Suchergebnisse

In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society's John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner's Bernal lecture reflects on his theory of technological politics, its implications for the psychology of technology as well as its relevance for rethinking science and technology for future society.

Abstract
In 2015, the Ethiopian government established two Science and Technology (S&T) universities with the objective to boost university-industry collaboration. Although both Addis Ababa S&T University and Adama S&T University encourage such collaboration through their offices of technology transfer (OTT), their links with local industry are weak. However, current literature on triple helix in developing countries does not explain how universities can internally stimulate interaction with external actors. This paper addresses this gap by asking how the two universities evaluate the technology development process and how the current approach can be improved to stimulate triple helix interactions. Insights from organizational control theory (OCT) and the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model are integrated into the triple helix framework in a qualitative case study design. Our findings indicate the existing approach combines outcome- and behavior-based evaluation, which constrains engagement with the industry. We recommend that a more comprehensive, people-based evaluation system, built around shared goals and involvement of industry as external stakeholders, is adopted as a pathway to triple helix.

The government of Korea has made various efforts in science and technology (S&T) education. The current article explains the role of the government in S&T education system of Korea for the past half century. By classifying the S&T education at each level, this article reveals how S&T education was supported by the government and how it was altered to match industrial needs in each stage of economic development. It also draws policy implications for developing countries who seek industrialisation and development of technology-intensive industries through S&T education fostering human capital.

This article introduces the theme of the Special Issue on "Debating evolutions in science, technology and society: Ethical and ideological perspectives." Its starts from the idea that new advances in science and in technology, new evolutions in society, politics and culture bring with them the need to update linguistic resources at different levels in order to be able to talk about them and accommodate new concepts. Thus they inevitably result in an impact on language and discourse that goes well beyond vocabulary and terminology. They change patterns of thinking, reasoning and conceptualizing, leading to new representations and new discourses. In particular, representation of evolutions in texts addressed to the general public involves the transfer of domain-specific knowledge to various non-specialist audiences and its recontextualization and transformation to be made accessible to the non-specialist. That is why it can never be neutral, even when the writer has the best intentions in terms of accuracy and honesty. The focus of this introductory article is in particular on the notion of discursive frame, frames being cognitive perceptual structures that either subconsciously or strategically influence participants on how to "hear or how to say" something. It shows that framing, selecting and perspectivising are inevitable in knowledge dissemination and transmission, and argues that since they are so effective, discourse frames are a powerful ideological instrument, capable of influencing the public perception of the most crucial issues in society.

International audience ; This paper aims to stress the fact that regional development models are heavily influenced by the "national" trajectory of the industrial model, although each local case reflects its specificity due to the actors and the resources which are both heavily embedded in the local contexts. In a French political context of 1990s, the State tried to create some high-tech industrial district-type regions in the vicinity of many large and medium-sized cities, so-called "technopôle or technological district", which corresponded to reinterpreting Silicon Valley in light of the French experience. The basic idea behind the "technopôles" is to bring together, in the same geographical area and financially and logistically supported by both the local government and the public agencies through a publicly-run "research centre", "incubation infrastructure", tax advantages and small spin-off firms that are potential leaders in new technologies. We will aim to illustrate this industrial policy through three cases around the IT industry.

International audience ; This paper aims to stress the fact that regional development models are heavily influenced by the "national" trajectory of the industrial model, although each local case reflects its specificity due to the actors and the resources which are both heavily embedded in the local contexts. In a French political context of 1990s, the State tried to create some high-tech industrial district-type regions in the vicinity of many large and medium-sized cities, so-called "technopôle or technological district", which corresponded to reinterpreting Silicon Valley in light of the French experience. The basic idea behind the "technopôles" is to bring together, in the same geographical area and financially and logistically supported by both the local government and the public agencies through a publicly-run "research centre", "incubation infrastructure", tax advantages and small spin-off firms that are potential leaders in new technologies. We will aim to illustrate this industrial policy through three cases around the IT industry.