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pt. 1. Commercial, educational, government, and religious institutions -- pt. 2. Social processes of media production, circulation, and reception -- pt. 3. Islamic perspectives on film, music, and literature -- pt. 4. Representations, values, and meanings.

Salah satu problem yang masih menjadi perdebatan di kalanganahli hukum Islam adalah masalah kelahiran hukum Islam.Masalah tersebut telah memecah para ahli tersebut ke dalamdua kubu yang bertentangan. Kubu pertama berpendapatbahwa hukum Islam merupakan produksi para qadlî pada masaBani Umayah. Argumentasi yang disuguhkan adalah bahwaNabi Muhammad bukanlah seorang ahli hukum dan memangtidak meminati bidang ini. Sebaliknya, kubu kedua berpendapatbahwa hukum Islam sesungguhnya lahir pada masa NabiMuhaammad dan bahkan diformulasikan sendiri olehnya.Perdebatan antara kedua kubu inilah yang hendakdiperlihatkan dalam artikel ini disertai argumentasi yangmendasari kubu masing-masing dan kritik yang dilancarkanoleh keduanya. Pandangan kubu pertama bisa dipahamikarena dalam mengembangkan tesisnya, ia tidak melihat al-Qur'an sebagai unsur yang patut diperhitungkan. Sebaliknya,kubu kedua mendasarkan tesisnya pada ayat al-Qur'an.

Ever since the accession of Turkey to the European Union has become an increasingly concrete possibility, one of the most discussed subjects in Europe but also in Turkey is the Muslim identity of the great majority of the Turkish population. This article aims to give an outline of the different components of this plural Islam, focusing on European Turks & their politico-religious memberships. The article also discusses the concepts of official & oppositional Islam in the Turkish context & questions the relevance of this dichotomy. Finally, the paternalistic attitude of the Turkish state with respect to the European Turks is analyzed, in particular as it applies to the religious field. Adapted from the source document.

A Muslim in "atypical Christian" clothing -- The quest for Abraham : commonalities and contrasts among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam -- The Qur'an, Ahadith, and Judaeo-Christian scriptures : finding common ground -- From Jesus to Muhammad : early Christianity and Islam -- Islam, the "people of the book," and religious pluralism - Islamophobia in the Christian West -- Original sin and the role of women : comparing the Abrahamic faiths -- Reconciliation and the children of Abraham

Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan tentang polemik tentang sistem pemerintahan yang beragam mulai dari masa Rasulullah SAW. yang hingga masa sekarang. dalam konteks siyasah/politik Islam muncul pula tarik-menarik pemikiran konsep kekuasaan yang mengkutubkan antara hak Allah dan Hak manusia. Pemi­kiran politik Islam yang direduksi dari konsep kesejarahan dan penafsiran terhadap teks-teks wahyu syarat dengan multi tafsir dan perdebatan, sehingga berujung pada tipologi paradigma ilmu politik Islam. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini secara ringkas akan memaparkan bagaimana dinamika pemikiran tentang politik Islam dalam ranah fiqih al-syasah.

ON 19 APRIL 1995, A CAR BOMB EXPLODED IN FRONT OF THE FEDERAL BUILDING IN OKLAHOMA CITY. THE AMERICAN MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL WERE QUICK TO CONCLUDE THAT THE CULPRITS MUST HAVE BEEN MUSLIMS WITH LINKS TO THE MIDDLE EAST. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM AND THE LOGIC OF MODERN FUNDAMENTALISM. WESTERN RESPONSE AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES ARE EXPLORED.

The aim of this paper is to explain the role of Nahdlahtul Ulama in Indonesia in countering the arguments and propagandas of pro-Islamic State or radical movements in Indonesia. Nahdlatul Ulama is one of most prominent islamic organizations in Indonesia which has million followers. It has very big role in the process of Indonesian politics since pre-independence era until now and Nahdlatul Ulama has moderate thinking on the relation between Islam and state where NU acknowledge the concept of nationalism and democracy in Indonesia. The rise of pro-Islamic State Movements in Indonesia with rejecting the concept of nationalism and democracy automatically become an important issue to Nahdlatul Ulama. In this paper, NU by its leaders, and its scholars shows its position either individually or institutionally to reject the idea that is brought by the pro-Islamic Khilafah State.

The article considers religious aspects of Kazakh society pre-Soviet times. Studying the mental, political and spiritual content of Islam, the reasons for its wide distribution among the ancestors of the Kazakhs is analyzed. Interested Russians since the accession of the Kazakh Khanate to the Russian Empire more than once pointed out that Islam is a synthesis of Islam and Shamanism. But shamanism is a generalization of the name of religion, which took place prior to Islam in the land of the Kazakh people. Here we can see the elements of Zoroastrianism, Tengrianism, etc. This shows that the ancestors of the Kazakhs - Turkic people - not renounced the ancient beliefs completely and leave some portion of these religions as an integral part of the worldview of the people, by the device. Therefore, the founder of the Turkic Sufi Yasaui still has a huge impact on the religiosity of the Kazakhs. He managed elements of the ancient religion, which formed the basis of the Kazakhs world, interpreted in the Muslim perspective. The Russian authorities tried to quell by Islamization Kazakh people. But it was Islam that has revived the national consciousness of the Kazakh people.