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According to the theory of evolved sex differences in jealousy, the challenge for women to ensure paternal investment increased their jealousy response to emotional infidelity, whereas paternal uncertainty exerted selective pressures that shaped men to become more distressed by sexual infidelity. Several studies have investigated whether the effect of these sexually dimorphic selection pressures can be detected in contemporary human populations, with conflicting results. To date, no genetically informed studies of sex differences in jealousy have been conducted. We used data from the Screening Across the Lifespan of Twins Younger (SALTY) sample, containing information concerning self-rated jealousy from 3,197 complete twin pairs collected by the Swedish Twin Registry. Intra-class correlations and structural equation models were used to assess the genetic influence on jealousy and to investigate sex differences at genetic level. We saw a highly significant sex effect on the relationship between infidelity types, indicating that men, relative to women, reported greater jealousy in response to sexual infidelity than in response to emotional infidelity. The twin models revealed significant heritabilities for both sexual (32%) and emotional (26%) jealousy. The heritabilities were of a similar magnitude in both sexes, and no qualitative sex differences could be detected. We show for the first time that variance in jealousy is to some extent explained by genetic factors. Even though our results from the mean value analyses are in line with the theory of evolved sex differences in jealousy, we could not identify any sex differences on a genetic level.

The paper aims to analyse and propose e-textbooks and other learning objects (LOs) quality evaluation methodology, i.e., quality model, and simple and effective expert evaluation methods, thus improving solution of educational tasks using informatics engineering methods. Qualitative learning material is one of the main factors of learning quality. Therefore, evaluation of e-textbooks and other LOs quality is one of the most relevant education problems. The problem is relevant for all participants of the educational sector – for educational institutions (e.g. schools) that have to select qualitative learning material for their needs, for education policy makers who need clear quality criteria while implementing e-textbooks and other LOs tenders, for authors of learning material (e.g. publishers) who need to know quality requirements to create e-textbooks and other LOs etc. It is obvious that some e-textbooks and other LOs could be very qualitative against some quality criteria, and the others – against the other criteria, and vice versa. Therefore, e-textbooks and other LOs quality evaluation is a typical case where one should apply multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) theory. In the work, MCDA principles are applied to create an objective rank of LOs alternatives according to their quality, and to evaluate each alternative's quality against "ideal" quality. In the work, e-textbooks and other LOs reusability and quality criteria system (i.e. model) is presented, as well as created expert quality evaluation method based on fuzzy numbers theory.

Despite the significant contributions of women in economic development nationally, the unrecognized attitude of the government, lack of existing legal framework and policies, vagaries of informal economy and changes in the social–economic landscape have accounted largely for the closure of female enterprises in the informal economy. Using Yoruba female textile traders as a case study because these women have broken the "glass ceiling" and made a success of their textile trading, this paper examined the dynamics of entry and motivations of Yoruba women in textile trading. The paper synthesized Social Capital Theory by Coleman and Social Action Theory by Max Weber to explain the issue. It utilized a qualitative method of data collection. Eight focus group discussions and forty in-depth interviews were used to collect information from the women participants who were purposively chosen. The data reveal that parents, family/kinship members and friends had great influence in the strategic entry of women into textile trading in the Balogun market and the subsequent development of women's entrepreneurial activities. Yoruba female textile traders were motivated into textile trading because of economic and cultural values attached to the trade. This data is essential toward policy formulation for women's entrepreneurial development in the informal economy. This paper argues that any policies implemented for women entrepreneurs in the informal economy must be conceived, formulated and implemented with an in-depth understanding of the nuanced elements in the cultural domain within the social system, which the existing literature has yet to capture.

ABSTRACTAs a result of a recent federal government mandate, an increasing number of hospitals have decided to adopt electronic medical record (EMR) systems. This initiative is expected to lead toward more efficient and higher quality health care; however, little is known about governance characteristics and organizational performance for EMR adopters. Our goal is to inform theory and practice by examining hospitals with a sophisticated EMR and comparing those hospitals to similar hospitals (with a less sophisticated EMR) to understand the association between information technology (IT) governance characteristics and the implications on financial performance. Leveraging elements of the upper echelon theory, we posit that hospitals in which the chief information officer (CIO) reports to the chief executive officer, CIO turnover is low, and an IT steering committee is present are more likely to have a sophisticated EMR. We argue that EMR sophistication leads to improved financial performance. Our results underscore the importance of continuity in the CIO position on successful EMR implementations. Results also show that hospital size and financial performance are strongly associated with EMR sophistication. In addition, we find that a sophisticated EMR appears to be a fundamental element in improving hospitals' revenue cycle management. Moreover, we find that hospitals with a sophisticated EMR appear to be more profitable. Finally, we observe that total payroll expense adjusted by total discharges drops among the sophisticated hospitals, potentially due to an increase in employee productivity. These insights can serve as a basis for tempering expectations relative to the financial impact of EMR adoption.

As a conceptual study this paper takes open innovation as a tool that has been considered from the point of view of collaboration between the Industry and the Academy. However, if considered under the framework of the Resource Based Theory, specifically regarding Transaction Cost, it can be revealed that the two parties (Industry and Academy) are in fact compatible. Main focus of the discussion is on the Transaction Cost in the aspect of the management resources that are available for managing core activities and the cost incurred compared to other alternative management activities. It has been observed that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are faced with the ever increasing stress of intensive competition and limited by their resources (for example, managerial capabilities, financial, and others) in their abilities to deal with the transaction cost, and thus effectively turn to collaboration as a solution. The study synthesizes aspects of open innovation based on a theoretical model and a case study of the User Association of Advanced Technologies program in Israel, and emphasizes on collaboration as an open innovation activity within the Resource Based Theory. Thereafter, it concludes that collaborative research reduced the transaction cost in terms of utilizing open innovation in entrepreneurships, especially in case of SMEs, before providing a few research hints. The research piggybacks on the acquired knowledge on open innovation and thus strengthens further the concept of reduction of transaction cost through collaborative research based on the specific case study.

Although frontline customer service employees play a vital role in many firms, their part in service delivery is often underappreciated. The interaction between frontline employees and customers creates an impression of what is to come in the service experience. A key question is whether this interaction spills over to other unrelated aspects of the business. We conduct a quasi-experiment across two medical clinics, one of which had its frontline employees trained to improve their interpersonal skills. We find that not only does the training create positive perceptions of the service provided by frontline employees, but also increases perceptions of service quality attributes not related to these employees. That is, customer perceptions of the interpersonal skills of frontline employees "spillover" to other service quality attributes. However, this spillover effect does not impact all service attributes uniformly; rather, it is restricted to only credence attributes which customers find difficult to evaluate. We term this a selective halo effect. This finding demonstrates that customer perceptions of the interpersonal skills of frontline employees extend well beyond the range in which they perform their expected duties. Our article builds on attribute evaluability theory and information economic theory by demonstrating the existence of a selective halo effect. Further, we develop a classification system that managers can use to predict which attributes are most likely to be influenced by a selective halo effect. We encourage managers to think of frontline employees as "barometers of the business," and to invest in continued training for these key personnel.

PurposeKey findings from recent and relevant studies on patient safety and clinical handoffs are summarized and analyzed. After briefly reviewing process management and accounting control theory, the aim of this paper is to discuss how these latter two disciplines can be combined to further improve patient safety in handoffs.Design/methodology/approachA literature review on studies of patient safety, clinical processes and clinical handoffs was conducted in leading medical, quality, and information systems journals.FindingsThis paper issues a call for research using a trans‐disciplinary methodology to shed new light on information quality issues in clinical handoff processes, which in turn should improve patient safety.Research limitations/implicationsThe literature review employed systematic, heuristic, iterative and practical criteria for identifying and selecting papers, trading off completeness for multi‐disciplinarity. No prior empirical patient safety studies combined process management and accounting control theory.Practical implicationsThe above‐noted trans‐disciplinary analytic approach may help medical professionals develop more effective handoff processes, checklists, standard operating procedures (SOPs), clinical pathways, and supporting software, and audit and continuously monitor their implementation.Originality/valueThis paper responds to recent calls for trans‐disciplinary research on healthcare quality improvement. The literature review is valuable for understanding clinical handoff problems and solutions from multiple perspectives. The proposed combination of two theories – accounting control theory and business process management – is novel and useful for describing, improving and monitoring handoff processes in the broader context of clinical processes, using a common terminology for information quality traits.

El artículo analiza las percepciones de los estudiantes de Magisterio de Educación Física (1º y 2º), en relación al proceso de autoevaluación vivenciado durante el proyecto pedagógico "Democratizar el aula universitaria: formar docentes, formar personas". La investigación se enmarca en la Fenomenología como método de estudio, respetando los principios del paradigma interpretativo. Los procedimientos para el análisis de los datos cualitativos que se emplean, se ciñeron a las propuestas de fragmentación y articulación de la "grounded theory". El total de participantes que aportaron una narrativa ascendió a 38 y 11 de ellos fueron entrevistados. Los hallazgos obtenidos hacen referencia a la emoción como piedra angular del proceso de autoevaluación, la trascendencia de los aprendizajes generados y la importancia de desvelar los valores implícitos en nuestras acciones. ; The article examines the perceptions of students from the first and second years of the 3 year degree on Physical Education Teaching (Faculty of Educational Science at the University of Granada, Spain) who participated in the pedagogical Project "Democratizing the university class: educating teachers, educating people".Our job is a phenomena study in the interpretative pardigm. The used analysis procedures were based, in general, on the fragmentation and articulation proposals from the "grounded theory". The number ofparticipants that handed in written accounts was 38, while 11 studentswere interviewed. The findings show that emotions have been the cornerstone of the self-assessment process, and the also show the importance of the generated learning and the importance of revealing the implicit values of our actions.

International audience ; Focusing on debates in France about gay marriage and on the use of the expression "théorie du genre", this article examines anti-gender discourse outside academic spheres and its use to dismiss claims for equal rights. "Théorie du genre" is shown to constitute an improper translation of "gender theory" with conceptual but also political consequences, as the rejection of the concept of gender is presented as an act of national resistance to the importation of a foreign and dangerous concept. Anti-gender discourse is described as an "ideological formation" (Rennes 93) and the prominence of the expression "théorie du genre" in recent public debates is analysed in order to bring to light its catholic grounding, its main semantic features, and its polemical purpose. ; En se concentrant sur les débats français autour du "mariage pour tous" et sur l'utilisation de l'expression "théorie du genre", cet article se penche sur le discours antigenre en-dehors de l'Université et son utilisation pour contrer les revendications d'égalité. L'article montre que "théorie du genre" est une traduction impropre de "gender theory", ce qui a des conséquences conceptuelles mais aussi politiques, puisque le rejet du concept de genre est présenté comme un acte de résistance nationale contre l'importation d'un concept étranger et dangereux. Le discours antigenre est décrit comme une "formation idéologique (Rennes 93) et l'importance de l'expression "théorie du genre" dans les débats publics récents est analysée pour mettre en évidence ses fondements catholiques, ses principaux traits sémantiques ainsi que son objectif polémique.

__Abstract__ The notion and theory of legal pluralism have been witnessing an increasing interest on part of scholars. The theory that originates from the legal anthropological studies and is one of the major topical streams in the realm of socio-legal studies slowly but steady started to become a point of departure for other disciplines. Unavoidably it has also gained attention from the scholars in the realm of the law of the European Union. It is the aim of the present article to illustrate the legal reality in which the law of the Union and the national laws coexist and intertwine with each other and, subsequently, to provide some insight on the manner national judges personally construct their own understanding of this complex legal architecture and the problems they come across in that respect. In that sense, the present article not only illustrates the new, pluralistic legal environment that came into being with the founding of the Communities, later the European Union, but also adds another dimension to this by presenting selected, empirical data on how national judges in several Member States of the EU individually perceive, adapt to, experience and make sense of this reality of overlapping and intertwining legal orders. Thus, the principal aim of this article is to illustrate how the pluralistic legal system works in the mind of a national judge and to capture the more day-to-day legal reality by showing how the law works on the ground through the lived experiences of national judges.

In the thesis I study integration of the Baltic States into the Internal Energy Market of the EU. The object of the study is the Baltic States. Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia are isolated from the energy system of the EU and cannot create free and open energy market. The theory of neo-functionalism helps me to understand the main principles of integration. The key concept of the theory is the spillover process. The sectoral spillover process explains interdependence of political and economic integration and the geographic spillover process shows the principles of regional integration. One of the main neo-functionalists Ernst Haas points out that states which are excluded from the integration process influence the integration. This concept explains the Russian influence on the energy integration of the EU which is important for the study. To understand the problem I use the analysis of the documents. I compare the progress reports of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan and analyze the implementation of the energy projects. A systems approach helps me to understand the cooperation of such different systems as Russia and the EU. The main problem is that the EU and the Baltic States do not have enough money to construct the infrastructure. Russian Gazprom offers to finance some projects but it will continue the dependence of the Baltic States on Russia and the main goal of the Internal Energy Market will not be achieved.

Purpose of the article: This study presents the comprehensive theoretical framework of a new growth theory called "creative economy". Recently, more and more of awareness is given to the creativity. Actually, the European Union nominates the year of 2009 as a year of creativity and innovation. On the other hand there is still not any unification concept of the creativity. Methodology/methods: That is why there is a need to formulate new paradigm in a form of creative economy, so that we would be able to understand the role of creativity in economic and social development. To construct the basic pillars of creative economy, this study used selected milestones from previous growth theories and as well is inspired by the period of modern economic growth that began with the emergence of an Industrial Revolution. Scientific aim: This theory defines a new emerging paradigm based on the presenting points. In the final section, theoretical conclusions of this work are documented by outputs obtained thanks to using a New creative index. This index was designed in such a way to come from the definition of creative economy while eliminate discrepancies of previous models. Findings: The current outputs have shown that regions with a significant creative potential (expressed by the New creative index) are achieving higher rate of economic level, more favorable demographic structure, better results in employment and in others macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions: The understanding of the concept of creative economy is the first step for setting strategy that will lead to ensuring competitiveness in today's global world.

AbstractThis study was to analyze the Coexistence and feminist critical discourses in LatinAmerica. An analysis by the academic production in Colombia, Mexico and CostaRica is a work that seeks to investigate and distinguish the implicated speeches inthe philosophical production around the identity of gender category, as well as thetheoretical references which disclaim the current debates about the analysis of suchcategory. This work is part of the academic, philosophical and political speech andtheir revision of the identity category in the social theory from the references of thefeminist theory. These debates are contrasted with a study performed on three educationalinterviews in order to determine the speech of educational philosophy presentin three countries of Latin America: Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. ; La investigación Convivencia de los discursos críticos y feministas en América Latina.Un análisis a través de la producción académica de Colombia, México y CostaRica es un trabajo que trató de investigar y distinguir los discursos sobre la categoríade identidad de género implicados en la producción fi losófi ca, así como losreferentes teóricos que deslindan los debates actuales respecto al análisis de dichacategoría. Se enmarcó en el discurso académico, fi losófi co y político, y su revisiónde la categoría de identidad, en la teoría social, aunque a partir de los referentesde la teoría feminista. Estos debates se contrastan con el estudio realizado sobre laproducción académica de tres revistas educativas, a fi n de determinar el discurso dela fi losofía educativa presente en tres países de América Latina: Colombia, CostaRica y México.

It--the research--was the result of cultural hegemony theory on theanalysis process by Antonio Gramsci on an novel ?óÔé¼?ôTarian Bumi?óÔé¼?Ø written byOka Rusmini. The objective of the research was form of hegemonicleadership brahmin caste to sudra caste on the novel entitled ?óÔé¼?ôTarianBumi?óÔé¼?Ø. This research was arranged to find those important elementshegemonic which were supported hegemony cultural theory, such as: kindsof consensus, government job descriptions, coopted civil society, organicintellectual, traditional intellectual, and the process of hegemony crisis itself.The research method of this thesis was descriptive and analysis method.It was used to describe the facts occurred on literature work, in this case wassocial facts in the novel entitled ?óÔé¼?ô Tarian Bumi?óÔé¼?Ø used to decide social levelswithin the texts. Those facts were used as textual proof which showed theposition of important elements on the hegemony cultural theories.It could be concluded that hegemonic leadership brahmin caste tosudra caste can be found on the novel entitled ?óÔé¼?ôTarian Bumi?óÔé¼?Ø by OkaRusmini. The first proof was the consensus used to control classes clash onBalinese social life. The next was the hegemonic class which controlledthose consensuses through mythes. The third was civil which were?óÔé¼?ôterkooptasi?óÔé¼?Ø through Sekehe dance. The forth was organic intellectual andtraditional intellectual which were delegated. The last was the hegemonycrisis occurred on the pasive revolution on ?óÔé¼?ôPatiwangi?óÔé¼?Ø sacred ritual doneby an actor on the novel.Key words: hegemonic, tarian bumi, classes clash, antonio gramsci.

Bu çalışmada Marx'ın kapitalizm eleştirisinde kullandığı kınayıcı ahlâkî tabirlerden yola çıkılarak kapitalizme yaptığı itirazların etik niteliği soruşturulmaktadır. Ayrıca 1970'lerde bilhassa Kuzey Amerika akademyasında geniş yer tutan tartışma, siyaset felsefesinde post-yapısalcı etik dönümün ve post-Marxizm'e geçişin ertesinde bu dönüşümlerin muhtemel teorik sonuçlarıyla birlikte yeniden ele alınmaktadır. Daha genel olarak da Marx'tan bir etik teori çıkarmanın imkânı, gereği ve sınırları araştırılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak Marx'ın özellikle öne çıkarmadığı ahlâkî eleştirinin yine de felsefi sisteminde içkin olduğu ve etik dönüm sonrası daha belirgin biçimde ortaya konulabileceği savunulmaktadır. Ancak Marx'ın ahlak temelli söylem ve mücadele aleyhinde ve temelde materyalist duyarlıklarında köklenen tutumu gereği anti-kapitalist mücadelenin tabanda, maddi ve siyasi kalmasının Markist görüşte esas olduğu vurgusu yapılmaktadır. ; This paper sets out to inquire into the ethical character of Marx's objections to capitalism by revisiting the North American debate during the 1970s. Toward this end, it probes the theoretical implications of the recent ethical turn in political theory as well as the transition from Marxism to post-Marxism. In a broader sense, the question is the possibility, necessity, and boundaries of deriving an ethical theory from Marx's thought. I argue that there is an implicit ethical dimension in his philosophical system, one that he deliberately does not make explicit. Nonetheless, this dimension can be better articulated after the recent ethical turn. However, insofar as Marx opposes any moralizing discourse and struggle vis-à-vis capitalism due to his materialist commitments, it is essential for him that the struggle remains on the ground, material, and political.