Suchergebnisse

The article briefly describes international legislation in parental responsibility matters and focuses on the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (in practice called Brussels II a or Brussels II bis). The essay reveals and analyses the difficulties which occur while hearing parental responsibility cases within the European Union. Particular attention is given to special cases which were difficult to resolve for the national courts of the Republic of Lithuania. Also, the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union is examined. The guidelines on how to avoid the problems of establishing jurisdiction are given. The relations of 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction and Regulations Brussels II bis are revealed and the reasons for adoption of the Regulation are highlighted. The article also proposes improvements for Article 15 of the Regulation and the effective application of a modified forum non conveniens doctrine in parental responsibility cases.

Environmental degradation is increasingly causing cross-border displacement of people, but countries have formed no treaties to facilitate collaboration on the issue. When is such collaboration feasible, and how should environmental displacement treaties be designed? We present a game-theoretic analysis. In our model, countries first decide on ratifying a treaty, and doing so commits them to helping other countries that face cases of environmental degradation in the future. The equilibrium analysis suggests that treaty formation is easier under conditions of mutual vulnerability than if some countries are at a greater risk of environmental degradation than others. Our most important finding is that contrary to the received wisdom, treaties imposing stringent demands on countries are easier to form than treaties that are easy to comply with. We also examine the benefits of using displacement treaties to build capacity for cooperation. We illustrate the utility of the analysis with a discussion of the Kampala Convention on environmental displacement and consider the potential for future treaty formation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Adapted from the source document.

This article examines Malcolm X's affirmation at the Oxford Union of the proposition put forward by US Senator Barry Goldwater at the Republican National Convention in 1964: 'Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice; moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.' At Oxford, black nationalism, American conservatism and liberal conceptualisations of rights were all on display, as Malcolm X explored new potentialities in American and black political thought. The paper seeks to uncover some of the less explored dimensions of this moment of transition in US and UK racial politics, even as Malcolm extended his arguments into the broader context of decolonisation in Africa and the extension of rights to Africans and other marginalised groups throughout the world. With the 1964 elections in the US and UK serving as background, the author seeks to illuminate the ways in which the rhetoric and theories implicit in the debate represented both atavistic and new arguments for reconciling the impulse for both racial and civic recognition in modern society.

The European Convention on Human Rights (1950) was conceived as a practical means of encouraging and securing the observance of human rights. It owes its phenomenal success to the right of the individual petition which, although initially conditional and limited, subsequently became extended to encompass direct, unhindered access to the Court, thus putting a new complexion on State responsibility in international law. Adapted from the source document.

В данной статье рассматриваются история вопроса присоединения Европейского Союза к Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод 1950 года и правовые основы для такого присоединения. Особое внимание уделяется тому факту, что присоединение Европейского Союза к Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод представляет собой оптимальный способ преодоления возможных разногласий и укрепления институционального сотрудничества между Судом Европейского Союза и Европейским Судом по правам человека. ; The article considers the history of the issue of the European Union accession to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 and legal bases for such accession. Special attention is paid to the fact that the European Union accession to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is an optimal way of overcoming possible disagreements and consolidating the institutional collaboration of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights.

The parties in Germany seem to resemble each other more and more in organizational matters. However, an analysis of the charters and the participant observation of the conventions of the FDP and the Greens show that significant differences persist. These differences are related to both the representational cultures and the cultures of decision-making and can be traced back to the different origins and self-concepts. The FDP's roots as a "Honoratiorenpartei" (party of notables) are thus reflected in the dominance of parliamentarians and the perception of the office of a delegate and a board member as an honorary post. In addition, intraparty elections are based on the classical liberal idea of representative democracy. However, with the Greens, where board members and delegates receive money, subdivisions have extensive rights to submit motions and to call meetings, and even the smallest district section is represented at the federal party convention. Furthermore, the self-concept as an antiparty party and the ideal of grassroots democracy continue to have an effect. On the other hand both parties feature partly astonishing similarities, ranging from meetings on weekends to the irrelevance of direct democratic decision-making procedures. Adapted from the source document.

South American states' traditional antinarcotics policy, which is highly influenced by Washington and its prohibitionist doctrine, is facing increasing criticism. Several countries such as Bolivia, Uruguay and Colombia are attempting to introduce policy that is less focused on blanket repression. However, this new orientation poses problems with regard to relations with the United States and international conventions for the suppression of drug trafficking. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Awakening -- Chapter 2 The Quaker -- Chapter 3 The World Anti-Slavery Convention: June 12-23, 1840 -- Chapter 4 Home -- Chapter 5 The Seneca Falls Convention -- Chapter 6 Lucy Stone -- Chapter 7 Worcester -- Chapter 8 Sojourner Truth -- Chapter 9 Susan Β. Anthony -- Chapter 10 The Woman Question -- Chapter 11 Civil War -- Chapter 12 The Negro's Hour -- Chapter 13 The New Departure -- Chapter 14 Wyoming and Utah -- Chapter 15 Scandal -- Chapter 16 Setbacks in the West -- Chapter 17 The New Woman -- Chapter 18 Colorado -- Chapter 19 Transitions -- Chapter 20 Sisterhood -- Chapter 21 Success in the Pacific West -- Chapter 22 Alice Paul -- Chapter 23 The Winning Plan -- Chapter 24 War -- Chapter 25 Ratification -- Chapter 26 Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.

1. Introduction : multilateral conventions and customary international law / Paul Stephen Dempsey -- 2. The Chicago Convention / Ludwig Weber -- 3. International safety requirements / Jimena Blumenkron -- 4. Safety regulation and oversight / Christopher M. Petras and Mathieu Vaugeois -- 5. Air navigation / Francis Schubert -- 6. Airport business and regulation / Isabelle Lelieur and Charles E. Schlumberger -- 7. Security regulations : international requirements / Jiefang Huang -- 8. Domestic regulation of security : the example of the European Union / George Leloudas -- 9. Aircraft and airport noise : local issues with global implications / Yaw Nyampong -- 10. Environmental law : emissions / Tanveer Ahmad -- 11. International air transport agreements / Juan Carlos Salazar and Peter von Fenema -- 12. Economic regulation of air transport / P.P.C. Haanappel -- 13. Antitrust and competition law / Kate Markvida -- 14. Consumer protection / Martine De Serres.

The guidance aims to assist Parties in more effectively mitigating the effects of possible industrial accidents and the consequences on human health, the environment and cultural heritage within countries and across borders. The general guidance (Part A) does this by sharing examples and pointing to good practices of countries' efforts in the UNECE region to integrate industrial safety considerations into environmental assessment and land-use planning processes. It also highlights the important interlinkages, synergies and complementarities between these and other instruments, including the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention), aiming to assist competent authorities and practitioners in applying the provisions. This is supplemented by the technical guidance (Part B), which focuses on the risk aspects.

La comparaison du Lockheed Constellation de la KLM desservant l'aéroport d'Amsterdam Schiphol dans les années 1950 et de l'actuel Boeing Dreamliner résume bien les mutations profondes du transport aérien de passagers : sa massification avec l'essor des capacités des aéronefs, sa mondialisation avec l'essor des rayons d'action et sa technicisation avec les commandes assistées, le guidage et le contrôle aérien. L'entrée en vigueur de la Convention de Montréal, qui vient moderniser l'ancienne Convention de Varsovie, reflète ce processus. Parallèlement, l'essor du droit dérivé de l'Union européenne et l'humanisation du droit international conduisent à considérer toujours plus les droits du passager, qu'il s'agisse de droits subjectifs ou de droits fondamentaux. L'actualité rappelle cependant, hélas, que le transport aérien de passagers n'est jamais prémuni des soubresauts de l'actualité géopolitique internationale ou des conséquences de la libéralisation des marchés

This book focuses on maritime employment from a private international law perspective. The first chapter analyzes the background against which international jurisdiction and conflict of laws rules are drawn up and examines uniform law in this context, in particular the 2006 Maritime Labour Convention and the 2007 ILO Convention No. 188 on Work in Fishing. The second chapter addresses international jurisdiction issues as regards individual employment contracts, while also exploring other issues (e.g. insolvency-related and social security matters) that are subsequently revisited in the third chapter while discussing conflict of laws issues related to said contracts. In turn, chapter four focuses on collective labour relations and private international law, i.e. collective agreements, strikes and other forms of collective action and information, and on the participation rights of employees in business matters

What happens when UNESCO heritage conventions are ratified by a state? How do UNESCO's global efforts interact with preexisting local, regional and state efforts to conserve or promote culture? What new institutions emerge to address the mandate? The contributors to this volume focus on the work of translation and interpretation that ensues once heritage conventions are ratified and implemented. With seventeen case studies from Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and China, the volume provides comparative evidence for the divergent heritage regimes generated in states that differ in history and political organization. The cases illustrate how UNESCOś aspiration to honor and celebrate cultural diversity diversifies itself. The very effort to adopt a global heritage regime forces myriad adaptations to particular state and interstate modalities of building and managing heritage.