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ABSTRACTThe Reformation then became a momentum for improving the issues of upholding human rights in Indonesia, where human rights matters formally entered into the division of power. On the one hand, for the first time, a ministry was formed specifically to deal with human rights matters. While outside the executive body, Law No. 39 of 1999 strengthens the position of the National Commission of Human Rights which has actually been established since 1993. This phenomenon then raises a problem statement, on how bureaucratization of human rights after Reformation is manifested through the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission and the Ministry of Human Rights. It was found that each institution gained legitimacy from political dynamics in a more democratic public space. Between the state ministries for human rights and the National Commission of Human Rights, the principle of check and balances was carried out in their role as an organ of the Indonesian bureaucracy. On the one hand, the state minister for human rights is an extension of the executive's hand in managing human rights matters. As a counterweight, the National Human Rights Commission carries out the role of the state auxiliary bodies to monitor the government's human rights work.Keywords: Politic of Law, Bureaucratization, Human Rigths, Ministry of Law and Human Rights Affairs, National Commission of Human Rights. ABSTRAKPeristiwa Reformasi menjadi momentum perbaikan urusan penegakan HAM di Indonesia, di mana urusan HAM secara formal masuk ke dalam pembagian kekuasaan negara. Di satu sisi, untuk pertama kalinya dibentuk satu kementerian yang secara khusus menangani urusan HAM. Sementara di luar lembaga eksekutif, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 menguatkan kedudukan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia yang sejatinya telah terbentuk sejak tahun 1993. Fenomena ini kemudian menimbulkan satu rumusan permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana birokratisasi urusan HAM pasca reformasi termanifestasi melalui pembentukan Komnas HAM dan kementerian urusan HAM. ...

Craving is a central issue in the care of people with problems due to the use of alcohol and other drugs, and is considered an inability to control the desire for consumption. However, there is no clear definition of this phenomenon. We investigated the concept of will in the works of Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934), considering that his approach could contribute to understanding the craving. We reviewed the literature on craving and performed a focal analysis of the concept of will in selected texts by Vygotsky. Despite the controversies over the definition of the craving phenomenon, Vygotsky's proposition that the will is a superior psychological function mediated by auxiliary motives makes it possible to deepen the understanding of the craving. Craving management thus depends not only on individual initiative, but also on questions about the social, political, and historical logic that presides over the meanings of drug use. ; A fissura (craving) é questão central no cuidado a pessoas com problemas decorrentes do uso de álcool e outras drogas, sendo considerada uma incapacidade de controlar o desejo pelo consumo. Contudo, não há definição unívoca desse fenômeno. Investigou-se o conceito de vontade em Lev S. Vygotski (1896-1934), considerando-se que sua abordagem poderia contribuir para a compreensão da fissura. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura acerca do craving e uma análise focal do conceito de vontade em textos selecionados de Vygotski. Não obstante as controvérsias sobre a definição do fenômeno da fissura, a proposição de Vygotski acerca da vontade como função psicológica superior mediada por motivos auxiliares possibilita ampliar a compreensão do craving. O manejo da fissura, assim, depende não somente de uma iniciativa individual, mas também de questionamentos sobre a lógica social, política e histórica que preside os significados sobre o uso de drogas.

La formación clínica del psicólogo como psicoterapeuta en la carrera de grado en la Argentina ha sido un tema abordado ampliamente por distintos autores a partir de un sesgo histórico y documental. Antes de la creación de las carreras de Psicología en la Universidad pública, la psicoterapia en la Argentina era un dominio profesional de la medicina, avalado por la Ley 12912, promulgada en 1954 bajo la actuación de Ramón Carrillo como Ministro de Salud de la Nación. Según la ordenanza 2282, el ejercicio de la psicoterapia y el psicoanálisis correspondía únicamente a los médicos, mientras que los egresados de carreras menores (técnicos auxiliares en temas sociales) solo podían figurar como "colaboradores". Por ello, intentar explicar los resortes epistémicos, clínicos y políticos que posibilitaron que la carrera de grado del psicólogo en nuestro país permitiera el ejercicio profesional como psicoterapeuta requiere introducir un factor decisivo: la difusión y la implantación del psicoanálisis en nuestro país. ; The clinical training of the psychologist as a psychotherapist in the degree course in Argentina has been an issue widely approached by different authors, based on a historical and documentary bias. Prior to the creation of psychology careers at the public university, psychotherapy in Argentina das a professional donan of medicine, endorsed by Law 12912, promulgated in 1954 under the performance of Ramón Carrillo as Minister of Health of the Nation. According to Ordinance 2282, the practice of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis belonged solely to physicians, whereas graduates of minor careers (auxiliary technicians in social matters) could only appear as "collaborators". For this reason, trying to explain the epistemic, clinical and political springs that made it possible for the psychologist's degree career in our country to allow professional practice as a psychotherapist requires a decisive factor: the diffusion and implementation of psychoanalysis in our country. ; Mesas autoconvocadas: Psicoanálisis - La formación del psicólogo clínico en la Argentina: psicoanálisis/psicoterapia ; Facultad de Psicología

[EN] The following research explores the feasibility of building effective design storms for extreme hydrological regimes, such as the one which characterizes the rainfall regime of the east and south-east of the Iberian Peninsula, without employing intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves as a starting point. Nowadays, after decades of functioning hydrological automatic networks, there is an abundance of high-resolution rainfall data with a reasonable statistic representation, which enable the direct research of temporal patterns and inner structures of rainfall events at a given geographic location, with the aim of establishing a statistical synthesis directly based on those observed patterns. The authors propose a temporal design storm defined in analytical terms, through a two-parameter gamma-type function. The two parameters are directly estimated from 73 independent storms identified from rainfall records of high temporal resolution in Valencia (Spain). All the relevant analytical properties derived from that function are developed in order to use this storm in real applications. In particular, in order to assign a probability to the design storm (return period), an auxiliary variable combining maximum intensity and total cumulated rainfall is introduced. As a result, for a given return period, a set of three storms with different duration, depth and peak intensity are defined. The consistency of the results is verified by means of comparison with the classic method of alternating blocks based on an IDF curve, for the above mentioned study case. ; This work was supported by the Regional Government of Valencia (Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport) through the project "Formulacion de un hietograma sintetico con reproduccion de las relaciones de dependencia entre variables de evento y de la estructura interna espacio-temporal" (reference GV/2015/064). ; García Bartual, RL.; Andrés Doménech, I. (2017). A two-parameter design storm for Mediterranean convective ...

Anthropology in colonial contexts: a tale of two countries and some / Jan van Bremen and Akitoshi Shimizu -- Anthropology in colonial contexts: the second Kamchatka expedition (1733-1743) and the Danish-German Arabia expedition (1761-1767) / Han F. Vermeulen -- Academic traditions, urban dynamics and colonial threat: the rise of ethnography in early modern Japan / Margarita Winkel -- From texts to bodies: Brian Houghton Hodgson and the emergence of ethnology in India / Peter Pels -- Nationalist anthropology in Taiwan 1945-1996, a reflexive survey / Fred Y.L. Chiu -- Colonialism and the development of modern anthropology in Japan / Akitoshi Shimizu -- Assimilation from within, appropriation from without: the folklore-studies and ethnology of Ryūkyū/Okinawa / Patrick Beillevaire -- Japanese colonialism and the investigation of Taiwanese 'old customs' / Timothy Y. Tsu -- The natives next-door: ethnology in colonial Korea / Boudewijn Walraven -- Japanese colonial policy and anthropology in Manchuria / Katsumi Nakao -- Staging ethnography: theatre and Japanese colonialism / Jennifer Robertson -- Toilet training, shame, and the influence of alien cultures: cultural anthropologists and American policy making for postwar Japan 1944-1945 / Rudolf V.A. Janssens -- Colonial ideologies and ethnological discourses: a comparison of the United Faculties at Leiden and Utrecht / Jan de Wolf -- Crossing borders, healing wounds: Leiden anthropology and the colonial encounter 1917-1949 / Michael Prager -- The Japanese and Dutch anthropology of insular South-East Asia in the colonial period 1879-1949 / Jan van Bremen -- Colonialism, anthropology and the politics of professionalisation: an argumentative afterword / Eyal Ben-Ari

Intersex people suffer human rights abuses and harms because of non-consensual early medical interventions. They have historically been rendered outside of welfare regimes and equality, diversity and inclusion policies, or forcibly subsumed within sex-binaried institutions. This article draws on critical intersex studies to interrogate the policy silences and collusions that have taken place regarding intersex people's suffering. Using Ireland and England as case studies, we show that current formations of equality and diversity policies are inadequate in relation to intersex issues. Analysis of policy documents from Ireland and the UK using Bacchi's method reveals the erasure and/or marginalisation of intersex people, despite some stated commitments to gender and sexual equality. We conclude that there is a pressing need for social policy work around intersex issues and for reform to support intersex people's equality, diversity and inclusion.

This book discusses the extent to which the diagnoses and reform recommendations of recent work on innovation theory and the related policy recommendations actually apply to Japan and China. It examines the present design and reasons underlying the Japanese and Chinese innovation systems, and based on those findings, emphasises the necessity for reform if the future competitiveness of these countries is to be secured.

This text provide students with a comprehensive guide to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australia. The result of extensive research and experience, it offers fresh insights into a range of topics and, most importantly, is written by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander academics. It addresses topics ranging from history and reconciliation, to literature and politics, to art, sport and health. It presents social, cultural and political perspectives on these areas in a manner that is accessible to undergraduate students from a range of backgrounds and academic disciplines. Each chapter opens with a precis of the author's journey to engage students and offer them an insight into the author's experiences. These authentic voices encourage students to think about the wider issues surrounding each chapter and their real-life implications. This text emphasises the importance of relationships between non-Indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures

Australian higher education institutions are increasingly operating within broader political, economic and social frameworks and the global context. The link between productivity and high level skills and qualifications and the importance of establishing a systematic process for ensuring increased participation of those from under-represented groups have been emphasised. In relation to the law profession in Australia, over the past twenty years there has been a proliferation of law schools established to meet increasing demand, with higher student numbers and greater diversity of backgrounds evident. Concerns about the stresses on law students and the consequences for their mental well-being (especially compared to students in other disciplines) have come to the fore following recent research into the issue. In 2007, funding was provided to the Council of Australian Law Deans (CALD) to establish a national exploration of approaches to and the practices of legal education, with the aim of ensuring the provision of high quality outcomes for the increasingly diverse range of legal education students. A key focus was building legal academic skills in using scaffolded learning approaches through establishing collaborative workshops. Surveys, baseline data analysis and network meetings were some of the other methodological processes utilised in the project. The collaborative workshop processes occurring at a national level, resulted in the development of quality assessment tasks in areas such as group work and reflection, with positive written feedback being obtained. This paper focuses on the links between wider assessment approaches within graduate attributes and catering for student diversity. Relevance for redefining effective academic practice within other professional disciplines in the changing contexts of higher education is evident.

Dass sich Hochschulregionen tendenziell besser entwickeln als Regionen ohne Hochschule ist bekannt und die dazu beitragenden regionalen Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenseffekte der Hochschulen sind inzwischen gut untersucht. Forschungsbedarf gibt es dagegen zu den Kanälen, Erfolgsfaktoren und Governance-Formen des regionalen Transfers, der Rolle von Hochschulen als Agenten für regionale Nachhaltigkeit und den räumlichen Wirkungen von Wissenschaftspolitik. Alle diese Fragestellungen können in ihrer Wechselwirkung mit dem normativen Konzept der Nachhaltigkeit untersucht werden, welches sich in Dimensionen des institutionellen Wettbewerbs und der politischen Forderung nach mehr gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung der Hochschulen ausprägt. Diese Orientierung auf die Third Mission der Hochschulen steht in einem Spannungsverhältnis zu den Instrumenten einer effizienzorientierten Wissenschaftspolitik, etwa der Exzellenzinitiative.

International audience ; La discipline n'a jamais été totalement étrangère aux finances publiques, comme le montre par exemple l'institution d'une « Cour de discipline budgétaire » par la loi n° 48-1484 du 25 septembre 1948 1. Mais elle a pris une nouvelle dimension depuis la « crise des dettes souveraines 2 » dans laquelle se sont enfoncés la plupart des Etats européens depuis 2008. Dans ce contexte, l'intérêt de Michel Foucault pour les rapports d'assujettissement et de domination trouve en la matière une résonance inédite. La transformation profonde que connaissent les finances publiques sous l'influence de la « rationalité politique néolibérale 3 » les éloigne des considérations démocratiques qui fondaient jusqu'ici le droit applicable. Les finances publiques tendent à échapper au peuple, titulaire de la souveraineté, et à entrer « dans l'âge de l'orthopédie sociale 4 » avec la mise en place de la gouvernementalité néo-libérale. Comme le relève Foucault, le droit, à travers les règles, principes, techniques, procédures juridiques, prend sa part dans la mise en oeuvre des rapports de domination/assujettissement qui s'installent nouvellement entre personnes publiques et privées ou bien même entre personnes publiques : « Le droit, il faut le voir, (…) non du côté d'une légitimité à fixer, mais du côté des procédures d'assujettissement qu'il met en oeuvre. 5 » Dans les finances publiques contemporaines, les mécanismes de discipline qui adviennent par le droit en mutation s'articulent autour de deux faits économiques devenus structurants du discours économique, politique, juridique, administratif : la dette publique d'une part ; le déficit public d'autre part. Ils constituent deux des critères de convergence posés par le Traité sur l'Union économique et monétaire (dit Traité de Maastricht) du 7 février 1992, et figurent toujours dans l'actuel Traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne (TFUE). Mais l'adoption d'un point de vue foucaldien oblige le juriste à décaler son regard pour penser les notions de ...

Responses to major disasters tend to be complex, not merely because of the size and scale of operations and the number of countries and agencies involved, but also because of the range of functions represented by these organizations. A full-scale emergency response can involve people trained in at least 35 different disciplines and professions. This increasing sophistication of modern emergency response makes the process of coordination a particularly challenging one. It involves matching urgent needs with available resources in the most rapid and efficient way possible: timely mobilization an