Suchergebnisse

Administrative Law consists of those legal principles, whether of constitutional, statutory or common law derivation, which are generally concerned with the organization, relationships, powers and procedures of administrative agencies.' These are the agencies of government, other than the regular courts and legislatures, which can determine private rights through adjudication or affect these rights through the making of rules having the status of law. It will be noted that the definition excludes the substantive rules of law applied and developed through such agencies. Procedural in nature, it is an area of law in which the institution of judicial review of administrative action continues to be of central, though diminished, importance. Through extensive studies and the passage of the Federal Administrative Procedure Act, the systematizing of this area of law at the federal level has been greatly advanced in recent years. Few states have made similar strides, although administrative agencies at the state and local level may be even more numerous." Tennessee has not attempted any comprehensive statutory regulation such as the Model State Administrative Procedure Act. What might have been a legislative attempt at detailed coverage of the topic of judicial review, in conjunction with the adoption of the 1932 Code, has been treated as accomplishing little change in the preexisting law. In its decision of major importance in this field of law during the current survey year,the Tennessee Supreme Court invoked the Constitution to prevent from becoming effective what could have been a far-reaching statutory change in the scope of judicial review. Apart from this decision there was little development of more than routine significance during the period.

Purpose of Study: A conception of cyber espionage today is extremely vulnerable since the crime has evolved from conventional wiretapping into cyber-based spy activities. This issue becomes complicated when faced with the principle of sovereignty and how the challenge of countries around the world to respond in maintaining the honor, security, and peace of their own countries. The legal issues raised in this legal research are: (1) cyber espionage is one kind of cybercrime (2) Legal mechanisms to crack down on the international legal system and national law again Cyber espionage crime. Methodology: Research methods used statute approach and conceptual approach. Results: The result of this research showed that it could use computing devices and internet network by means of spies, destroying computer system in order to securely obtain state confidential data or by spreading internet virus which is sporadic to government-owned domains and corporation it is clear that cyber espionage id either part of the cybercrime. Implications/Applications: The lack of legal regulation, both international and national which directly refers to cyber espionage because they alluded to illegal access and illegal interception related only.

"International Environmental Law International Environmental Law offers a concise, conceptually clear, and legally rigorous introduction to contemporary international environmental law and practice. The book covers all major environmental agreements, paying particular attention to their underlying structure, main legal provisions, and practical operation. It blends legal and policy analysis, making extensive reference to the jurisprudence and scholarship, and addressing the interconnections with other areas of international law, including human rights, humanitarian law, trade and foreign investment. The material is structured into four sections - foundations, substantive regulation, implementation, and influence on other areas of international law - which help the reader to navigate the different areas of international environmental law. Each chapter includes charts summarising the main components of the relevant legal frameworks and provides a detailed bibliography. Suitable for practicing and academic international lawyers who want an accessible, up-to-date introduction to contemporary international environmental law, as well as non-lawyers seeking a concise and clear understanding of the subject."--

"The European Union is unique amongst international organizations in that it has a highly developed and coherent system of judicial protection. The rights derived from Union law can be enforced in court, as opposed to international organizations in which enforceability is often far less certain. At the heart of the system of judicial protection in the European Union is the core principle of upholding the rule of law. Therefore, the stakes are high in the sense that the system of judicial protection in the European Union must live up to its promise in which all sorts of natural and legal persons, Member States, and Union institutions, bodies, offices, and agencies are guaranteed a route by which enforce Union law rights"--

Algorithms permeate our lives in numerous ways, performing tasks that until recently could only be carried out by humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, based on machine learning algorithms and big-data-powered systems, can perform sophisticated tasks such as driving cars, analyzing medical data, and evaluating and executing complex financial transactions - often without active human control or supervision. Algorithms also play an important role in determining retail pricing, online advertising, loan qualification, and airport security. In this work, Martin Ebers and Susana Navas bring together a group of scholars and practitioners from across Europe and the US to analyze how this shift from human actors to computers presents both practical and conceptual challenges for legal and regulatory systems. This book should be read by anyone interested in the intersection between computer science and law, how the law can better regulate algorithmic design, and the legal ramifications for citizens whose behavior is increasingly dictated by algorithms.