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Online resource; 40 pp., Digital file. ; This exploratory qualitative research examines the impact of panhandling by-laws on panhandlers in downtown Winnipeg. Panhandlers' descriptions of their experiences make it clear that Winnipeg's Obstructive Solicitation By-Law and captive audience clause amendment in 2005 have affected them negatively. The by-law excludes panhandlers from the definition of community and reinforces the myth that all who beg for money in the streets are there by choice and are thus immoral and not worthwhile members of society. While attempting to protect people in Winnipeg's downtown, the by-law actually places panhandlers at further risk of violence. In addition, through the implementation mechanism of the enforcers - police, Winnipeg Cadets and Business Improvement Zone patrols - the legislation has a great impact on panhandlers' lives but this population knows little of its contents.

International audience ; Improving the efficiency of water use is usually presented as an opportunity for large water savings, particularly in the agricultural sector. Warnings that this may not translate into reduced consumption is sometimes associated with the rebound effect or Jevons paradox, an appealing concept that can be used to analyse and prevent undesired consequences in the rush for efficiency gains. This article, based on the energy sector, shows that the concept helps to identify possible unintended consequences of increasing efficiency and shows how efficiency gains are shared in society. However, it might be conceptually misleading when applied to water since it reinforces a myth on the consideration of water savings and efficiency, and may be also too restrictive. The recent modernisation of irrigation practices in Spain highlights that the rebound effect is only one of many possible consequences of efficiency improvements.

В статье отражена попытка категоризировать элементы общественного сознания: образ, образ-символ и миф. Показано, как формируется образ, как происходит его символизация и как в конечном итоге это приводит к созданию мифа. Рассказано о некоторых технологиях этих трансформаций. Сделаны выводы о том, что создание образа, его символизация и мифологизация — это и есть предмет работы специалиста по PR и что расширение и/или подмена данного предмета — путь к неэффективным, излишне затратным решениям в политике и бизнесе. ; The paper describes an attempt to categorize the elements of public consciousness: the image, the image of the symbol and myth. It is concluded that the creation of the image is the subject of the PR specialist. The expansion and/or replacement of the subject are the way to ineffective, costly decisions in politics and business.

If nation is increasingly perceived as a less than honourable institution formed through war, invasion and geo-political territorialisation, and government is widely denounced as the site of political intrigue and the means of subjectification of citizen–voters, community appears to escape this critique and to be viewed as an idyllic formation based on bonds of affinity. However, this romancing of community is disrupted by trans-cultural and sub-cultural formations that expose the fantasy of a harmonious, homogenous community. While community is often conceived as arising organically from familial, tribal or cultural similarity, or as constituted through a common history and shared cultural institutions, this totalising conception of community is interrupted by the demands of difference and heterogeneity and by a questioning of the idyll of community authenticated in myths of archaic origin.

This article evaluates Patrick Jackson's recent book The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations. Jackson delivers a thoughtful and timely contribution to meta-theoretical debates in International Relations by highlighting the diverse landscape of incompatible philosophico-ontological positions. Specifically discussing the practical pay-offs of Jackson's taxonomy, the article, though generally sympathetic to Jackson's account, argues that he overlooks three interconnected areas: the myth-historical character of 'International Relations', the semantic heterogeneity or polysemy of his taxonomical categories, and the scope and nature of translation necessary to sustain his suggested methodological pluralism. These shortcomings question the stability and practical usefulness of his taxonomy and call for a more versatile, less static delineation of philosophico-ontological positions and an embrace of a plurality rather than a pluralism in International Relations meta-theory. Adapted from the source document.

The origins of Freemasonry in Mexico have always been surrounded by myths and mysteries, mainly due to the scarcity of Masonic documents to clarify them. In this paper, these origins and the socio-economic groups to which itsmembers belonged are discussed based on primary sources recently found. The paper also addresses when and why the early Mexican Freemasonry was involved in the country's political life. ; Los orígenes de la masonería en México han estado rodeados siempre de mitos y misterios, principalmente a causa de la escasez de documentos masónicos que los aclaren. En este artículo se discuten esos orígenes con base en fuentes primarias recientemente localizadas y se muestran los ámbitos socio-económicos en que sus miembros estuvieron inmersos. También se aborda cuándo y por qué la primera masonería mexicana se introdujo en la vida política.

The article explores the recent social and political transformations in Greece through events of collective action in the public space of Athens. Drawing on Richard Sennet's notion of the 'myth of the purified community' it is argued that these events demonstrate a gradual disintegration of the social imaginary of the idea of community in various scales (national, local, etc). This argument builds on the indistinction between public and private as reflected in these events in Athens. By providing ethnographic examples from both before and after the economic collapse, the article explains crisis as a long process of contesting the sovereignty of the state and institutions in Greece and how these previously downplayed contestations were rendered visible in the Greek public sphere. This visibility shakes the foundations of the notion of a homogeneous community as it is established by the 'social contract'.

La Parisienne is both myth and icon, projecting a confident, feminine incarnation of Frenchness. The enduring popularity of this figure within France and abroad is evidenced in the numerous (life)style manuals that sell their readers the secrets of balancing femininity with modernity, consumerism with creativity. The ahistorical presentation of la Parisienne contrasts with the way in which increasingly political narratives surround the relationship between femininity, consumerism and citizenship in the French public sphere. A discussion of two counter-culture graffiti artists – Miss.Tic, who uses 'la Parisienne' as an urban icon to highlight the gendered dynamics of the street and Princess Hijab, whose images confront associations between consumerism and citizenship – highlights how femininity is presented in one as the celebration of contradiction, and in the other as a way of glossing over perceptions of cultural difference.

Toute relation fraternelle dépend de l'organisation de la famille, du mythe et de l'histoire familiale. En situation d'exil, des éléments supplémentaires entrent en jeu. Ces relations sont étroitement liées aux interactions parents/enfants et à l'étape du cycle de vie de la famille lors de l'arrivée de l'enfant. La migration remet en question l'équilibre des places et des rôles des enfants. Quelle va être la fonction de ceux-ci dans un système recomposé ? Quelles sont les modalités de leur investissement dans la survie du système familial ? La rencontre avec les familles d'origine étrangère, dans un contexte de recherche, permet d'observer que les fratries se structurent autour de la situation d'exil : entre pays/cultures d'origine et d'accueil. Les exemples cliniques visent à mieux saisir les subtils aménagements à l'intérieur de ces fratries qui permettront de dégager des perspectives de soin.

The article explores the recent social and political transformations in Greece through events of collective action in the public space of Athens. Drawing on Richard Sennet's notion of the 'myth of the purified community' it is argued that these events demonstrate a gradual disintegration of the social imaginary of the idea of community in various scales (national, local, etc). This argument builds on the indistinction between public and private as reflected in these events in Athens. By providing ethnographic examples from both before and after the economic collapse, the article explains crisis as a long process of contesting the sovereignty of the state and institutions in Greece and how these previously downplayed contestations were rendered visible in the Greek public sphere. This visibility shakes the foundations of the notion of a homogeneous community as it is established by the 'social contract'.

In Britain, popular memory of the Blitz celebrates civilian resistance to the German bombing of London and other cities, emphasising positive values such as stoicism, humour and mutual aid. But the memory of such passive and defensive traits obscures the degree to which British civilian morale in 1940 depended on the belief that if Britain had to "take it", then Germany was taking it as hard or harder. Contrary to the received historical account, opinion polls, Home Intelligence reports and newspaper letter columns show that a majority of the British supported the reprisal bombing of German civilians by Bomber Command. The wartime reprisals debate was the logical legacy of prewar assumptions about the overwhelming power of bombing; but it has been forgotten because it contradicts the myth of the Blitz.

US Pres John F. Kennedy's skillful management of the Cuban missile crisis, 50 years ago this autumn, has been elevated into the central myth of the Cold War. At its core is the tale that, by virtue of US military superiority and his steely will, Kennedy forced Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to capitulate and remove the nuclear missiles he had secretly deployed to Cuba. Kennedy's victory in the messy and inconclusive Cold War naturally came to dominate the politics of US foreign policy. What people came to understand about the Cuban missile crisis -- that JFK succeeded without giving an inch -- implanted itself in policy deliberations and political debate, spoken or unspoken. It's there now, all these decades later, in worries over making any concessions to Iran over nuclear weapons or to the Taliban over their role in Afghanistan. Adapted from the source document.

У статті розглядається цивілізаційна парадигма С. Хантінгтона, його основні ідеї я кфундатора цивілізаційної геополітики, описані передумови зародження його поглядів, а також їх актуальність для сучасного світопорядку, приділена увага критиці його ідей з точки зору цивілізаційного підходу. ; Philosophical reflection process technologization in the political sphere of public life, as it allows to know the possibilities of political technologies. Coverage antitechnology used during political races to create new myths to the coming to power of a certain political force, the possibility of keeping this power to create legitimacy in the eyes of the population and favorable psychological climate in society. ; В статье рассматривается цивилизационная парадигма С. Хантингтона, его основные идеи как основателя цивилизационной геополитики, описаны предпосылки зарождения его взглядов, а также их актуальность для современного миропорядка, уделено внимание критике его идей сточки зрения цивилизационного подхода.

This article examines Vladimir Maiakovskii's frequent references to statues and monuments in his poetry in relation to traditions of iconoclasm in Russian culture in order not only to shed light on the poet's attitude toward the role of the past in the creation of a new culture but also to investigate the way in which the destruction, relocation, and transformation of monuments, both in the urban landscape and in art, reflects political change in Russia. James Rann demonstrates that, while Maiakovskii often invoked a binary iconoclastic discourse in which creation necessitates destruction, his poetry also articulated a more nuanced vision of cultural change through the symbol of the moving monument: the statue is preserved but also transformed and liberated. Finally, an analysis of "Vo ves' golos" shows how Maiakovskii's myth of the statue helped him articulate his relationship to Soviet power and to his own poetic legacy.

SummaryThis article analyses the religious aspects of Spanish republicanism of the 1830s and 1840s. From the case of Catalonia, the most industrialized region of Spain, it is concluded that radical liberalism elaborated a synthesis of freedom and religion that was presented as an alternative to traditional religiosity. Re-elaborating old myths popular during the War of Independence of 1808–1814, in addition some liberals and republicans presented their political project in millenarianist terms. This millenarianism was due to the radicalism with which they interpreted the confrontation with political opponents, one of whom was the established Church. It follows that the religiosity and millenarianism exhibited by these republicans also involved a strong anti-clericalism. At the same time, in the political and cultural context of Spain, these proposals were not seen by their followers as a negation of divinity but as its truest expression.