Suchergebnisse

Machine politics are a phenomenon tracing back to Irish immigration to the United States between 1870 & 1950. They were designed to win elections by mobilizing clients primarily through the distribution of public employment, as well as through personal relations & ethnic solidarity. The historiographical debate concerns the role played by political machine among poor immigrants. The case of machine politics underscores the usefulness of examining patronage to study specific trajectories for immigrant groups' interaction into American society. Adapted from the source document.

Immigration enforcement cooperation between final destination and transit countries has increased in the last decades. However, the question whether these measures are successful in deterring undocumented migrants has not been previously explored by the empirical literature. This paper examines whether the Southern Border Plan, an immigration enforcement program implemented by the Mexican government in 2014, has curbed intentions of unauthorized migrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras to migrate to the United States. Combining surveys from Central American and Mexican deportees and using a DiD approach, I find that increased enforcement in Mexico decreases the likelihood of attempting repeated unauthorized crossings. The results indicate that in the short-run the cooperation between destination and transit countries could be effective in deterring undocumented migrants. ; Zur Verbesserung der Zuwanderungskontrolle gab es in den vergangenen Jahren vermehrt Kooperationen zwischen Zielländern von Einwanderern und Transitstaaten. Die Frage, ob diese Maßnahmen nicht dokumentierte Migration erfolgreich reduzieren konnten, wurde bisher jedoch nicht empirisch analysiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob der Southern Border Plan, ein durch die mexikanische Regierung im Jahr 2014 eigeführtes Programm zur Zuwanderungskontrolle, die Absichten von irregulären Migrantinnen und Migranten aus El Salvador, Guatemala und Honduras in Mexiko, in die Vereinigten Staaten weiterzureisen, reduziert hat. Mithilfe von Daten von mittelamerikanischen und mexikanischen abgeschobenen Migrantinnen und Migranten und unter Verwendung eines Differenzen-von-Differenzen-Ansatzes finde ich, dass eine erhöhte Kontrolle die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines erneuten versuchten irregulären Grenzübertritts der Migrantinnen und Migranten reduziert. Vor diesem Hintergrund scheint die Kooperation bei der Zuwanderungskontrolle zwischen Transit- und Zielland zumindest kurzfristig effektiv zu sein.

The European Union has been exposed to very dynamic social changes for the last decade, and the issues of migration, asylum, and the protection of the legal position of foreigners have become some of the most vibrant areas within the EU political agenda, in particular within the activities of the European Parliament. Relatively frequent migration policy changes within national legislation are the result of attempts to harmonize it with the recent EU acquis. In modern Croatian legislation, in accordance with the content of the applicable Aliens Act, there are visible attempts of legal balancing between the two dominant interests: the very extensive protection of social, political, economic, and other rights of immigrants and the security and protection of the national public policy. Nevertheless, understanding the legal position of foreigners in Croatian law demands consideration of various social and political factors and an extensive interpretation of the legal framework that has actively developed throughout history in our area. Taking into account the growing importance of immigration policy for the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the aim of this article is to determine the legal position of foreigners in the domain of private and public law throughout different periods of Croatian legal history and, ultimately, by comparing the results with the contemporary situation, question their continuity and offer some lessons for current immigration problems.

The article discusses about a Galician emigrant who was part of a military troop destined for the War of Arauco. He had established himself in the captaincy of Chile, leaving signifi cant offspring in the southern island of Chiloé -which name of conquest was precisely province of Nueva Galiciauntil today. It shows historical data on the migrant as well as some genealogical notes about the lineage itself, making evident the need to complete a study that already started some years ago. In summary, a contribution to the presence and heritage of Galician origin outside its borders. ; El artículo analiza el uso de la conocida como Proporción Armónica o Proporción Áurea en un tipo concreto de esculturas en el noroeste de la Iberia de la Edad del Hierro procedentes del sur de Gallaecia. Se propone que la aplicación de un concepto tan elaborado en la solución de una serie de problemas técnicos implica la existencia de artesanos especializados. Se considera que las esculturas de guerreros fueron un instrumento de legitimación de un grupo social dominante en un contexto de una sociedad de jefatura compleja. Estas esculturas, como artefactos ideológicos, fueron usadas en la Gallaecia de la tardía Edad del Hierro como una representación material del poder social. [gl] O artigo analiza o uso da coñecida como Proporción Harmónica ou Proporción Áurea nun tipo concreto de esculturas no noroeste da Iberia da Idade do Ferro procedentes do sur de Gallaecia. Proponse que a aplicación dun concepto tan elaborado na solución dunha serie de problemas técnicos implica a existencia de artesáns especializados. Considérase que as esculturas de guerreiros foron un instrumento de lexitimación dun grupo social dominante nun contexto dunha sociedade de xefatura complexa. Estas esculturas, como artefactos ideolóxicos, foron usadas na Gallaecia da tardía Idade do Ferro como unha representación material do poder social.

In recent years irregular immigration has attracted increasing scholarly attention. Current academic debate casts the irregular immigrant in the role of the new political subject who acts out a right to have rights and/or as the rightless victim who is subjected to violence and abuse. However, the conception of the irregular immigrant as harbinger of political change and/or victim reifies the persistent dichotomy between inclusion and exclusion. It ignores that irregular immigrants are not by definition excluded from a normal life and that numerous immigrants live in the interstices between full legal inclusion and exclusion without democratic legal order being cast to ruin. The question that underlies this essay is: What concept of law can accommodate the unauthorized presence of immigrants (i) without reducing them to bare life, struggling to survive and/or assigning them a political agency and (ii) without taking recourse to the use of force and violence in a zero-tolerance policy? To answer this question, this article draws on what Agamben has coined the potentiality of the law and unpacks Judith Shklar's idea of different degrees of legalism.

Immigration emerges as a relevant topic in the analysis of media coverage. This case of study identifies that the media coverage adopted a more predominantly political frame rather than a social or human frame. Also, there were significant differences between the presence of migrant and non-migrant news sources, while non-migrant speakers were not judgmental regarding migration. Likewise, news framing influences the selection of news coverage. The political frame over-represented the political actors and international institutions and under-represented migrants. Nevertheless, when it comes to the human-interest angle, migrants are the most common sources. Our results contribute to the literature regarding the description of the issue of immigration focused on the information sources. ; La inmigración es un tema relevante en el análisis de contenidos periodísticos. Este caso de estudio señala que en la cobertura mediática suele predominar el frame político sobre el marco social o humano. Además, existieron diferencias significativas entre la presencia de fuentes migrantes y no migrantes, aunque las fuentes no migrantes no fueron un altavoz crítico con la migración. Cuando la migración se cubre desde lo político, los actores políticos e instituciones internacionales están sobrerrepresentados mientras que los migrantes aparecen infrarrepresentados. Por el contrario, cuando el marco es el interés humano, los migrantes son las fuentes más recurridas. Los resultados contribuyen a la literatura existente al analizar la inmigración con énfasis en las fuentes informativas.

Deriving from the general theories of representation, as well as from the economic interest thesis on the issue of immigration, the paper examines the opinion congruence on the work-related immigration issue between voters, non-voters, elected MP candidates and non-elected MP candidates in the Finnish parliamentary elections of 2003. The study is based on the pooled data (N = 2,712) from the Finnish National Election Study 2003 and the Candidate Selection Machine 2003. The results show that the four groups have significant attitudinal differences, and that the more positive attitudes of candidates cannot be explained by group differences in social status. The opinion representation would thus not have worked better even if the electorate had voted based on social resemblance. Adapted from the source document.

By degrees it has come to pass that working men have been surrendered, isolated and helpless, to the hardheartedness of employers and the greed of unchecked competition … To this must be added that the hiring of labor and the conduct of trade are concentrated in the hands of comparatively few; so that a small number of very rich men have been able to lay upon the teeming masses of the laboring poor a yoke little better than that of slavery itself (Pope Leo XIII 1891).