Suchergebnisse

Este documento ofrece un modelo de análisis geopolítico para facilitar el estudio de las relaciones internacionales. Pone en relación los procesos políticos con las variables geográficas. El modelo asume que todo Estado debe atender cuatro imperativos geopolíticos: 1) alcanzar y mantener un nivel adecuado de poder relativo, 2) mantener la unidad de su territorio, 3) proteger las fronteras, y 4) asegurar las conexiones externas. Estos imperativos condicionan –pero no determinan– su acción exterior. El documento ofrece múltiples ejemplos históricos y actuales donde se observa la fuerza de cada uno de esos imperativos en el hacer político ; This document offers a geopolitical analytical model to facilitate the study of international relations. The model incorporates the interactions between geographical settings and political processes. The model assumes that every state must address four geopolitical imperatives: 1) to achieve and maintain an adequate level of relative power, 2) to maintain the unity of its territory, 3) to protect the borders, and 4) to ensure external connections. These imperatives condition, although they do not determine states' foreign policy. The document offers multiple historical and current examples where the impulse of each of these imperatives in the political process is observed.

The seeds for the 5th Annual CICA-STR (Coloquios Internationales sobre Cerebro y Agresion and Society for Terrorism Research) International Conference were planted at a CICA Colloquium held in Bodrum, Turkey, in 2009. At that time, Martin Ramirez met Alvin Brown and Stephen Thom of the Diversity Training Institute for Public Safety (DTIPS), California, USA, and began talking about the possibility of a conference on aggression and violence to be held in the USA. From those discussions DTIPS sought partners to co-sponsor and participate in preparing for the conference. DTIPS, although its focus is on specific training for the prevention and intervention of aggression and violence, decided to hose the conference because the goals of understanding, sharing and collaborating on research and studies related to violence and aggression were common to both DTIPS and CICA. Adapted from the source document.

Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the "Effects of homeConfinement on multipleLifestyleBehaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. ...