal Financial Education in State Colleges and Universities in the U.S. is salient reading for college and university administrators, researchers, social workers and mental health professionals working with college students, policy analysts and faculty from any discipline interested in promoting the financial literacy of their students

1 Introduction to mobile communications -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Mobile radio system fundamentals -- 1.3 A simple mobile radio system -- 1.4 Practical communication systems -- 1.5 Paging -- 1.6 Portables -- 1.7 Dialling systems -- 1.8 Radiophone services -- 1.9 Channel sharing -- 1.10 Area coverage techniques -- 1.11 Present and future use of mobile radio -- References -- 2 Multipath characteristics in urban areas -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The nature of multipath propagation -- 2.3 Short-term fading -- 2.4 Frequency-selective fading -- 2.5 Channel characterization -- 2.6 Channel sounding techniques -- 2.7 Practical channel sounders -- 2.8 Small-area characterization -- 2.9 Large-area characterization -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Propagation and signal strength prediction -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamentals of VHF and UHF propagation -- 3.3 Propagation over terrain obstacles -- 3.4 Multiple knife-edge diffraction -- 3.5 Propagation prediction models -- 3.6 Signal strength prediction in urban areas -- 3.7 Discussion -- 3.8 Signal variability -- 3.9 Large area statistics -- 3.10 Building penetration losses -- References -- 4 Modulation techniques -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Amplitude modulation -- 4.3 Angle modulation -- 4.4 Implementation of AM systems -- 4.5 Single-sideband implementation -- 4.6 Demodulation -- 4.7 Generation of FM signals -- 4.8 FM demodulators -- 4.9 The effect of noise on AM systems -- 4.10 The effect of noise on FM systems -- 4.11 The effects of multipath propagation -- 4.12 Demodulation of data signals -- 4.13 Differentially encoded PSK (DPSK) -- 4.14 The effect of noise in data communication systems -- 4.15 Carrier transmissions -- 4.16 The influence of multipath fading on data transmissions -- 4.17 System performance -- 4.18 The fully digital approach -- References -- 5 Man-made noise -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Characterization of pulses -- 5.3 Characterization of impulsive noise -- 5.4 Measuring equipment -- 5.5 Practical measuring systems -- 5.6 Measurement of noise amplitude distribution -- 5.7 Statistical characterization of noise -- 5.8 Impulsive noise measurements -- 5.9 Summary -- 5.10 Performance prediction techniques -- References -- 6 Diversity reception -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Basic diversity methods -- 6.3 Improvements obtainable from diversity -- 6.4 Switched diversity -- 6.5 The effect of diversity on data systems -- 6.6 Practical diversity systems -- 6.7 Predetection diversity -- 6.8 Diversity systems using special receivers -- 6.9 Switched diversity -- 6.10 Comparison -- 6.11 Postdetection diversity -- 6.12 Time diversity -- 6.13 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- 7 Using the radio channel in cellular radio networkgs -- 7.1 The radio channel as a system component -- 7.2 Wideband versus narrowband -- 7.3 Cellular radio fundamentals -- 8 Analogue cellular radio systems -- 8.1 Channel structures -- 8.2 Specifications for the radio equipment -- 8.3 Network control activity -- 8.4 System operation -- 8.5 Some system comparisons -- 9 Digital cellular radio systems -- 9.1 Digital versus analogue for second-generation cellular systems -- 9.2 Choice of basic system architecture -- 9.3 Essential techniques for digital implementation -- 9.4 Example systems -- 9.5 Postscript.

1 Basic Principles of Electron Spin Resonance -- 2 Basic Instrumentation of Electron Spin Resonance -- 3 Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction -- 4 Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Systems in the Liquid Phase -- 5 Interpretation of Hyperfine Splittings in ?-type Organic Radicals -- 6 Mechanism of Hyperfine Splittings in Conjugated Systems -- 7 Anisotropic Interactions in Oriented Systems with S = 1/2 -- 8 Interpretation of the ESR Spectra of Systems in the Solid State -- 9 Time-dependent Phenomena -- 10 Energy-level Splitting in Zero Magnetic Field; The Triplet State -- 11 Transition-metal Ions. I. -- 12 Transition-metal Ions. II. Electron Resonance in the Gas Phase -- 13. Double-resonance Techniques -- 14. Biological Applications of Electron Spin Resonance -- Appendix A. Mathematical Operations -- A-1 Complex Numbers -- A-2 Operator Algebra -- A-2a Properties of Operators -- A-2b Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions -- A-3 Determinants -- A-4 Vectors: Scalar, Vector, and Outer Products -- A-5 Matrices -- A-5a Addition and Subtraction of Matrices -- A-5b Multiplication of Matrices -- A-5c Special Matrices and Matrix Properties -- A-5d Dirac Notation for Wave Functions and Matrix Elements -- A-5e Diagonalization of Matrices -- A-6 Tensors -- A-7 Perturbation Theory -- A-8 Euler Angles -- Problems -- Appendix B. Quantum Mechanics of Angular Momentum -- B-1 Introduction -- B-2 Angular-momentum Operators -- B-3 The Commutation Relations for the Angular-momentum Operators -- B-6 Angular-momentum Matrices -- B-7 Addition of Angular Momenta -- B-8 Summary -- Problems -- C-1 The Hamiltonian for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-2 The Spin Eigenfunctions and the Energy Matrix for the Hydrogen Atom -- C-3 Exact Solution of the Determinant of the Energy Matrix (Secular Determinant) -- C-4 Selection Rules for High-field Magnetic-dipole Transitions in the Hydrogen Atom -- C-5 The Transition Frequencies in Constant Magnetic Field with a Varying Microwave Frequency -- C-6 The Resonant Magnetic Fields at Constant Microwave Frequency -- C-7 Calculation of the Energy Levels of the Hydrogen Atom by Perturbation Theory -- C-8 Wave Functions and Allowed Transitions for the Hydrogen Atom at Low Magnetic Fields -- Problems -- Appendix D. Experimental Methods; Spectrometer Performance -- D-1 Sensitivity -- D-2 Factors Affecting Sensitivity and Resolution -- D-2a Modulation Amplitude -- D-2b Modulation Frequency -- D-2c Microwave Power Level -- D-2d The Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers -- D-2e Temperature -- D-2g Microwave Frequency -- D-2h Signal Averaging -- D-3 Absolute Intensity Measurements -- Problems -- Table of Symbols -- Name Index.

Section I General -- Sexual Disorders in Male Alcoholics -- Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Chronic Alcoholics -- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda in Chronic Alcoholics -- Physical Complications of Alcohol Excess—Metabolism of Alcohol -- Is Illegal Drugtaking a Problem? -- Alcoholism and Drug Dependence — A Multidisciplinary Problem: The Sociologist's Viewpoint -- Alcohol and the General Physician -- Denial of the Hidden Alcoholic in General Practice -- Section II Aetiology and Epidemiology -- The Validity of Per Capita Alcohol Consumption as an Indicator of the Prevalence of Alcohol Related Problems: An Evaluation Based on National Statistics and Survey Data -- On the Need to Reconcile the Aetiologies of Drug Abuse -- Drinking Patterns of Young People -- Alcoholism and Psychology — Some Recent Trends and Methods -- A Psychiatric View of Substance Dependency -- How Important is Alcohol in "Alcoholism"? -- Social Circumstances of Non-Convicted vs Convicted Drug Users -- The Pathological and the Subcultural Model of Drug Use — A Test of Two Contrasting Explanations -- Unemployment and Sickness Absenteeism in Alcoholics -- Alcohol Problems in Women -- The Aetiology of Dependency -- Section III Treatment -- A Pilot Controlled Drinking Out-Patient Group -- Programming Alcoholism Treatment: Historical Trends -- A Young Problem Drinkers Programme as a Means of Establishing and Maintaining Treatment Contact -- Family Focused Treatment and Management: A Multi-Discipline Training Approach -- The Young Alcoholic — Approaches to Treatment -- Detoxification — The First Step -- The Treatment of Drug Dependence — A Taxonomy of Approaches -- Aims of Treatment -- Controlled Drinking in the Alcoholic — A Search for Common Features -- A Programme of Group Counselling for Alcoholics -- The Ontario Detoxication System: An Evaluation of its Effectiveness -- Section IV Rehabilitation -- The Role of the Probation Service in the Treatment of Alcoholism -- An Analysis of Clients Using Alcoholic Agencies within One Community Service -- Co-ordination and Co-operation -- The Problem — Its Magnitude and a Suggested Community Based Answer to Alcoholism -- Methodological Problems in Evaluating Drug Misuse Intervention Programmes -- Planning for the Future — Developing a Comprehensive Response to Alcohol Abuse in an English Health District -- The Featherstone Lodge Project — Phoenix House. One Method of Rehabilitation -- The Co-ordination of Care in the Field of Alcoholism -- Section V Prevention and Education -- The Role of Legislation in Diminishing the Misuse of Alcohol -- The Need for and Some Results of Evaluation of English Drug Education -- Developing a Co-ordinated Approach to Interprofessional Education -- Alcohol Control Policy as a Strategy of Prevention: A Critical Examination of the Evidence -- Parents, Children and Learning to Drink -- Alcohol and Education -- Chairmen -- Contributors.

In recent years, the relations between weak central governments and armed groups in the periphery have attracted great attention. Rebels, warlords and other actors have not only undermined the authorities' grip on power but gradually come to shape the nature of governance and political system in their countries. Warlordism, rebelocracies and aliocracies are just a few of the political systems identified by students of conflict and armed groups. However, the literature has generally overlooked one category of armed groups and their implications on political order: pro-government militias (PGMs). As PGMs have become ubiquitous in civil wars, this study identifies a new political order emerging in countries where central governments have become reliant on PGMs in counter-insurgency operations. This study defines this order as a militiatocracy. Unlike armed groups in other political orders, PGMs do not seek to overthrow, undermine or replace the central government. Instead, in militiatocracies, PGMs and central governments develop symbiotic relations, which on the one hand, help the government to survive an insurgency, but on the other, allow militia leaders to secure an increasing presence in politics. The article illustrates the emergence and nature of militiatocracies by employing the case of Syria during the civil war.

International audience ; Drawing on a two-year ethnographic study within several French administrations involved in open data programs, this article aims to investigate the conditions of the release of government data – the rawness of which open data policies require. This article describes two sets of phenomena. First, far from being taken for granted, open data emerge in administrations through a progressive process that entails uncertain collective inquiries and extraction work. Second, the opening process draws on a series of transformations, as data are modified to satisfy an important criterion of open data policies: the need for both human and technical intelligibility. There are organizational consequences of these two points, which can notably lead to the visibilization or the invisibilization of data labor. Finally, the article invites us to reconsider the apparent contradiction between the process of data release and the existence of raw data. Echoing the vocabulary of one of the interviewees, the multiple operations can be seen as a 'rawification' process by which open government data are carefully generated. Such a notion notably helps to build a relational model of what counts as data and what counts as work.

International audience ; Drawing on a two-year ethnographic study within several French administrations involved in open data programs, this article aims to investigate the conditions of the release of government data – the rawness of which open data policies require. This article describes two sets of phenomena. First, far from being taken for granted, open data emerge in administrations through a progressive process that entails uncertain collective inquiries and extraction work. Second, the opening process draws on a series of transformations, as data are modified to satisfy an important criterion of open data policies: the need for both human and technical intelligibility. There are organizational consequences of these two points, which can notably lead to the visibilization or the invisibilization of data labor. Finally, the article invites us to reconsider the apparent contradiction between the process of data release and the existence of raw data. Echoing the vocabulary of one of the interviewees, the multiple operations can be seen as a 'rawification' process by which open government data are carefully generated. Such a notion notably helps to build a relational model of what counts as data and what counts as work.