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A review essay on a book by Paul Q. Hirst, Law, Socialism and Democracy (Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1986 [see listing in IRPS No. 48]). Hirst makes an important attempt to grapple with the question of the compatibility of socialism, individual liberty, & democracy. The work criticizes traditional Marxist theory & outlines an agenda of economic & political democratization. Hirst's coverage of a broad range of issues means that some are dealt with briefly; but implications from his book may be more far-reaching than he intended. The construction of a broad social theory of contemporary capitalism is seen as necessary. F. S. J. Ledgister

Toleration is a core issue within contemporary political debates. In this book distinguished public figures, including philosophers, historians, lawyers and religious leaders reflect on the importance of tolerance and the dangers of intolerance, both historically and in the present day. George Carey and Julia Neuberger concentrate on the issues surrounding religious toleration while Helena Kennedy emphasises the role of toleration in legal contexts. Christopher Hill takes an historical approach, looking at toleration in 17th century England while Bernard Williams discusses the idea of philosophical justification of toleration. Garrett Fitzgerald concentrates in the idea of Toleration and Solidarity while Michael Ignatieff discusses the highly topical issue of Nationalism and Toleration. Alasdair McIntyre concludes with an examination of Toleration and the Goodof Conflict. This book collectively offers an accessible and engaging commentary on the role of toleration in several areas of modern life and will be of interest to a wide range of readers

Governments have an important role at defining the course of the economy. It is crucial, therefore, to understand their behaviour, their motivations and the factors underlying their policies, once the economy evolution can not be dissociated from the institutional and political background. This paper tests the relation between the economy and politics at the local administration level. Specifically, using a Portuguese municipalities`panel dataset, it tests opportunistics and partisan behaviour of local governments, either on instruments of local economic policy or on local economic outcomes. The main findings are: (i) local governments adopt an opportunistics behaviour, observed both on instruments and outcomes; and (ii) there is no evidence of partisan behaviour whatsoever. These results lead to important issues at light of the Stability and Growth Pact requirements. ; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - Programa Operacional Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação ...

Limiting Institutions examines the security threats in Eurasia and the role of institutions in the post-Cold War international environment. It looks at both the crucial aspect of foreign policy as well as a theoretical area of security studies and its impact in the former Soviet States including Russia, Belarus, Armenia, the Ukraine and Moldova. The first section addresses the important and varied range of security threats to this area of the world, and examines the range of responses open to European countries and to the United States. Threats such as ethnic conflict, transnational crime, and environmental and energy security issues are examined in depth. The second section addresses an important theoretical issue, namely the role that international institutions can perhaps play as arbiters of conflict and facilitators of cooperation in a region abutting the European political space. The role of the OSCE, NATO, the European Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Council are consequently examined closely. The contributors are scholars with solid international reputations, and the book will be of benefit to students of international relations and conflict analysis.

"Discussion and solutions to pressing policy challenges are presented to help presidential candidates, political observers, and the informed public focus on critical issues facing the nation leading up to the 2008 elections. Tackles a broad range of issues, organized under three categories: Our World, Our Society, and Our Prosperity"--Provided by publisher

Discusses the dramatic rise of the right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP) to become virtually the largest party in the country which, under the guise of defending tradition, is calling the foundations of the electoral system into question.

This current text, which is the second of two issues, carries out an approach of investigations conducted in the past decade and at the beginning of the present decade on the reparation processes, within the context of transitional justice processes, in countries which are on the way to peace, and from dictatorship to democracy. We review research dealing with the consequences of the reparation and transition processes of victims, in the reconstruction of the social fabric, in the generation of reconciliation processes, and the transformation of the individual and collective subject. ; El presente texto segundo de dos entregas, realiza un acercamiento a las investigaciones realizadas en la pasada década y a comienzos de la presente sobre los procesos de reparación, en el marco de procesos de justicia transicional en países en procesos que van de la guerra a la paz y de la dictadura a la democracia. Se revisan investigaciones que versan sobre las consecuencias de los procesos de reparación y de transición en las víctimas, en la reconstrucción del tejido social, en la generación de procesos de reconciliación y la transformación del sujeto individual y colectivo.

This special issue of Political Analysis hopefully marks a watershed in how we as a discipline think about modeling time-series—cross-section (TSCS) data. By that I mean moving beyond thinking of TSCS data as only presenting a series of technical estimation problems that are seen as violations of the Gauss-Markov assumptions, problems that can be treated by better estimation methods. The articles in this special issue point to ways of moving forward in thinking of TSCS data as providing opportunities to model intrinsic and important features of the data (while also paying attention to the various statistical issues).

de 2002 à novembre 2007 since 2002 to 2007 (november) ; Since 1948, the Middle Eastern conflict is an important issue in international relationships and Law. During that year, the British mandate on Palestine collapsed and the State of Israel was created. But, yet, at the beginning, a war between Sionists, Arabic countries, and Palestinians fixes « borders » between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Moreover, in 1967, a new issue appears, the relationships with the Occupied Territories. Consequently, Israel has two questions about its borders to manage : the classical question of borders between States and an internal question with the Palestinians about a new State. This research tries to demonstrate the ways used by local and international partners to find a solution to this legal question, cause of the local instability and widely. This work is founded on Law, History, Political Science (particularly, the study of Arabist and Sionist ideologies during the XXth century) and international relationships. All these elements will permit us to find a coherence about failures and successes since 1948 in the story of the Middle East and the fact that the State of Israel has only two borders internationally recognized with Jordan and Egypt, more than 50 years after its birth. ; La question moyenne-orientale est dans l'actualité depuis 1948. C'est en cette année que se crée l'Etat d'Israël sur les décombres du mandat britannique en Palestine. Dès le commencement, la guerre va commencer à fixer les frontières entre Israël et ses voisins arabes. Cependant, après 1967, une nouvelle question va apparaître, celle des relations avec les Territoires occupés. En conséquence, l'Etat d'Israël aura deux questions frontalières à gérer : la question interétatique classique et la question interne avec les Palestiniens. Cette recherche tente de démontrer les voies employées par les différents acteurs régionaux et internationaux pour trouver une solution à cette question juridique qui cause l'instabilité régionale. On s'appuiera sur le ...