Suchergebnisse

Generally speaking, special investigations are a kind of human activity whose social purpose is to detect and promptly end the threats to the security of the values of the citizen and the rule of law through non-traditional means of collecting information. This type of activity is viewed with admiration when it acts for the benefit of the whole society and, conversely, it is despised if it serves certain interest groups. When the security level of the citizen does not rise to the expectations, it is appropriate to identify and solve the problems that prevent the proper functioning of the special investigation services; this is actually the purpose of this article.

The article is devoted of the using block chain technology in the field of land management. The foreign experience of using block chain technology (USA, Japan, Brazil, Ghana, Honduras, Georgia and Sweden) and the prospects of its implementation in Ukraine are analyzed. Examples of using block chain technology in Ukraine during electronic auctioning, land registration and land management are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of this technology are identified; the main principles of block chain operation are formulated. The main risks of using a distributed registry (block chain) in public land management are outlined. Sequence of transmission and transformation information based on block chain's technology in the system of land resources management is submitted.

This paper presents two case studies of Facebook's rapid changes relating to international electoral politics: the "I'm a Voter" affordance and the platform's data and targeting capabilities. The article shows how Facebook changed with respect to its policies, procedures, and affordances, especially given the normative pressure exerted by journalists. Drawing from these case studies, we conceptualise continual and rapid change as "platform transience" and argue that it often arises from external pressure and economic considerations. Platform transience has significant implications for the ability of stakeholders to hold platforms accountable, raises significant issues for electoral fairness, and increases the potential for unequal political information environments.

How will the existence of one billion personal "Internet of Things" devices in 2021 affect Arab societies? What economic impact will 26.7 billion dollars of online monthly spending in the Arab region have? In 2021 how will 100% mobile penetration and 80% social media penetration rates in the Arab region transform the way people do business and interact with governments? These are some of the growth figures projected in this report based on the analysis of a decade of data related to information and communication technologies growth in the Arab region, as well as a current regional survey examining online usage trends, perceptions, and concerns around a new breed of digital transformations in the Arab region.

Cyberwar (Cyber war, Cyber warfare) is the military confrontation with the means of information technology. This paper presents the current state and deals with the theoretical and practical problems. In practice, cyberwar is an integral part of military action, but cannot be completely separated from espionage, since the intrusion into and reconnaissance of target systems is essential for further action. After an overview of attack methods, attackers (Advanced Persistent Threats), spy tools, cyber weapons and cyber defense, a particular focus is on the attribution of cyber attacks and the Smart Industry (Industry 4.0). Afterwards, the cyberwar strategies of the US, China, Russia and further leading actors will be discussed. A final chapter deals with biological applications.

This article analyzes the biosocial origins of gossip by pointing to its significant social and evolutionary functions. Along with the problems of defining it, the article deals with gossip's bad reputation and analyzes sociocultural functions of gossip and small talk as mechanisms of social comparison, as well as means of transferring cultural norms, values, and rules. Furthermore, it offers a detailed analysis of gossip as an evolutionary phenomenon that represents a unique form of social grooming among humans and performs the function of strengthening social ties and social cohesion. Finally, the gossip is portrayed as a means of spreading adaptive information concerning status, resources, and sex.

This article analyzes the logic of conspiracy theories, stressing that it would be erroneous to assume that such theories about collusions and intrigues are irrational in nature. On the contrary, they operate on a logic that is no less coherent than scientific discourse, although it differs from the latter in its verification and discard methodology as well as in its mobilizing role. Being part of a larger research that explains the recurrent spread of conspiracy narratives in one region of the world, elucidating their historical and contemporary conditions of crystallization, the article claims that such research agenda has universal appeal, particularly in an era of institutional distrust and changes in the structure of information diffusion.

Die Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) ist eine Trenderhebung, in der seit 1980 alle zwei Jahre eine Zufallsstichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung befragt wird. Das primäre Ziel des Umfrageprogramms ist die Beobachtung von Einstellungen, Verhalten und sozialen Wandel in Deutschland. Jede ALLBUS-Querschnittserhebung besteht aus ein oder zwei Schwerpunktmodulen zu wechselnden Themen. Diese werden ergänzt durch weitere inhaltliche Fragen und ein Kernmodul mit detaillierten demografischen Informationen. Zudem werden Zusatzinformation zum Interview und den Interviewern bereitgestellt. Die Schwerpunktmodule folgen in der Regel einem 10-jährigen Replikationszyklus, viele Einzelindikatoren und Itembatterien werden aber auch in kürzeren Abständen repliziert.

Seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre werden zusammen mit ALLBUS auch regelmäßig ein oder zwei Module des ISSP (International Social Survey Programme) erhoben.

Das Schwerpunktthema von ALLBUS 2012 ist "Religion und Weltanschauung". Besonders im Fokus stehen dabei u.a. Fragen zu Aspekten der individuellen Religiosität und der religiösen Toleranz. Weitere Themen sind individuelle und kollektive Wertorientierungen, Schwangerschaftsabbruch, Geschlechterrollen, Ethnozentrismus und Minoritäten sowie politische Einstellungen. Zusätzlich sind die ISSP-Module "Gesundheit und Gesundheitswesen" und "Familie und Geschlechterrollen IV" enthalten.

While the internet overshadowed all domains of life, it used became associated with the concept of "success", This happened in the tourism sector, where access to tourists and attracting the largest number of them, is not only the availability and use of modern information and communication technologies, and promote the tourist destination through the Internet in the light of the modern electronic tourism market.

The study aims to highlight the basic concepts of the tourism promotion process, and to review the importance of using the Internet in this process which is the mainstay of tourism, with access to the reality of the use of the Internet in the promotion of tourism in Algeria.

The nonobjective journalistic interpretation of economic facts can lead to both minor and serious consequences, ranging from the individual recipient to a whole business sector. Therefore, the fundamental principle of providing reliable information to society is of particular importance for the economic field. The paper addresses the issue of unintentional distribution of fake news in the context of economic journalism and new media. The combination of political, social, economic and technological factors has contributed to the growth and scale of the problem, with the most important one being the impact of the internet environment, which has turned fake news into an unwanted function or rather a dysfunction of digital media.

This paper employs a field experiment in single-party–ruled Vietnam to test whether providing a broad-based representative sample of firms the opportunity to comment on draft regulations increases their subsequent compliance. We find three main outcomes of this treatment. First, treated firms exhibited greater improvement in their views of government's regulatory authority. Second, these firms were more likely to allow government-affiliated auditors to examine their factories. Third, treated firms demonstrated greater compliance on the factory floor. Access and compliance were not explained by the receipt of advance information about the regulation's requirements, and none of the three outcomes required that firms offer substantive comments.

Résumé Dans une société et une économie numérisées, les données sont au centre de problématiques majeures. Données publiques et données personnelles se répondent avec des encadrements juridiques croisés : la loi pour une République numérique du 7 octobre 2016 et le règlement général pour la protection des données « RGPD ». Pourtant la notion de donnée publique est difficilement saisie par le droit. Elle ne fait l'objet d'aucune définition. Information du service public, elle est concurrencée par de nouvelles notions. Bien au service du public, elle ne répond pas totalement aux définitions des biens publics et des facilités essentielles. Ainsi, ni le discours du droit ni le discours sur le droit n'ont réussi à appréhender cette notion.

This article explores the relevance of disinformation in international relations. It discusses the nature of information manipulation, ways to counter disinformation, and possibilities for international organizations, including the osce, to initiate confidence-building measures. The article suggests that although disinformation becomes an increasingly salient aspect of global politics, its security impact should not be overstated. As in domestic politics, international disinformation parasites on existing divisions and concerns, which it exploits rather than creates. This should not be trivialized. Disinformation is disruptive and it further deteriorates the overall international context. But as yet it is not a significant security challenge, and it does not change the international balance of power.

This article explores the challenges and opportunities presented by advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of information operations. The article first examines the ways in which AI can be used to counter disinformation online. It then dives into some of the limitations of AI solutions and threats associated with AI techniques, namely user profiling, micro-targeting, and deep fakes. Finally, the paper reviews a number of solutions that could help address the spread of AI-powered disinformation and improve the online environment. The article recognises that in the fight against disinformation, there is no single fix. The next wave of disinformation calls first and foremost for societal resilience.

Social media applications provide conduits for government agencies to promote disaster preparedness. This article illustrates the messaging strategies used by state‐level emergency management agencies in the United States and addresses a range of social units (e.g., households, organizations, and communities). While agencies frequently disseminate guidance on how to prepare for emergencies, strategies generally align with traditional government‐to‐citizen, one‐to‐many communication modes characterized by little to no interaction with the public. This practice denies citizens deliberative conversation with government agencies and short circuits information from citizens and other organizations that might inform an agency's decision‐making. Some interactive tactics observed, however, provide a roadmap to facilitate future dialogue and collaboration.