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History is a tricky business, if only because history, as a phenomenon of the present, subject to scrutiny and manipulation, does not exist: it is, in a very real sense, made up. The study of the history of historical writing is a doubly tricky business because it is not merely what really happened in the past which determined the way people acted and wrote history, but also the way in which people perceived what happened. These complications require that one not only take into account what historians have said but also their perceptions of reality in their own times and the way that perception defined their conception of what was real in the past. Definition becomes the crux of the matter, for the way our predecessors wrote urban history depended upon their definition of their subject matter.

"Catalonia: A New History revises many traditional and romantic conceptions in the historiography of a small nation. This book engages with the scholarship of the past decade and separates nationalist myth-history from real historical processes. It is thus able to provide the reader with an analytical account, situating each historical period within its temporal context. Catalonia emerges as a territory where complex social forces interact, where revolts and rebellions are frequent. This is a contested terrain where political ideologies have sought to impose their interpretation of Catalan reality. This book situates Catalonia within the wider currents of European and Spanish history, from pre-history to the contemporary independence movement, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of nation-making"--

To the historian the map has traditionally been used as little more than a descriptive or illustrative device which helped clarity of exposition by enabling events to be located, campaigns comprehended and treaties interpreted. It was not in itself regarded as a critical instrument of analysis, other than in highly specialized, peripheral studies such as the history of exploration. Maps simply illustrated arguments based on documentary evidence; the map as a document, original or secondary, was regarded with great suspicion. Undoubtedly the inaccuracy of early maps was partly to blame, especially to an historian more concerned with delineatory accuracy than with what was contemporary perception of the world. But even if historical maps were acceptable in evidence, the derivation of conclusions from mapped material was barely permissible and usually, in reviews, the subject of severe warning if not actual stricture. These attitudes have largely disappeared over the last decade in line with changes in direction of historical research. Perhaps the earlier influence came from pre-historic archaeology, where in the nature of things there was no documentary evidence and inference had to be made from the distribution of characteristic artifacts. This, in itself, taking its methodology from geographical or locational analysis, has been translated into a study adopting sophisticated methods for the analysis of distribution patterns. Another important influence has been the majestic work of H. C. Darby in interpreting Domesday in cartographic terms and thereby demonstrating the significance of such an approach to a widely known historical document. Even so, it is in urban history that the use of map evidence and mapped material has made the greatest impact.

Introduction -- Part I: Guggenheim Prize Lecture -- The Myth of Money as a Veil -- Part II: Financial History -- British Investment Trusts 1868 to 1928: Portfolio Diversification and the Beginnings of Institutional Investment -- Early Reflections on the Democratization of Organized Markets and Their Regulations -- Keynes as Trader in Commodity Futures -- High-Frequency Trading and the Material Political Economy of Finance -- Part III: Lessons from History and Great Economists -- Marx and Hayek on "Real" Versus "Less Real": Explanations for the Fragility of Capitalism -- Financial Instability and Crises in Keynes's Monetary Thought -- Debt and Debt Management: Reflections on a Fable by Kalecki -- Part IV: Income Distribution and the Social Roots of Economic Crisis -- Desperation by Consent: Inequality and Financial Crises -- Inequality, Economic Policy and Household Credit in the US: The Roots of Unsustainable Finance -- Profitability, Stimulus Policy and Finance -- Part V: Today's Macroeconomics Confronts Economic Crises -- Some Reflections on Financial Instability in Macro Agents-Based Models: Genealogy and Objectives -- Financial Instability and Frictions: Can DSGE Models Finally Address the Critical Issues? -- Instability and Structural Dynamics in the Macroeconomy: A Policy Framework.

This catalogue provides a formalized list of acquisitions of key documents on the political developments in South Africa after the dramatic changes of 1989/90 which are kept by the South African History Archive. Apart from documents which focus at the national level, numerous important local level documents are listed, ranging from proposals issued by one of the political players and other party documents to conference proceedings and media briefings etc. Among the issues tackled are the negotiations, the education crisis, human rights, women's and workers' rights etc. (DÜI-Eng)

How did the Eastern European and Soviet states write their respective histories of art and architecture during 1940s–1960s? The articles address both the Stalinist period and the Khrushchev Thaw, when the Marxist-Leninist discourse on art history was "invented" and refined. Although this discourse was inevitably "Sovietized" in a process dictated from Moscow, a variety of distinct interpretations emerged from across the Soviet bloc in the light of local traditions, cultural politics and decisions of individual authors. Even if the new "official" discourse often left space open for national concerns, it also gave rise to a countermovement in response to the aggressive ideologization of art and the preeminence assigned to (Socialist) Realist aesthetics.

'Movies that exist merely to tell entertaining lies'?: Biography on Film; Thomas S. Freeman and David L. Smith -- Filming a Legend: Anthony Mann's El Cid (1961); Thomas S. Freeman -- Joan of Arc through medieval eyes and modern lenses: Dreyer 1928 and Bresson 1962; Elisabeth van Houts -- Blood, lust and the Virgin Queen: Helen Mirren's Elizabeth I; William B. Robison -- Shakespeare in Love and Anonymous: Two Films More or Less About Shakespeare; David Bevington -- That Hamilton Woman (1941); Samantha A. Cavell -- Twelve Years a Slave and the 'Unthinkability' of Enslaved Autobiography; Sean M. Kelley -- Abraham Lincoln and National Reconciliation in Lincoln; Kate Masur -- The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960); David L. Smith -- Infectious Enthusiasm: The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936); Bart K. Holland -- Filming and Formatting the Explorer Hero: Captain Scott and Ealing Studios' Scott of the Antarctic (1948); Klaus Dodds -- Inside JFK's White House: the Myth of John F. Kennedy and Thirteen Days (2000); Andrew Priest -- Power and its Loss in The Iron Lady; Florence Sutcliffe-Braithwaite and Jon Lawrence -- Index

This essay charts how the author's interest in labor history and the history of care work were inspired by her own family history of migrations from Puerto Rico to the United States. It considers how her grandmother's stories about being a child needle worker in Puerto Rico and a migrant domestic worker in New York led her to think critically about the connections and overlap between the home and workplace in the lives of Puerto Rican women. As a student, investigating her personal history led her to discover a rich tradition of Puerto Rican feminist labor history that raised questions about reproductive politics and caring labor that remain pressing in our contemporary moment.

An authoritative introduction to ISIS—now expanded and revised to bring events up to the presentThe Islamic State stunned the world with its savagery, destructiveness, and military and recruiting successes. However, its most striking and distinctive characteristic was its capacity to build governing institutions and a theologically grounded national identity. What explains the rise of ISIS and the caliphate, and what does it portend for the future of the Middle East? In this book, one of the world's leading authorities on political Islam and jihadism sheds new light on these questions. Moving beyond journalistic accounts, Fawaz Gerges provides a clear and compelling explanation of the deeper conditions that fuel ISIS. This new edition brings the story of ISIS to the present, covering key events—from the military defeat of its territorial state to the death of its leader al-Baghdadi—and analyzing how the ongoing Syrian, Iraqi, and Saudi-Iranian conflict could lead to ISIS's revival

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction: Major Causes of Breakthroughs -- Major Causes of Innovation -- Climatic Changes -- Communication and Transportation Technologies -- Political Elites -- Scientific Progress -- Summary of Chapters -- 1. From Hominids to Human Beings: Biology, Geography, and Climatic Change -- Geography and Prehistory -- How Climatic Changes Are Reconstructed -- 2. The First Farmers -- The Origins of Agriculture -- Contaminated Food and Mortality -- Animal Husbandry