Suchergebnisse

On the Scalability of Cooperative Structures -- Why Profit Is Not the Problem -- Egalitarianism and Status Hierarchy -- A Defence of Stigmatization -- A Unified Theory of Border Control and Reasonable Accommodation -- Two Dilemmas for U.S. Race Relations.

IAt one point inTaking Rights Seriously, Ronald Dworkin sketches an argument which would today be widely acceptable. He writes: "The University of Washington might argue that, whatever effect minority preference will have on average welfare, it will make the community more equal, and therefore more just." It is perhaps not certain that Dworkin himself accepts that immediate inference as sound. There can, however, be no doubt but that: first, many if not most people speaking or writing today in this area do indeed take 'equality' to be as near as makes no matter synonymous with 'equity'; and, second, they do indeed also identify doing (at any rate social) justice with bringing about (ever more, if never perfect) equality of condition.

What are the main objectives of social protection institutions in developing countries? What should be their scope and reach? What is the source of their legitimacy? Finding appropriate answers to these questions is essential to understanding, and shaping, the emergence of welfare institutions in low- and middle-income countries. Most available answers rely on instrumental arguments. Few make reference to normative principles. This article draws on three concepts from Rawls – social justice as regulating cooperation, the social minimum, and the need for a freestanding political notion of social justice – to develop a coherent argument for grounding social assistance on social justice. In line with this argument, it identifies some parameters for a justice-based social assistance. This article then discusses, with examples, the tensions existing between a social justice-based social minimum and 'real' social assistance institutions emerging in developing countries.