Suchergebnisse

The Politics of Immigration beyond Liberal States: Morocco and Tunisia in Comparative Perspective, by Katharina Natter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 280 pages. $99.99 cloth, e-book.

The devastating terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City, badly damaged the Pentagon, and took the lives of thousands of individuals. As more details became available about the terrorists who hijacked four U.S. planes to carry out these deadly attacks, universities around the U.S. struggled with the news that several of the hijackers had entered the U.S. on, or had later applied for, "student" visas. University officials began to grapple with new questions presented by these attacks: What responsibilities do the universities have to report foreign students who never enroll? Should universities be responsible for more stringent review of foreign applicants, and would such increased scrutiny of foreign students be lawful? Finally, as FBI officials appeared on university campuses nationwide to request information about the foreign students enrolled at these schools, university attorneys sought to definitively answer this question: What obligations does a university have to provide information about foreign students to the government? This article seeks to answer the latter question by examining the complex interaction of the Immigration and Naturalization Act (INA), the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) regulations and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). These laws, particularly as amended in 2001 - 2002, combine to control whether and how universities must report information about foreign students to the INS or other government agencies and how universities should respond to requests for information about foreign students. First, this article will review some basic information about the three typical types of "student" visas. Next, it will examine federal laws and regulations requiring universities to maintain and report specific information about students holding such visa status. Finally, it will explore how FERPA impacts these reporting requirements and requests for information about foreign students. II

In the heated debate regarding 'illegal immigration' in the US, arguments and accusations have abounded regarding economics, citizenship, criminality, and culture, but race has remained conspicuously sidelined in public discussion. I argue that race is in fact central to the debate on immigration, both by those opposed to any legalization of undocumented workers in the US and those who favor a temporary worker ('work visa') program. In this article, I examine how both anti-immigration and pro-work-visa groups framed the immigration debate as reported in newspaper articles in the particularly contentious period from December 2005 to November 2006. I performed a content analysis of three newspapers representing three different regions and three differing histories of immigration: the Chicago Tribune, the Houston Chronicle, and the Raleigh News & Observer. Using Blumer's group position theory, I examine the patterns within the discussion for evidence of preservation of racial group position on the part of both anti-immigration and pro-work visa advocates.

Immigration policies - in Europe as well in the United States - perform a gatekeeping function, and changes in those policies result in dramatic changes in the immigration influx, its composition and in the development of the receiving societies. To characterize the different approaches and goals U.S. scholars distinguish at least four periods of different "gates" or "doors" of the U.S. immigration policy: 1820-1880 (The Open-Door Era); 1880-1920 (The Door-Ajar Era); 1920-1950 (The Pet-Door Era); 1950-1986 (The Dutch-Door Era); after 1986 (The Revolving-Door Era). This article discusses the development from the Immigration Act of 1965 to the Immigration Act of 1986 (trends, problems, proposals, provisions) as a case study of political "incrementalism" in social reform policies, i.e. a series of smaller, short-term and partly controversial decisions instead of a clear, careful, long-term and goal oriented policy. Europe should take advantage of the American experiences of shifting immigration policy goals and discuss the need of a new approach to make labor immigrants to citizens.

After expressing concern with the pervasive use of the "fortress Europe" metaphor, tensions & contradictions in EU migration policy are identified along with attempts to manage & resolve these issues. It is contended that the EU is trying to create a beneficial security-economic growth dynamic centered on fighting illegal immigration in a security dimension while fostering large-scale legal labor migration circulation in a growth dimension. EU relations with Africa are discussed to illustrate. Rights & citizenship implications of this immigration policy regime are considered. D. Edelman

The Syrian War has caused a major refugee crisis in the world starting in 2011. From then, almost 5.6 million Syrians have been externally displaced due to the impact of ongoing civil war in the country. Since the beginning of the Syrian War, 3.57 million refugees have immigrated to Turkey as refugees. Especially, the cities near in the Syrian-Turkey border and Istanbul are the most populated ones. As the Syrian immigration problem continues to grow in Turkey, the unsystematic settling of Syrian refugees has caused unstable sub-regional labor markets in some cities of Turkey. In addition to Turkey's recent economic recession, increases in informal Syrian unemployment continues to form 'supply shocks' to informal labor in different sectors. This refugee problem is mostly seen in the informal sector because of the education level of the refugees and current government policies. This paper investigates the impact of Syrian immigration in Turkey in the informal employment, formal employment and unemployment. Using random and fixed effects regressions, this paper finds that places with more refugees had an increase in unemployment and lower the wages. This is due to both huge inflow of Syrian refugees and declining Turkish economy.

'Japanese Pride, American Prejudice: Modifying the Exclusion Clause of the 1924 Immigration Act' by Izumi Horibe is reviewed.

Curran reviews 'Re-Creating America: The Ethics of U.S. Immigration & Refugee Policy in a Christian Perspective,' by Dana W. Wilbanks.

"In recent years, Republicans and Democrats have drifted toward polarized immigration policy positions, forestalling congressional efforts at comprehensive reform. In this book Gary M. Reich helps explain why some states have enacted punitive policies toward their immigrant populations, while others have stepped up efforts to consider all immigrants as de facto citizens. Reich argues that state policies reflect differing immigrant communities across states. In states where large-scale immigration was a recent phenomenon, immigrants became an electorally-enticing target of restrictionist advocates within the Republican party. Conversely established immigrant communities steadily strengthened their ties to civic organizations and their role in Democratic electoral and legislative politics. Reich contends that these diverging demographic trends at the state level were central to the increasing partisan polarization surrounding immigration nationally. He concludes that immigration federalism at present suffers from an internal contradiction that proliferates conflict across all levels of government. As long as Congress is incapable of addressing the plight of unauthorized immigrants and establishing a consensus on immigration admissions, state policies inevitably expand legal uncertainty and partisan wrangling. The Politics of Immigration Across the United States will appeal to scholars and instructors in the fields of immigration policy, social policy, and state government and politics. The book will also encourage public policy practitioners to reflect critically on their work"--