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Background: Noise is one of the most important forms of environmental pollution among developed and developing countries. A report from UK National Study of Hearing estimated that around 440 million people suffer from noise induced hearing loss in EU countries with 1–1.6 million disability-adjusted life year lost. In China, the Second China National Sample Survey on disability in 2007 revealed that about 27.8 million people suffered from hearing impairment, and 73.4% of which (about 20 million) were diagnosed with disability. The prevalence of hearing impairment was estimated to be 2.1% in the general population, and increased to 11.0% among those aged greater than 65 years. Objective: To find out the effect of earplug on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), as well as understanding the source and exposure of noise in the industry, to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in factories with noise exposure, to analyze relationships between NIHL and age, sex, dose and duration of occupational noise exposure, type of work, use of hearing protection products, education level and other factors. Significant risk factors identified were used to provide evidence-based recommendations in prevention and control of NIHL. Study Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study Method: A total of 1874 workers exposed to noise in a compressor factory in Guangzhou, China were included. Between September 2011 and January 2012, physical examination including a screening program of hearing loss, pure tone audiometry test were carried out among workers including information on age, sex, work types, noise exposure level, exposure time, as well as the questionnaire about earplug using status, status of using ear products report by company, smoking status, education level, discharge of ear, history of herpes zoster, history of using ototoxic drugs, history of ear surgery, family history of NIHL, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure. The outcome variable is the audiometric mean value which reflects hearing status of the subjects. Subgroup differences in mean value of audiometry were compared by independent sample t-test. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between earplug use and NIHL, adjusted for other potential confounders. Factors associated with earplug use were also identified. Result: 1873 workers took part in the study (both physical examination and questionnaire) The prevalence of NIHL is 381 (20.3%) from study, and an average noise level of 83.5 dB was detected in the factory across different types of working place. The pure tone audiometric mean value (PTA) is 26.7 dB with a standard deviation of 4.8. The mean PTA value for those using earplug is 25.81 dB, which was significantly lower than those not using earplug with a mean PTA value of 1.54 dB (p < 0.001). A 0.962 mean difference is detected between noncontinuous earplug usage group and continuous usage group. Multiple linear regression model showed a dose response effect in use of earplug on NIHL, with an estimated mean PTA 1.49 dB (p-value <0.001) and 0.96 dB (p-value = 0.001) lower than those not using earplug at all. Hearing protective effect with part of dose response relationship is found in education level groups as well. Workers from technical school have a 5.974 dB lower of mean PTA, where the decrease is 3.909 dB in high school group, reference of primary level. Moreover, ever smokers show 1.557 dB higher on reference as nonsmoker. Other significant results can be found in family history of NIHL, ototoxic drug using, with statistical significant, respectively, with the direction of positive to NIHL, which shows harmful effect on workers' hearing. Multivariable logistic regression model is used to find out factors associated with earplug usage. In the model, higher education level is found to be associated with higher earplug usage, especially among participants from technical schools, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 34.07, whereas those from high school group have an AOR of 12.35.(With Primary school group being the reference group.) Workers whose daily tasks involve phosphorus board, punching press, compressor are found to have a relatively low percentage on earplug usage compliance, with AOR of 0.55, 0.41, 0.23 respectively. (Those from machine shops are used as the reference group.) The result is in accordance with their positive correlation on NIHL. Conclusion: Use of earplug was found to be protective to NIHL. Factors such as education level, smoking status, discharge of ear, family history of NIHL and certain types of work were found to be associated with lower risk of NIHL. To protect hearing of the workers and reduce NIHL prevalence, provision of and education on hearing protection products and supervision of continuous use of earplug in noise exposed industry should be implemented. Occupational health monitoring to the enterprises should be enhanced by health sectors of Chinese government. Due to the limitation of retrospective design of this dissertation, further cohort studies are called for to provide stronger evidence of factors' effect on NIHL. ; published_or_final_version ; Public Health ; Master ; Master of Public Health

In rural northern Idaho in the winter of 2013-2014, Syringa Mobile Home Park's water system was contaminated by sewage, resulting in residents' water being shut off for 93 days. By summer 2018 Syringa had closed, forcing residents to relocate or face homelessness. Trailer Park America chronicles how residents dealt with regulatory agencies, frequent boil order notices, threats of closure, and class-based social stigma over this period. Despite all this, what was seen as a dysfunctional, 'disorderly' community by outsiders was instead a refuge where veterans, women heads of households, and people with disabilities or substance use disorders were supported and understood. The embattled Syringa community also organized to defend the rights and dignity of residents and served as a site for negotiating with local government, culminating in a class-action lawsuit that reached the federal level. The experiences Syringa residents faced in this conservative, predominately white region of the United States are emblematic of the growing national and global crisis in affordable housing and home ownership, with declining work conditions and incomes for the working-class

Plastikmüll ist überall auf unserem Planeten zu finden. Er hinterlässt einen augenscheinlichen Fußabdruck des menschlichen Konsumverhaltens und der Massenproduktion. Unser ungebremster Plastikkonsum und dessen Auswirkungen prägen die gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisse in einer so tiefgreifenden Weise, dass wir vom Plastikzeitalter sprechen. Um Ansätze für einen Umgang mit diesem Problem zu entwickeln, müssen wir das Phänomen umfassend verstehen: Die Autor:innen beleuchten es aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive. Sie zeigen, welche Rolle Kunststoffe in unserer Gesellschaft spielen und welche Auswirkungen sie auf die Umwelt und die menschliche Gesundheit haben.

The healthcare landscape continues to evolve in an effort to accommodate our ever-connected world. A digital healthcare system poses new challenges and exposes existing issues as professionals—like you—strive to solve concerns. This book recognizes the unique tasks of dedicated professionals while attempting to decrease confusion on this key topic. It's time to discuss why strategy is important for modern healthcare data management, how strategy can create new business or upscale a business in healthcare data management, and how these tactics assist your business in gaining a competitive advantage. Cut through the frustration generated by the staggering amount of healthcare data currently being created, collected, and distributed—this book will teach you how. This book will help you to understand: Critical types of data How to strategically manage data How to build better patient care Tips for improving performance New ways for your business to thrive

The Corona crisis revealed the principle that is decisive for the success of crisis management: the later and more hesitant the reaction, the greater the damage. Not all strategies used to contain the coronavirus proved to be successful. The author compares the crisis management of individual states and organizations and their approaches and discusses possible deficits in the management of the Corona crisis. In addition, the geopolitical impact of the crisis is also analyzed. In der Coronakrise kristallisierte sich jener Grundsatz heraus, der für den Erfolg eines Krisenmanagements entscheidend ist: Je später und zögerlicher die Reaktion, als umso größer erweist sich der Schaden. Nicht alle Strategien, die zur Eindämmung der Coronapandemie angewandt wurden, erwiesen sich als erfolgreich. Der Autor vergleicht das Krisenmanagement einzelner Staaten und Organisationen sowie deren Ansätze und erörtert mögliche Defizite bei der Bewältigung der Coronakrise. Darüber hinaus werden auch die geopolitischen Auswirkungen der Krise analysiert.

Introduction: Fabricated connections, deeply felt -- Envisioning civilian childhood -- Affective pedagogies for military children -- Recognizing military wives -- Economies of post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury -- Liberal imaginaries of Guantánamo -- Feeling for dogs in the War on Terror -- Conclusion: a radical and unsentimental attention.

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Studie stehen sorgende Angehörige, die sich um Pflegebedürftige mit hohem Hilfebedarf kümmern. Die Pflegenden werden im Hinblick auf Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Differenzkategorien sozioökonomischer Status (SÖS), Geschlecht, Ethnizität sowie Erwerbsstatus untersucht, und es wird nach Unterschieden in der Pflegebewältigung gefragt. Dabei konnten fünf Pflegebewältigungstypen entwickelt werden, wobei drei zu einer 'eher gelingenden Pflegebewältigung führen, zwei dagegen in einer 'eher prekären Pflegebewältigung münden. Die Typen differieren in der Art des Zusammenwirkens der genannten Differenzkategorien sowie der Selbstsorgeorientierung der sorgenden Angehörigen. Blickt man auf die Bedarfe, so geht es darum, die Selbstsorgeorientierung und das Selbstsorgehandeln der Sorgenden zu fördern. Dazu ist typenübergreifend im Rahmen einer vorbeugenden Sozialpolitik insbesondere eine frühzeitige zugehende professionelle Pflegebegleitung aus einer Hand im Sinne eines Case-Managements zu empfehlen.

"[This book] is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly material on the expanded role of universities for community engagement initiatives. Providing in-depth coverage across a range of topics, such as resource sharing, educational administration, and technological applications, this handbook is ideally designed for educators, graduate students, professionals, academics, and practitioners interested in the active involvement of education institutions in community outreach"--Provided by publisher.

Michel Foucault suchte bereits 1983 nach den Rationalitäten, die unseren gesundheitlichen Wahlentscheidungen zu Grunde liegen. Diese Frage stellt sich heute noch dringender, bedenkt man den neoliberalen Wandel von Gesundheitsdiskursen in den letzten Jahrzehnten. Diese Diskurse finden ihre Vorfahren in der religiösen und bürgerlichen Selbstpraxis sowie in der ärztlichen Praxis der Beratung und Überzeugung. Irene Poczka betrachtet diese als Regierungsweisen, die schließlich auch die politischen Techniken beeinflussten, mit denen die Gesundheit der Bevölkerungen reguliert werden sollte. Sie stellt fest: Im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts lassen sich überall diskursive Fragmente einer Genealogie liberalen Regierens von Gesundheit ausmachen.