Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 but started to participate in EU crisis management operations well before. Since the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) was a new policy area at that time, it was an extraordinary experience for Hungary to be integrated into a policy still under development.
Aft er briefly detailing the foreign and security policy options Hungary faced right after the transition from communism, this paper analyses Hungary's contribution to the CSDP. The CSDP is based on two pillars — one operational and the other related to capability-building. The paper first analyses Hungary's participation in the civilian and military operations launched in the framework of the CSDP. Specifically, it explores the operations Hungary has joined, the kind of capacities it has contributed and the deficiencies and problems that have emerged in this sphere. Second, the paper addresses Hungary's perspectives and aspirations regarding capability development. Specifically, it looks at how Hungary views the future of the CSDP, especially in light of the country's participation in permanent structured cooperation (PESCO), the central element in the EU's joint defence capability development.
Methodologically, the paper employs qualitative content and discourse analysis, drawing on relevant secondary literature and analyses of official EU and Hungarian (legislative and non-legislative) documents. Surveying Hungary's participation in EU crisis management operations since the beginning of the CSDP, the paper finds it has joined 42 per cent of civilian and 70 per cent of military operations. These have been in the immediate neighbourhood but also distant locations (Africa, Central Asia, and the Near East). At the same time, distinct challenges have hampered Hungary's contribution to certain operations, such as a dearth of foreign language skills and a lack of strategic airlift and mobile logistics capabilities. The paper also finds that regional defence cooperation was not the central driver of cooperation within PESCO projects. Overall, Hungary is somewhere in the middle of the pack in terms of the number of PESCO projects it participates in.

The future European Central Bank needs monetary policy instruments which have yet to be agreed. At present, the range of instruments is very heterogeneous in the potential member states. This book offers a systematic analysis of the issue, considering general theoretical arguments as well as the concrete institutional situation in European countries. Taking the Bundesbank's instruments as the starting point, their rationale is discussed against the background of experience elsewhere. The theoretical and empirical treatment leads to several competing concepts. Taking the three goals of monetary efficiency, fair competition and decentralization establishes a strong case for the use of "standing facilities" and to a lesser extend "reserve requirements", albeit modified and brought up-to-date

Maģistra darbs "Eiropas Savienības politika Austrumu partnerības attīstībai: Austrumu partnerības samitu loma" ir veltīts Austrumu partnerības attīstības izpētei, ko veicinājusi Eiropas Savienības Kaimiņvalstu politika. Austrumu partnerība ir viena no ES ārējās politikas prioritātēm, tāpēc tās ietvaros dažādās formās tiek stiprināta sadarbība ar Austrumu partnerības valstīm, lai caur savstarpēju ekonomisku un politisku attiecību veidošanu ES nodrošinātu ekonomisku, politisku stabilitāti un mieru kaimiņvalstīs, kā arī ES robežu stiprināšanu. Viens no augstākā politiskā līmeņa daudzpusējās sadarbības formātiem ir Austrumu partnerības samiti, kuru laikā tiek izvērtēti Austrumu partnerības sasniegtie rezultāti un iezīmēti jauni attīstības virzieni. Šajos samitos piedalās ES 28 dalībvalstu un 6 Austrumu partnerības valstu vadītāji, kā arī ES institūciju augstākās amatpersonas un eksperti. Maģistra darbs sastāv no trīs nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā tiek aplūkotas Starptautisko attiecību teorijas un to piemērošana ES ārējās attiecībās, raksturota Eiropas Kaimiņu politika un Austrumu partnerības būtība. Otrajā daļā tiek aplūkoti ES asociācijas līgumu teorētiskie un tiesiskie aspekti, kā arī noslēgtie līgumi ar Austrumu partnerības valstīm, sniegts AP valstu raksturojums un analizēti trīs notikušo AP samitu rezultāti. Darba trešajā daļā tiek apkopoti ekspertu viedokļi par AP kopumā un prognozēm AP attīstības Rīgas samita laikā, savukārt nodaļas noslēgumā tiek analizēti AP Rīgas samita rezultāti. Atslēgvārdi: Austrumu partnerība, Austrumu partnerības samits, Eiropas Savienība, Eiropas Kaimiņu attiecību politika, starptautisko attiecību teorijas ; The Master thesis "European Union's policy towards Eastern Partnership's development: the role of the Eastern Partnership summits" analyzes the development of the Eastern partnership, supported by the European Union's (EU) Neighbourhood policy. Eastern partnership is one of the priorities of the EU's Foreign policy through which EU strengthens the economic and political copperation with the Eastern partnership members, in order to enhance economic and political stability and peace in the neighbouring countries, as well as to strengthen the borders of the EU. Eastern Partnership Summit is one of the most important political activities in the multilateral cooperation, during which parties assess the accomplishments of the Eastern Partnership and draw new directions for further development. Leaders from the 28 EU and 6 Eastern Partnership countries, as well as the Senior Officials of the EU and experts participate in the summits. The Master Thesis consists of three parts. The first part reviews the theories of International Relations and their application in the EU Foreign relations; and characterizes the Neighbourhood policy of EU and the Eastern Partnership. The second part reviews the theoretical and legal aspects of the Association agreements of the EU, as well as the reached agreements with the members of the Eastern Partnership; characterizes the members states of the Eastern Partnership and analyzes the results of the three past summits. The third part presents the expert opinions about the Eastern Partnership and theirs forecasts for the development of the Eastern Partnership during the Riga Eastern Partnership Summit. The concluding part analyzes the results of the Riga Eastern Partnership Summit. Key-words: Eastern partnership, Eastern Partnership Summit, European Union, European Neighbourhood policy, Theories of International Relations