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Today, Europeans are facing a large migration crisis in the Mediterranean. To tackle this humanitarian crisis, while the European Union (EU) decides maritime security operation called "Sophia" in 2015, NATO has played a supportive and complementary role to Operation Sophia in the Mediterranean with its maritime security operation called "Sea Guardian" since 2016. In this connection, the objective of the thesis work has tried to answer this research question: "To what extent is the EU and NATO maritime security cooperation effective with a specific focus on Operation Sophia and Operation Sea Guardian in the Mediterranean?" In this thesis work, for measurement of this effectiveness, the criteria based on six strategic actions for maritime security operations which are framed by the "Maritime Security Operations (MSO) Concept". In addition, for the answering of this research question, the research has made use of qualitative research methods. The data is derived from primary and secondary resources. Two organizations' official documents and presidents' speeches of both organizations' member states are used as the primary resources. Books and articles from social sciences databases are used as secondary resources. When the criteria based on six actions for MSO are analyzed, this analysis shows as follows: lack of political willingness; NATO as not the right partner for non-military issues like migration crisis; lack of maximum maritime domain awareness due to the inability of information sharing; lack of consent of the UNSCR or Libyan government for Operation Sophia's deployment from high seas to Libyan territorial waters and so the existence of some problems related to jurisdictional arrangements; and lastly even if both organizations have cooperated with commercial shipping agencies in the Mediterranean, these agencies are not the right partner for the humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean. The result is that while the EU and NATO have very ambitions both on declarations and at summits, there are factors ...

This article examines the role of the European Union in multilateral diplomacy. By means of synthesizing and summarizing research on seven selected policy fields, the article aims to make more general claims than single policy or single case studies allow. The analysis focuses on five analytical dimensions: governance (that is, how the EU handles multilateral diplomacy in different international institutions); the role of EU domestic politics; negotiation style(s); outreach; and impact. As the seven policy fields comprise some very diverse issue-areas, it would not be wise to expect any uniform approach or general findings. However, the analysis does show that the EU is increasingly engaged in multilateral diplomacy, actually playing a leadership role in some policy fields. Findings do not correspond to traditional expectations concerning the EU's engagement in politico-economic and security issues, as the EU plays a limited role in financial and macro-economic diplomacy and a fairly significant role in non-proliferation and crisis management. The article suggests that an extension to more policy fields and more analytical dimensions would provide the comprehensive understanding of the European Union's role in multilateral diplomacy that the engagement deserves. Adapted from the source document.

This is a 1968 report generated by the Union County (S.C.) Chamber of Commerce and the South Carolina State Development Board to provide potential industrial developers with information about industry in Union County and to promote new development. The report includes detailed statistics and descriptive information about industry in Union County in the form of text statements as well as charts and maps. This information covers, at the county and city levels: community services, public services, local climate, available natural resources, local government, local commerce and financial resources, communications, labor supply, education, taxation information (individual and corporate), utility and transportation availability, fuel supply, local recreation, current industries, and industrial site availability.

Uninterrupted, high quality, affordable, and sufficient access to energy services is essential to human life. The European Union has recognized this in recent years by providing greater protection to vulnerable and energy poor households, and by requiring States to provide various forms of support to them. The EU's new Clean Energy for All Package aims to further increase protection for households, particularly by requiring Member States to define, assess and report on the number of energy poor households within their territory and to indicate the measures they intend to take to address the situation. While the Clean Energy Package stopped short of recognizing a new legally binding 'right to energy' for all individuals, sought after by European civil society organizations, the concept of the '(human) right to energy' is gaining considerable traction in law, policy and advocacy all around the world. The new Electricity Directive 2019/944 now also affirms that 'it respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights'. Clearly, the 'right to energy' can be formulated in different manners, for example as referring to affordable, reliable, uninterrupted, high quality, clean or renewable energy supply or services, or as the right to a warm home. The 'right to energy' can also be posited in various ways, as a moral right, a call to action, a policy objective or legally enforceable right, the latter through constitutions, human rights treaties or in energy laws. This brief zooms in on a range of recent developments at EU regional and national level, and specifically sets out what such a right might mean in practice.

This article analyzes the illegal migration from Moldova into the EU countries. The main routes to the EU countries are through Romania, Ukraine, Turkey and other countries. Each route has its own specific features, such as transport availability, visa / visa free regimes, etc. The author researches illegal Moldovan migration patterns ("green zone" passage, fake ID passage, breaking of labour and residential laws of the receiving country, etc.). Much attention is also attributed to researching the activity of national actors and their cooperation, as well as organization and realization of illegal labour migration. An attempt to determine the scale and trends of illegal Moldovan labour migration is made, based on statistical data. The author also unravels the Moldovan counter-illegal migration policy. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

The contributors collected here discuss the patterns of continuity and change, success and failure observed in seven policy areas - environment, social regulation, regional policy, the single market, agriculture, EMU and foreign policy - in order to investigate how policy formulated and implemented in Greece has changed as a result of EU membership; why Greek authorities have managed to implement EU policy more successfully in some policy areas than in others and whether Greek public opinion vis-à-vis the EU changed over time.This book argues that although the widely-held belief that Greece is