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21st century is recognized as the age of information. Today, the range of users of information is expanding, and it is becoming the object of interest not only of traditional consumers, i.e. information-analytical centers, the media and security agencies, but also members of society as a whole. Information-analytical activity is one of the important directions of practical activity of internal affairs bodies. The success of the task of maintaining public order and combating crime in the service area in many respects depends on the degree to which information and analytical activities are organized. The process of forming the "Information Society" has been going on for several years.

The article is of interest to specialists of internal audit, internal and financial control, and heads (commanders) of structural subdivisions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, military units, institutions and organizations in the systems, which directly organize internal control. The article substantiates the lack of preliminary coverage in the scientific works of the retrospective development of the system of internal audit and financial control. The scientific task of structuring existing information with the use of guidance documents and practical experience for the hierarchical construction of the transformation of approaches and views on the activities of structural units that monitored the effective management of state property and resources in the system of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of Ukraine was formulated. The article focuses on the delineation of internal control and internal audit. The necessity of implementation of internal control and its effectiveness is substantiated. The study analyzed the guidance documents that regulated the activities and the establishment of internal audit and internal control at the stages of its formation. The meeting covered the issues of transformation of financial control bodies in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, their main directions of activity and tasks were determined. Three stages of reforming financial and control bodies in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine were identified, in which there were changes in approaches to the construction of the internal control and internal audit system.
The article presents a retrospective analysis of the evolution of views on the purpose and objectives stated in the relevant provisions of the financial control bodies of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine during the period of Ukraine's independence from the standpoint of implementing the declared goals of Ukraine's integration into the international professional community. The introduction of internal audit as an independent activity is aimed at improvement of the control system, prevention of the facts of illegal, inefficient and inefficient use of budget funds, errors occurrence or other deficiencies in military units and budget institutions, improvement of internal control, and the adoption of sound management decisions in modern conditions.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Sarkosy and Roma: Performaing Securitisation, Marion Demossier -- 2. Video-surveillance and the Political Use of Discretionary Power in the Name of Security and Defence, Catarina Frois -- 3. Location, Isolation and Disempowerment: The Swift Proliferation of Security Discourse among Policy Professionals, Greg Feldman -- 4. Compensating (In)Security: Anthropological Perspectives on Internal Security, Alexandra Schwell -- 5. Petty States of Exception: The Contemporary Policing of the Urban Poor, Didier Fassin -- 6. Counter-terrorism in European Airports, Mark Maguire -- 7. Whose Security? The Deportation of Foreign-national Offenders from the UK, Ines Hasselberg -- 8. Grey Zones of Illegality: Inhuman Conditions in Receiving Irregular Migrants in Greece, Jutta Lauth Bacas -- Conclusions -- Afterword -- Contributors -- Index.

Discusses the Supreme Court hearing in Jerusalem to examine Israeli security forces' use of torture during interrogation of Palestinian detainees and its failure to rule on the petitions, May 20, 1998.

The concept of a non-accessory civil-law mortgage comes up often as a reference in relation to which digressions from the accessory nature of this security are constantly outlined in French and Romanian law. It is also the centrepiece of studies proposing a Eurohypothec shaped on its pattern, based on the imperatives of the internal market. According to these, the exceptions enshrined in the national legislations that were initially rebuffing its technique are causing classic accessory mortgages to become almost just as autonomous. And indeed, the possibility to agree, in these systems, upon a hypothec against whom exceptions deduced from the covered claim are not opposable depends precisely on the similarities between, for instance, the hypothèque rechargeable and an actual independent guarantee. However, nothing suggests an abandoning of the traditional reserves against this exotic figure. Similar evolutions in personal security law were precisely not in contradiction with the numerus clausus of property rights. Nonetheless, the arguments employed to reach this conclusion have allowed to integrate the recent evolutions in the legal framework of the hypothec into the dogmatic of its accessory nature. Also, the imperatives of the economic freedoms of movement seem rather speculative in this respect. Their interplay in favour of the Eurohypothec implies precisely quantifying the impact of the accessory principle upon international financing. In the end, this means only a long-awaited legislative intervention by the European institutions would clear all possible doubts over the validity of this concept. ; Le concept d'une hypothèque indépendante intervient comme référence par rapport à laquelle se délimitent, en droit français, comme dans le système roumain, les inflexions accessoires consacrées de la garantie. Il est également au cœur des recherches qui proposent une eurohypothèque calquée sur son modèle, au titre des règles du marché intérieur. Selon celles-ci, les dérogations accessoires reconnues dans les législations réfractaires à sa technique rendent la sûreté, de toute façon, presque tout aussi autonome. Or, la possibilité de stipuler une hypothèque sur première demande, parfois tentée dans les opérations bancaires, dépend justement de la mesure du rapprochement entre, par exemple, les hypothèques rechargeables et une garantie autonome proprement-dite. Toutefois, rien ne laisse entendre un abandon des réticences traditionnelles envers la technique. Les évolutions similaires en matière de garanties personnelles n'ont, en effet, pas dû affronter le numerus clausus des droits réels. Au moins, les démonstrations requises par cette conclusion ont déduit les représentations nécessaires pour intégrer dans la dépendance accessoire de la sûreté ses apparentes émancipations contemporaines. Ensuite, les impératifs de libre circulation paraissent assez spéculatifs en cette matière. Vu qu'ils ne sauraient être considérés exclusivement favorables au créancier hypothécaire, leur invocation dans ce contexte impliquerait de quantifier les conséquences de la logique accessoire sur le crédit international. En fin de compte, cela signifie qu'une intervention réglementaire des institutions européennes, reportée depuis quelques décennies déjà, serait la seule à même de supprimer tout aléa sur la légitimité du concept.

We take stock of the Schengen Agreement that celebrated its 30th birthday on June 14th, 2015. We argue that the abolition of internal border controls in most European Union member states is rightly considered a blessing to EU citizens. Internally, the Agreement facilitates social and economic interactions without impeding the security of EU citizens. Externally, the Schengen Agreement has also helped to spread liberal norms and promote EU policies across EU borders, whenever Schengen borders prove permeable enough to allow for legal migration or if the relaxation of Schengen visa requirements is used as a carrot to trigger reforms in EU candidate and neighboring countries. The recent humanitarian crisis at the EU borders reveals that the Schengen system still lacks an appropriate joint asylum policy to counterbalance the loss of internal border controls. This weakness may undermine one of the main achievements of European integration. This Policy Brief revisits the accomplishments of 30 years of Schengen. We first ask how Schengen has affected member states and their citizens and which effects it has exerted on non-Schengen states outside of the EU's borders. We subsequently elaborate on appropriate reforms of a communitarized asylum policy that is needed to safeguard the accomplishments of the Schengen Agreement in the future.

Global phenomenon of internal displacement and Kashmiri Pandit community -- Context: internal displacement of Kashmiri Pandits -- Challenge of researching protracted displacements -- Oral account of one Kashmiri Pandit family and the legacies left behind -- Methodical analysis of Kashmiri Pandit challenges -- Moral and political dilemma of return -- Kashmiri Pandit families evaluate "migrant" policies -- How actor positions influence policy outcome -- Complexity of IDP policymaking -- Azerbaijan: displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh -- Georgia: displaced from Abkhazia and South Ossetia -- Serbia: displaced from Kosovo (ethnic Serbs) -- Sudan: displaced from Darfur -- Findings, best practices, and moving forward.

The article "The Eyes and Ears": 1) Provides a brief analysis of the several parallel security organizations of the two superpowers of antiquity when they were still at their prime; 2) Discusses both internal and external security matters; 3) Analyzes separately the military and civilian intelligence; 4) Examines the role of the religious organizations, 'heresies' and security; 5) Discusses briefly the ways in which the intelligence was obtained, analy zed, assessed and disseminated, and for what purpose; 6) Provides an overview of the successes and failures and of the limits of intelligence; 7) Demonstrates some similarities between modern and ancient practices.