Suchergebnisse

The article examines a reform of internal immigration policing in Finland. It discusses the public debate on ethnic profiling and the legal reform process of regulating immigration law enforcement by the Finnish government from 2013 to 2015 through an analysis of official documents and media coverage. The reform included elements of both criminalisation of migration and human rights protections. The Finnish government added a ban on ethnic profiling in the Aliens Act. At the same time, it gave the police and the border guard more powers to conduct identity checks on foreign citizens. The paper argues that regulation and practices of immigration policing are affected by power positions of different national actors and the nature of public debate. The presence of ethnic minorities and representatives of civil society during the policy process and public discussions on ethnic and racial profiling in Finland was negligible. Both immigration policing and immigration law enforcement policy-making risk repeating formally equal patterns that are, in practice, biased. ; Peer reviewed

This dissertation identifies Korean international students as immigrants, as conduits of knowledge transfer, and as agents of change. Part of the American Cold War policy was to establish Korea's higher educational institutions with a core group of US-educated people. Figuring prominently in this story is the US government's use of foreign assistance as a diplomatic tool to build its influence abroad. The Korean government readily accepted the aid but imprinted its designs on the American blueprint to reflect its own goal of building a modern nation-state. American universities under contract with the US government assisted the redesign of key departments at Seoul National University (SNU) and the establishment of Korea Advanced Institute of Science (KAIS). Planned as model universities or paradigms for other Korean institutes of higher education, both national institutes became the standard bearers of "modern" knowledge. Both projects favored US-educated Koreans. To this end, the majority of the faculty members in the departments selected for restructuring at SNU was sent to the US to be trained and the overwhelming majority of KAIS' inaugural faculty members held doctoral degrees from the United States. The benefits and prestige associated with an American education in the Korean society contributed to a positive cultural representation of the US as a whole. This caused a growing number of Koreans to immigrate to the US to pursue their studies. These international students were central to Korean American immigration. They were information brokers, the first links to chain migration, and contributors to the changing racial and ethnic make-up of the American population in the twentieth century.

Uses Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples for 1910-1990 & the 1996 Current Population Survey to tabulate the distribution of all foreign-born Mexicans & recent (within 5 years) Mexican immigrants to the US by state & metropolitan area. Findings show that, early in the century, Mexicans went primarily to TX, but after 1910, CA emerged as a growing pole of attraction. CA continued to gain at the expense of TX through the 1920s & 1930s, but it did not surpass TX until the Bracero Program of 1942-1964. Following the demise of this program, CA came to dominate all other destinations; but since 1990, Mexican immigration has shifted away from it toward new states that have never before received significant numbers of Mexicans. During the 1990s, Mexican immigration was transformed from a regional to a national phenomenon. By 1996, nearly 33% of new arrivals were going to places other than the five traditional gateway states, which historically have absorbed 90% of all Mexican immigrants. 4 Tables, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.