Suchergebnisse

Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Ongoing Challenges -- Reasons for the Persistence of Rural Poverty -- Weak Growth of Agricultural Productivity -- Limited Opportunities to Engage in Nonfarm Activities -- Imperfect Safety Nets in a Context of High Economic Insecurity -- Achieving Prosperity in Rural Malawi -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 1 Recent Trends in Growth, Poverty, and Shared Prosperity in Rural Malawi -- Introduction -- Trends in Growth -- Progress in Some Nonmonetary Dimensions of Well-Being -- Ongoing Challenges -- Summary -- Framework for Understanding Rural Poverty in Malawi -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Agriculture and Poverty -- Introduction -- Status of Agriculture in Malawi -- Agricultural Productivity Growth and Poverty Reduction -- Inefficiencies in Malawi Farm Input Subsidy Program -- Stronger Participation in Markets -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Nonfarm Self-Employment Activities and Poverty -- Introduction -- Structural Transformation in Malawi -- NFSE Activities as a Means to Improve Rural Welfare -- Lower Returns on NFSE Activities in Rural Areas (Relative to Urban Areas) and for the Poor -- Determinants of Participation in and Returns to NFSE Activities -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Social Protection and Poverty -- Introduction -- Malawi's Imperfect Social Protection Programs -- Possible Reasons for Low Impacts of MASAF-PWP -- Lessons Learned from Public Work Programs in Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Toward a Dynamic Rural Economy -- Introduction -- Create Conditions for Macroeconomic Stability and Structural Transformation -- Increase Agricultural Productivity -- Seek a More Dynamic and Inclusive Structural Transformation

Many research or development studies underline the crucial role of small ruminant (SR) activities in the non tropical dry areas of world, and in particular in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. With camels, they are considered as key components of production systems over much of this vast region, which is characterized by water scarcity and erratic rainfall. SR activities may constitute the main remunerative activity or at least a pillar to ensure the viability of a large number of families in the region, particularly in remote areas. Some studies proposed to estimate the monetary contribution of SR activities in the household net income. But few studies analyze the contribution of SR activity in terms of poverty reduction and livelihood improvement. The reasons are numerous but one of them is the difficulty to apprehend the multiple and complex contributions of livestock activity to the household economy through their direct and indirect products, the intra-annual and inter-annual rhythm of production, the particular status of animal between capital-treasory-saving-social asset. "Despite its potential importance to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction, livestock sector development has received limited attention from the international donor community and national governments in recent years" (Alive platform). Within the Alive Platform, partnership for livestock development, poverty alleviation and sustainable growth for Africa, the Alive secretary, PPLPI (FAO), CIRAD and WB join their effort to develop a methodological Guide to the appropriate inclusion of the livestock sector in poverty reduction policies or agenda. In this communication, we propose to present an overview of the content of this Livestock and Poverty guide.

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the accelerating role of digital technology in fighting poverty through financial inclusion in the countries of West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). Based on a sample of the adult population from the World Bank's Findex database, we estimate a recursive bivariate probit model that addresses endogeneity. The findings show that the regular usage of mobile money as well as the purpose of mobile money usage including saving, borrowing, remittance and their combinations increase diversely and significantly the probability of short‐term poverty alleviation in WAEMU. In addition, the change in poverty status can be indirectly due to certain driving factors of mobile money usage including mainly the ownership of mobile phones.

Merging of Knowledge is a research approach that creates the conditions for people with lived experience of poverty to participate at an equal level with academics and practitioners, in the co-generation of knowledge about poverty. This paper reflects critically on the application of 'Merging of Knowledge' to study poverty in Tanzania, assessing its challenges, achievements, and lessons learned about revealing hidden knowledge about poverty. It also provides a brief literature review to place the Merging of Knowledge alongside other participatory approaches. This paper finds that Merging of Knowledge can effectively interrupt patterned social relationships, and empower individuals and peer groups, thereby stimulating transformation of both academics and people and poverty. It does so by addressing imbalances in social status, empowering all groups of participants at each stage of the research, and building trust, confidence, and freedom from fear in a sustainable manner. The conclusion drawn is that Merging of Knowledge holds great promise for future research on topics where strong hierarchies of knowledge exist, and where the physical inclusion of participants in data collection is not readily translated into intellectual inclusivity during analysis and the dissemination of findings.

AbstractIn current European Welfare states, Child and Family Social Work has been assigned a pivotal role in constructing a route out of (child) poverty. The direction, processes and outcomes of these interventions are, however, rarely negotiated with the families involved. Based on a retrospective biographical research with parents of young children who experienced financial difficulties over time, this paper therefore seeks to uncover and understand how parents give meaning to welfare which strategies they accordingly develop and how these perspectives and welfare strategies interact with Child and Family Social Work interventions. We aim to acquire knowledge about how interventions are constructed, interpreted and being used as potentially supportive levers in realizing the well‐being of parents and children in poverty situations and explore how they may influence families' routes out of poverty. Drawing on Lister's analytical framework of agency within the bounds of structural constraints, our research provides insights in the essentially complex, multi‐layered and paradoxical nature of support and suggests that support cannot simply be perceived as synonymous to mobility out of poverty.

High welfare dependency and poverty rate among lone mothers prompted a workfare reform of the Norwegian welfare system for lone parents: activity requirements were brought in, time limits imposed and benefit levels raised. To evaluate the reform we introduce an estimator that, unlike the much used difference-in-difference approach, accounts for the fact that policy changes are typically phased in gradually rather than coming into full effect immediately. We find that the reform has not only led to increased earnings and educational attainment in the process lowering welfare caseloads and therefore easing the governments financial burden but also reduced poverty.

The thrust of this study was to investigate the effect of poverty on the well-being of rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of poverty on the quality of food and health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting four hundred (400) respondents from the rural areas of Yakurr local government area of Cross River State. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Elucidated data were statistically analyzed using linear regression while all hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of food consumed by rural dwellers, it also revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that government, non-government organisations, and wealthy individuals should contribute to the generation of employment, provision of social amenities and support the health needs of rural people in Yakuur local government of Cross River State, Nigeria.

The article deals with possible settlement of problems of overcoming and prevention of poverty of working population with the help of usage of program-aim approach. The given propositions on optimization of structures of management, which are responsible for introduction of state target oriented of poverty overcoming, including those of them who work, ground the necessity of reforming of labor remuneration with the aim to raise incomes of working population.

Corruption has been one of the main challenges bedeviling the African society. Most artistic works in the form of writing and craft have dealt extensively with this canker of corruption. The poem 'Ambassadors of Poverty' is one of such works that touches on corruption in Africa. The present study seeks to examine the communicative implications underpinning the use of parallelism and semantic deviation in the poem. The study is situated within the linguistic and stylistic categories framework by Leech and Short (2007). The findings of the study identify forms of parallelism (noun phrases, prepositional phrases, simple and complex sentences) as well as forms of semantic deviation (metaphor, personification, irony, sarcasm, paradox, oxymoron and symbolism). The findings further unveil a preponderant use of varied shades of parallel structures to juxtapose the impoverished state of the ordinary African with the corrupt and luxurious lifestyle of African leaders while forms of semantic deviation are used to encode the unpatriotic attitudes of African leaders in figurative terms. The study concludes that literary works such as poems are potent instruments that are subtly used to expose and condemn the ills of society. The study has implications for research, theory and practice.

It article addresses the way in which the Argentine National State conceives and regulates specific territorialites within the framework of the social policies of the last decade, more especificaly, between the years 2008 to 2015. Based on a qualitative approach, which combines documental analisys and in-deep interviews, we enquiried into the nature of the State interventions on the territory, that took place following the national programme called "Plan Ahí". The research claims that "Plan Ahí" is a governmental intervention that operates as an organizer model of the state practices, aimed at transforming the direction and meaning of territorial approach interventions, and to reverse the effects of a supposed State absence. ; El presente artículo aborda el modo en que el Estado Nacional Argentino concibe y modula territorialidades específicas en el marco de la política asistencial durante la última década, específicamente, entre los años 2008 y 2015. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo, que combina el análisis documental y entrevistas en profundidad, se indagó sobre la naturaleza de las intervenciones del Estado Argentino en el territorio que tuvieron lugar en el marco del programa nacional denominado "Plan Ahí". La investigación sostiene que el "Plan Ahí" es una intervención de gobierno (Foucault, 2006) que opera como un modelo ordenador de las prácticas estatales, orientadas a transformar la dirección y el sentido de las intervenciones de abordaje territorial, así como, a revertir los efectos de una ausencia estatal supuesta.