Suchergebnisse

IntroduzioneL'importanza dei problemi legati all'azione collettiva — e più in generale alla cooperazione — per lo studio della politica non può essere trascurata. In effetti, è difficile trovare un'area della vita sociale in cui siano assenti. Alcuni di questi problemi trovano delle soluzioni; molti altri no. A questo riguardo, si è spesso fatto uso del dilemma del prigioniero, in cui la defezione domina indipendentemente dalle decisioni attese da parte dei singoli attori. Sebbene tuttavia tale modello fornisca importanti spunti per comprendere le complesse dinamiche legate a un'interazione tra più individui, tende a sottovalutare il ruolo delle aspettative, con conseguenze rilevanti sia da un punto di vista teorico che di policy making.

Less developed countries (LDCs) have seen considerable business cycles in recent decades. At the same time they have significantly increased their external‐debt‐to‐GDP ratios. It seems natural to suspect that increased indebtedness and the amplified cycles are linked. The paper presents a simple macroeconomic model to formalize this connection. External debt is the novelty of this model. The paper's main contribution is to calibrate the dynamic parameter using the World Development Indicator. It is found that the LDC dynamic behavior is generally non‐oscillatory. Alarmingly though, the dynamic convergent system in the 1970s has been replaced by one of divergence.

In this paper, I explore the experiences of women who found refuge in Serbia during the war in the former Yugoslavia. I look at the women's experiences of both leaving home and coping with everyday life in refuge. The exploration of refugee women's experiences is mainly based on analyses of their own stories, which I collected while researching women and war. In spite of all the hardship of their lives, refugee women who fled to Serbia have been treated by Western media, the public and aid organizations as 'UNPEOPLE' or as non-existent. Making their experiences visible as women, refugees and citizens is the main purpose of this article.

This paper deals with the dynamics of internationalisation and globalisation of the freight‐forwarding and logistics service providers. A case study, based on E.ON, Stinnes, Schenker, BTL and other European and non‐European firms, is presented in order to illustrate the process. The organisation and strategies developed by the firms under study with the aim to expand their activities on European, transnational and global levels are presented. The information was gathered using the Internet as a research tool. Focus is placed on the organisational routes used by the firms in order to expand their activities outside of their home base, and on their business strategies.

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory study of the spontaneous production of 11 French children clinically diagnosed as specific language impaired (SLI). In a cross‐sectional study of the children under and over 5 years of age, we investigate the production of finite and non‐finite verbal forms, of sentences with overt and null subjects, and of pronominal clitics. A comparison between younger and older children with SLI highlights developmental patterns which parallel normal syntactic development in important respects, though at a slower pace. An area of difficulty which clearly persists for the older group involves the domain of pronominal complement clitics.

Le départ à la retraite des «baby boomers» entraînera une contraction de la population active. Pour les seuls métiers d'infirmières et de sages-femmes, 172300 postes seront à pourvoir. Concernant les établissements de court séjour gériatrique, cette prévision démographique comporte une double implication : – une augmentation des demandes de prise en charge, les soins étant effectués par de nouveaux professionnels pas toujours suffisamment aguerris à faire face à des situations organisationnelles et humaines complexes; – la nécessité de conduire une profonde réflexion sur l'anticipation des besoins non seulement en termes de compétences mais aussi de distribution optimale en interne de ces mêmes compétences.

This article presents the results of a survey on the interest of managed care organizations (MCOs) in developing a "cash and counseling" (C&C) option for delivering long-term personal assistance services. Forty-five percent of the respondents expressed interest, at least for some clients. Although specific experience with consumer direction did not have an effect, three organizational factors—larger size, non-PACE, and not limited to the elderly—predicted MCOs' willingness to consider this option. Respondents' comments give insights on concerns and benefits. This study provides a baseline that can inform further investigation of the compatibility of managed care and "Cash and Counseling."

Résumé L'importation du modèle du réalisme socialiste en Roumanie après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale a entraîné non seulement la restructuration de l'espace littéraire roumain, mais aussi la perte relative de son autonomie, par la subordination aux directives politiques. C'est à travers la création d'institutions littéraires nouvelles, subordonnées au parti communiste, que la promotion, l'assimilation et le fonctionnement du réalisme socialiste ont été assurés pour une vingtaine d'année. Retracer l'implantation du réalisme socialiste en Roumanie c'est étudier, de ce fait, les transformations culturelles et politiques qui ont permis l'accueil du modèle importé, observer les canaux institutionnels de sa diffusion et ses concrétisations dans le contexte roumain.

This document examines foreign direct investment (FDI) when multinationals and labour unions bargain over labour contracts and lobby the self-interested government for taxation and labour market regulation. We demonstrate that right-to-manage bargaining predicts higher returns for FDI than does non-unionization or efficient bargaining. This advantage is further magnified in the presence of credible wage contracts. When the labour market is nonunionized, or there is a bargain over employment, the ruling elite reaps the surplus of FDI through taxation or regulation. In the absence of credible contracts, unions have incentives to claim a bigger share of the revenue of FDI.

H. Theil has made important contributions to the analysis of simultaneous-equations models. This paper gives an exposition of some closely related recent developments in microeconometrics, with a focus on efforts to develop robust methods for dynamic policy evaluation. We set the stage with a brief discussion of the static treatment-effect approach to program evaluation and non-parametric structural models. We then critically analyze the dynamic treatment-effects approach adopted from statistics. Finally, we review the eventhistory approach. We clarify some of the fundamental problems that arise in the analysis of such models by rephrasing a canonical version as a simultaneous-equations model.

This paper presents a positive theory of centralization of political decisions in an international union. My central claim is that lobbies play a role in determining the assignment of competencies to the union because their power of influence can increase or decrease under centralization. I show that in this setting a misallocation of prerogatives between the international union and national governments can be an outcome, both leading to excessive decentralization and/or non necessary centralization. This result reconciles a partial inconsistency that recent studies pointed out between the allocation of prerogatives in the EU and normative criteria, as laid out in the theoretical literature.

This paper examines the restructuring of state assets in markets deregulated by privatizations and investment liberalizations. We show that the government has a stronger incentive to restructure than the buyer: A firm restructuring only takes into account how much its own profit will increase. The government internalizes that restructuring increases the sales price not only from the increase in the acquirer's profit, but also from a reduced profit for the non-acquirer, whose profits decrease due to its rival's restructuring. We also identify situations where a slow sale can significantly reduce the sales price because of strategic investment and product market effects.

This paper develops an axiomatic approach to the measurement of social exclusion. At the individual level, social exclusion is viewed in terms of deprivation of the person concerned with respect to different functionings in the society. At the aggregate level we treat social exclusion as a function of individual exclusions. The class of subgroup decomposable social exclusion measures using a set of independent axioms is identified. We then look at the problem of ranking exclusion profiles by exclusion dominance principle under certain restrictions. Finally, applications of decomposable and non-decomposable measures suggested in the paper using European Union and Italian data are also considered.

This work examines some of the ethical problems of the HIV disease in Nigeria. The first part argues that the spread if HIV has been facilitated in the country not just because of sexual promiscuity or harmful cultural practices, but also mainly as a result of socio-economic situations or problems in the country. The second part, analysing the principles of responsibility, non-discrimination, confidentiality and justice, examines the preventive strategies that are needed to curb the infection rate of the disease. The study also deals with specific moral issues in the prevention of the disease namely, the prophylactics debate and the needle exchange programs.

'Groupthink' refers to a situation in which decision makers seek to achieve concurrence among group members more than to make calculated, carefully considered decisions. In this study, the theory is explored in the case of the 1990-91 Persian Gulf crisis, with particular emphasis on President George Bush's inner circle. Using rare interviews and primary sources, it is revealed that some important conditions of the theory were present that affected how decisions were made, and it is explained theoretically why the outcome was none the less positive, contrary to what the theory would seem to predict. (British Journal of Political Science / FUB)