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Taking over 10 years to develop, the new EU Water Framework Directive is the most significant legal instrument in the water field to emerge from Brussels for some time and will have a profound effect on how water is managed in Europe over the next 25 years. The book outlines its basic features. It explains how the current approach to water management will have to change in order that European Member states and those countries currently in accession negotiations can meet the requirements of the directive, describing a number of examples of current practices as possible systems which could be used in the new approach. The concept of river basin management is outlined, and the potential institutional problems associated with implementing such a system are discussed including the problems associated with cross-border river basins, a common situation in Europe. Examples of existing river basin authorities and international collaboration are given as possible models. The directive requires the establishment of programmes of measures to improve water status. Some countries already use such a concept, and examples are quoted. As a result of its implementation, the directive aims to achieve good water status in all natural surface waters and groundwater in 15 years. For surface waters, the definition of 'good' is based on a new concept of 'ecological quality' taking into account biology, chemistry and their physical features. For groundwater, it includes quantitative status. The approach taken is an integrated one which has to consider all the naturally occurring and human factors which affect the waters. The difficulties of interpretation of the new concept of 'ecological water status' are discussed and some of the examples of current biological and chemical classification schemes that are used in Europe are examined. The directive also alters the way in which pollution is to be controlled - the 'combined' approach. This concept is explained. The EU Water Framework Directive: An Introduction is an invaluable source of guidance on the implementation of the Water Framework Directive for all those concerned with water management including water quality planners and scientists, pollution control and environmental staff in the water and wastewater industries and environmental regulators who all have to adapt to the new approach to their work. Contents Introduction The EU Water Framework Directive Principal Obligations of the Directive Implementation of the Directive Ri ...

In the dark of a July night in 2018, a 5-billion-cubic-metre torrent of muddy water crashed through rooftops and ripped through the downstream villages of southeast Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). An auxiliary "saddle" dam had collapsed in the US$1.02 billion Xe Pian-Xe
Namnoy (XPXN) Hydropower Project that was still under construction and had just reached financial contractual close five years prior, in 2013. In the aftermath of the collapse, official state narratives pointed to extreme weather conditions and "unforeseen" construction and engineering miscalculations,
viewing soil conditions as the primary culprit. This paper examines the financial dimensions of dam failure and introduces the term "fast finance": financier-driven timelines that have drastically expedited and shortened the legal, social, and pre-construction processes involved in hydropower
dam projects to the detriment of dam safety, due diligence, and local participatory input. Extreme weather and anthropogenic climate change are not sole explanatory factors in the XPXN dam disaster. This paper highlights the also significant role of financial and political interests as contributing
factors in dam safety and failure alongside extreme weather. The paper challenges conventional "natural disaster" framing of dam collapse by bringing into focus ex-ante political decision-making, financial engineering, and construction planning prior to dam construction to highlight the ways
in which the XPXN catastrophe also had anthropogenic and "unnatural" contributing factors. Fast finance encompasses the role of temporality and the responsibility of state-business actors in ex-ante financial and infrastructure decisions that conclude with catastrophic outcomes. The article
examines the re-engineering of contemporary dam finance through a case study of Lao PDR and argues that issues of financial engineering should be examined alongside other forms of civil, mechanical, structural, and hydrological engineering in the analysis of dam disasters. The temporal logics
of financial actors—particularly the financialized logic of fast finance—has displaced the public-good-producing logic of patient capital. Financial logics shape and condition other forms of engineering and construction and are central to considerations of dam safety and accountability.
Naturalizing discourses around extreme weather and aging dams deflect from the financial decisions and policy action, or inaction, of state-business actors to prevent dam collapse.

The article actualizes the importance of professional readiness of a teacher for innovative activities. At the same time, attention is payed to the importance and role of innovation in the organization of a modern school, to its purposeful process of creating, using and distributing innovations in order to ensure highly effective training and education of young students. In this context, attention is drawn to the teacher's readiness for innovative professional activity as an integrative quality of his/her personality, as a regulator and condition for successful professional activity aimed at creating, implementing and distributing educational innovations, which has a positive effect on improving the quality of Education. The article emphasizes that the success of educational transformations reflected on the pages of a number of regulatory legal acts depends on a number of innovations introduced into the educational process. It is also emphasized that the introduction of innovative processes determines the need for appropriate changes in the professional activities of the teaching staff of the relevant educational institution. A lot of attention is paid to the components of the teacher's innovative competence. It is noted that innovative activity is the internal force that shapes the teacher's position (professional and personal qualities), is a prerequisite for effective work, the maximum realization of opportunities and the disclosure of creative potential. In addition to everything else, the author of the article pays attention to the need to establish appropriate criteria aimed at the teacher's readiness for innovative innovations, emphasizes the importance of the appropriate level of technological readiness for innovative activities. The article emphasizes that the professional readiness of a teacher for innovative activities is a natural result of his special training, self-determination, education and self-education, and upbringing. It is noted that one of the important components of professional readiness of a teacher for innovative activities is innovative competence (a system of motives, skills, knowledge, skills, personal qualities of a teacher, which ensures the effectiveness of using new pedagogical technologies in working with young students). The article also stresses that one of the important levers to strengthen the innovative activity of a teacher is his motivational interests and value orientations, the main components that contribute to the implementation of innovative measures in the educational process of the school are named.

The correct understanding of the current world political agenda associated with changes in the global agrifood system is accompanied by the development of new analytical models. The present work is also devoted to the study of the "Land Grabbing" concept as one of innovative tools of the theoretical apparatus of political science. Using the method of historical and logical unity, the author evaluates the role of the "Land Grabbing" strategy, in comparison with "Double Movement" theory and the typology of international food regimes. In particular, the article is devoted to the study of the stages of emergence and evolution of this concept, unfamiliar to the Russian academic community. Based on a comparative analysis, all theories used to describe the expropriation of ecosystem resources are compared. As a result of the procedure, the compilation feature of all related concepts is diagnosed, and the hidden discursive disagreement is eliminated. Using the method of critical analysis, the author develops a "Two-phase model of the occupation of control", which emphasizes the dominant position of the Conflict paradigm – the semantic module of the idea of "Land Grabbing". In the experimental part of the article, the effectiveness of the "Land Grabbing" concept is verified on a specific example – the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation. Via the method of statistical observation, the author analyzes the dynamics of property rights and systematizes the register of commercial contracts concluded with agricultural land in the period from 2000 to 2023. It is proved that foreign corporations are the ultimate beneficiaries in more than 90% of cases of all land transactions. Relying on the method of secondary data analysis, the author identifies the largest commercial owners of agricultural land and the leading countries in offshore exploitation of the general domestic ecosystem resource. By the visualization method, a "Tree-factor model of Land Grabbing" is constructed, the indicators of which are the processes of Corporatization, Foreignization and Catastrophization. In the final part of the work, the author simulates a predictive scenario for the transformation of the global food system based on a retrospective analysis of international food regimes. At the same time, a legal examination of the strategy for national security of the Russian Federation is conducted. Drawing on the analysis performed, the author formulates recommendations relevant to the current geopolitical situation.

In the dark of a July night in 2018, a 5-billion-cubic-metre torrent of muddy water crashed through rooftops and ripped through the downstream villages of southeast Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). An auxiliary "saddle" dam had collapsed in the US$1.02 billion Xe Pian-Xe Namnoy (XPXN) Hydropower Project that was still under construction and had just reached financial contractual close five years prior, in 2013. In the aftermath of the collapse, official state narratives pointed to extreme weather conditions and "unforeseen" construction and engineering miscalculations, viewing soil conditions as the primary culprit. This paper examines the financial dimensions of dam failure and introduces the term "fast finance": financier-driven timelines that have drastically expedited and shortened the legal, social, and pre-construction processes involved in hydropower dam projects to the detriment of dam safety, due diligence, and local participatory input. Extreme weather and anthropogenic climate change are not sole explanatory factors in the XPXN dam disaster. This paper highlights the also significant role of financial and political interests as contributing factors in dam safety and failure alongside extreme weather. The paper challenges conventional "natural disaster" framing of dam collapse by bringing into focus ex-ante political decision-making, financial engineering, and construction planning prior to dam construction to highlight the ways in which the XPXN catastrophe also had anthropogenic and "unnatural" contributing factors. Fast finance encompasses the role of temporality and the responsibility of state-business actors in ex-ante financial and infrastructure decisions that conclude with catastrophic outcomes. The article examines the re-engineering of contemporary dam finance through a case study of Lao PDR and argues that issues of financial engineering should be examined alongside other forms of civil, mechanical, structural, and hydrological engineering in the analysis of dam disasters. The temporal logics of financial actors—particularly the financialized logic of fast finance—has displaced the public-good-producing logic of patient capital. Financial logics shape and condition other forms of engineering and construction and are central to considerations of dam safety and accountability. Naturalizing discourses around extreme weather and aging dams deflect from the financial decisions and policy action, or inaction, of state-business actors to prevent dam collapse. (Pac Aff / GIGA)

Relevance. In modern conditions, there is a significant transformation of the business sector. Technological development becomes the driving force of economic growth and the object of the country's strategic development, since technological enterprises form the basis of technological development. Currently, there are several types of entrepreneurial structures that take place in the modern economy: technological entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of digital technologies; digital business. In modern conditions, scientific and technological progress is accelerating at a double rate, as the information space is expanding both inside and outside the country. The development of technological entrepreneurship requires a developed innovation ecosystem that creates favorable conditions for the creation of advanced technologies and technological solutions. Modern entrepreneurship is developing in various directions, based on advanced technologies and digital transformation. Despite the rapid technological growth of Russian companies, there are a number of problems hindering further development. However, in the current conditions of sanctions pressure and a complex geopolitical situation, the technology sphere on the Russian territory is waiting for big changes in terms of infrastructure and institutional issues, which determines the relevance of the scientific research presented in this paper. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the role of public administration in innovation and technological development. Objectives: to consider the mechanism of state regulation and state support for technological entrepreneurship and to analyze the current state of innovation and technological development. Methodology. The study is based on a review of the works of domestic economists, the study of the regulatory framework on the research topic and the analysis of statistical data. Results. In the course of the work, the current state of the technological development of the Russian Federation was analyzed, the key indicators of innovative and technological development were analyzed, the main problems and features of technological entrepreneurship at the present stage were characterized, the legal framework for technological development, which forms the structure and principles of the functioning of the technology market, was considered. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that in the near future the state is waiting for the development of the domestic technology market, which contributes to technological development.

Context Invasive non-native species are on the rise worldwide, exacerbating already significant environmental and economic impacts. Concurrently, public attitudes towards methods of controlling these species are changing, with greater demand for non-lethal solutions. This has fostered research into developing new, effective technologies and strategies for wildlife management. Aims On the basis of a case study focusing on the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in the UK, this study aimed to understand the potential for population management, using either live trapping or oral contraception. First, assuming completely coordinated landscape-scale control, and then, coordinated control only on parts of the landscape, accounting for the potential that landowners' attitudes towards alternative methods may differ and reflect those of the wider public. Methods We used an existing spatially explicit individual-based modelling approach applying various parameterisations to define management. We varied the density of traps or hoppers delivering contraceptives, the duration of deployment, contraceptive efficacy, initial population size, and the probability of landowner participation. The latter was based on a previous public survey, suggesting that 40% of the respondents were open to management using trapping and 64% to using contraception. Key results With complete coordinated control, trapping was generally faster and more cost-effective than was contraception. However, when differences in social acceptance were considered, reducing participation and, consequently, the spatial coverage of management, contraception was found to maintain greater population reductions than was trapping with similar effort, assuming a contraceptive efficacy of 75% or higher. Conclusions This study added another layer of complexity to managing invasive non-native species, namely the potential effect that landowners' attitudes to different methods of population management might have on the level of coordinated control at landscape scale. In a situation such as the one modelled by this study, where management is not a legal requirement, this human dimension must be considered alongside cost-effectiveness, to develop successful control in line with management goals. Implications Further work is required to establish the actual attitudes of landowners, and in different contexts (e.g. urban, rural areas), how this may change as new approaches become available, and then how spatial variation (clustering) in the resulting wildlife population control may affect outcomes.

The article is devoted to the study of the institution of rehabilitation of credit institutions in Russia, its current problems and prospects for further development. The author examines the influence of the institution of reorganization on the stability of the country's banking system. The object of research in the article is the Institute of Reorganization of Credit Institutions in Russia. The subject of the study is an assessment of the current state of the domestic institute of rehabilitation of credit institutions. The theoretical and methodological basis of this article is the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, the normative acts of the Bank of Russia, scientific publications and studies of Russian scientists devoted to the study of this issue. Statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia, as well as other information materials posted on the Internet were used as an information base. The study is based on methods of statistical analysis, a review of literature, regulations and other information sources concerning the rehabilitation of credit institutions, and covers 1990-2021. The definition of rehabilitation of credit institutions is formulated. The main stages of the development of the institution of rehabilitation of credit institutions are considered: the mechanism of the rehabilitation procedure, the main changes in it at each stage of the institute's development, its advantages and disadvantages. The 'credit' mechanism of bank rehabilitation with the participation of the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) and the mechanism with the participation of the Management Company of the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund specially established by the Bank of Russia (LLC "CC FCBS") are considered in the most detail. Each of these mechanisms has its advantages and disadvantages highlighted. Currently, both of these methods are used in Russia. Based on the analysis of the current state of the institute of rehabilitation and the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of credit institutions, a number of problems are identified: the lack of a single regulatory act regulating the activities of this institute, the high cost of the procedures of rehabilitation, etc. Recommendations for their solution and improvement of the institution of rehabilitation of credit institutions in Russia are given for each identified problem.

The research subject includes the theoretical basis and mechanism of excise policy formation and realization. The study aims to determine the priorities of excise policy development in the context of developing its regulatory impact on economic processes and increasing the fiscal potential of excise duty. Methods. In order to achieve the appropriate tasks, we used a set of methods and approaches that helped to ensure the conceptual unity of our investigation. The systemic and structural approaches, generalization methods, analytical evaluation, synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction are applied. Results. The fiscal significance of the excise tax in the OECD countries and Ukraine for the last two decades has been determined. The main stages of excise policy development in 2001–2021 are systematized. The volumes of illegal circulation of excisable goods and losses of tax revenues are analyzed. Finally, the priorities of the excise policy are substantiated. Practical implications. Tax policy and instruments of its implementation. Conclusions. Ukraine could use the foreign experience of floating excise tax on fuel in a period of high and rising prices for petroleum products. It is necessary to eliminate the fundamental reason for expanding the illegal tobacco market - a significant difference in the growth rate of cigarette prices (primarily due to the rising tax burden) and household income. Therefore, it is reasonable to change the current schedule of excise duty rates by revising them and slowing down the growth from 20% to 10-12% annually. Furthermore, it is actually to return criminal liability for the illegal movement of tobacco products across the customs border of Ukraine. It is necessary to increase further the institutional capacity of the State Customs and State Border Services. The government should improve the institutional environment for the e-commerce of excisable goods. The priority direction of the taxation development of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products is introducing an automated control system over their production and circulation (electronic excise stamp). A further increase in the tax rate on alcohol should be taken with caution, understanding the potential threats to reduce legal production, and replacing this niche with counterfeiting, which will lead to lower revenues or a tiny increase. The main criterion for collecting excise tax for cars should be technical and operational characteristics related to fuel efficiency.

AbstrakIndonesia telah melakukan transformasi teknologi militer, persenjataan, organisasi dan doktrin militer dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan internal dan eksternal. Apakah transformasi militer tersebut sesuai dengan konsep Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA)? Tulisan ini menganalisa komponen RMA Indonesia manakah yang paling penting berhasil dilakukan sejak 2004 hingga 2021? Pada periode kapan RMA paling baik telah terjadi? Tulisan ini berdasarkan penelitian metode campuran (mix method). Metodologi kuantitatif berdasarkan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) serta metode kualitatif berdasarkan Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) melalui pertimbangan aspek Politik, Ekonomi, Sosial, Teknologi, Lingkungan/Environment, Hukum/Legal/Law (PESTLE). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner terhadap 9 responden ahli RMA, interview serta analisa literature. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komando, kontrol, computer dan integrasi sistem (C4) merupakan komponen RMA yang paling penting di Indonesia sejak 2004 hingga 2021. Pelaksanaan RMA terbaik yaitu pada 2009 hingga 2014. Analisa SWOT menunjukkan militer Indonesia masih belum optimal menangani perubahan ancaman dari dalam maupun luar sehingga perlu melakukan strategi diversifikasi.Kata kunci: Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), Indonesia, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Politics, Economy, Social, Technology, Law, Environment (PESTLE) dan Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) AbstractIndonesia has transformed its military technology, weapons, organization, and military doctrine corresponding to its environments. However, is the transformation in line with the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) concept? This paper evaluates components undertaken of Indonesian RMA from 2004 to 2021, also examines when Indonesia performed the best RMA. The study utilized the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a quantitative methodology; and the Politic, Economy, Social, Technology, Environment, Law, and (PESTLE) and Strength-Weakness-Opportunity- Threat (SWOT) for the quantitative side. The paper uses nine expert questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews for data collection. The result shows that command, control, computers, and system integration are the most significant RMA components from 2004 to 2021. The best RMA takes place from 2009 to 2014. The SWOT analysis indicates that the Indonesian military is still not optimal in anticipating changes from within and outside; thus, it is imperative to carry out a diversification strategy.Keywords: Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), Indonesia, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Politics, Economy, Social, Technology, Law, Environment (PESTLE), and Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats (SWOT).

This work analyzes the mining legal system in Brazil associated with the historical understanding of the colonization process, from the transmodern perspective of Enrique Dussel and decolonial thougth in Latin America. Mining was guided by an instrumental reason of Eurocentric matrix, supported by the man-nature disjuction, as well as an universalist and objectifying view of enviroment. Therefore, It have sought to confront this exploratory model with the assumptions of decolonial thinking and the proposal of overcoming from the emerging andean Latin America environmental constitutionalism. The discussion of mining under the poltical ecology in Latin America was deeppened, especially the contemporary theoretical developments by the neoextractivism concept and the new role of the State in the global commodity market. Next, the epistemological foudations of the mining regulation in Brazil and the proposals for legislative change in Bill 5.807/2013, Provisional Measure 790/2017 and Bill 191/2020 was anayzed. In the end, it can surmise that the exploitation model in the country keeps politically aligned with a ultraliberal and mercantilized dimension of nature, founded on an antinatura rationality. ; O presente trabalho analisa o regime jurídico da mineração no Brasil, associado a compreensão histórica do processo colonização, a partir da perspectiva transmoderna de Enrique Dussel e do pensamento decolonial na América Latina. A atividade extrativa mineral orientou-se por razão instrumental de matriz eurocêntrica, escorada na disjunção homem-natureza, bem como por uma cosmovisão univestalista e objetivadora do meio ambiente. Por meio da utilização do método dialético, buscou-se confrontar esse modelo exploratório dela decorrente com os pressupostos do pensamento decolonial e a proposta de superação advinda do emergente constitucionalismo ambiental latino-americano andino. Aprofundou-se, ainda, a discussão da atividade mineira à luz da ecologia política na América Latina, notadamente os contemporâneos desenvolvimentos teóricos da noção de neoextrativismo e o novo papel do Estado no mercado global de commodities. Em seguida, analisaram-se os alicerces epistemológicos dos regimes jurídicos de mineração no Brasil e as propostas de mudança legislativa do Projeto de Lei nº 5.807/2013, da Medida Provisória nº 790/2017 e o Projeto de Lei nº 191/2020. Ao final, depreende-se que o modelo de exploração de recursos minerais no país mantém alinhado a uma dimensão politicamente ultraliberal e mercantizada da natureza, fundada numa racionalidade antinatura.

1993 Spring. ; Includes bibliographic references (pages 101-109). ; Historically, the dominant use of water in Colorado has been irrigation. However, new demand is being driven by urban needs. The amount of unappropriated water available for cities to claim is decreasing. Good dam and reservoir sites are becoming more scarce and costly to develop. Increasingly, the purchase of rural water rights for transfer to urban use is being used to help fulfill the demand. The transfer of rural water to urban use, however, is controversial and has given rise to charges that important effects of water transfers are not given proper consideration in water allocation decision making. The questions that people are raising about the transfer of agricultural water to urban use - economic and social changes in the areas of origin, environmental effects of transfers of water, access to the decision making process - can be described as "livelihood" issues. The public debate highlights the issues that people think are important to water transfer. It does not make clear what is actually known about the relevance and details of these issues, nor is it clear whether these issues are considered by the water courts and to what extent. This study attempts to examine these livelihood issues and find out why they are important to the public and what the research reveals about them. The study also examines water court documents to determine if these issues play a role in water allocation decisions. This study explores the livelihood issues surrounding agricultural-to- municipal transfers of water, examining the economics of such transfers; the social, cultural, and political issues for water importing and exporting areas; the environmental and ecological aspects of water transfers; and the institutions that allocate water in Colorado. The results of a study of water court applications to transfer rural water to cities are reported. The study examines agricultural-to-urban water transfer cases in Colorado Water Divisions 1 and 2 for the years 1977 through 1991. It attempts to develop a picture of such transfers in the two busiest water basins in Colorado, and to identify what information is available about these transfers in the legal system used to allocate water in Colorado, what issues of transfers are addressed by that system, and to identify who participates in the system.

The features of the relations development between the Defense Ministry (DM) of Ukraine and representatives of the defense industry in matters of technical equipping of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and ensuring the stages of the life cycle of armament and military equipment are considered in article. A comprehensive analysis of reforms during the independence of Ukraine, changes in the regulatory base has permitted to identify three stages in the establishment of relations between the DM of Ukraine and defense products producers. Each of the stages has characteristic features and peculiarities of transformations in the transition fromstate forms of government to contractual relations to ensure the processes of technical equipping of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The factor analysis was carried out according to such established qualitative indicators as the state of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the state of the defense-industrial complex, the state of interaction, management of relations, the state of legal regulation by stages. The carried out researches have permitted to form a modern model of its interaction, to study its parameters and characteristics, stages of implementation, to identify the positive aspects and negative factors that affect on effectiveness of relations.Based on the results of the generalization, it was established that the interaction of the DM of Ukraine as a state customer with other participants in the process of technical equipping is implemented through the mechanism of public procurement and does not allow attracting investments to perform work and provide services for the development and maintenance of armament and military equipment. The presence of the identifi ed shortcomings encourages the search, research and implementation of new ways for the development of interaction between the DM of Ukraine and other participants in order to ensure the necessary level of technical equipping in the existing conditions. ; У статті викладені основні результати комплексного аналізу розвитку відносин Міністерства оборони України з представниками оборонної промисловості, результати якого дозволили виявити основні характерні риси та процеси, які відбувались на етапах вітчизняних перетворень при переході від державних форм управління процесами технічного оснащення Збройних Сил України до контрактних відносин.Проведений факторний аналіз дозволив сформовати сучасну модель їх взаємодії, вивчити її параметри і характеристики, виявити негативні фактори, що потребують врегулювання.

Doris Angst and Emma Lantschner (eds.), ICERD. Internationales Übereinkommen zur Beseitigung jeder Form von Rassendiskriminierung. Handkommentar, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2020, 700 pages, ISBN 9783848745951. (Christina Binder, Chair for International Law and International Human Rights Law, Bundeswehr University Munich)
Jochen von Bernstorff and Philipp Dann (eds.), The Battle for International Law: South-North Perspectives on the Decolonization Era, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2020, 496 pages, ISBN 9780198849636. (Sué González Hauck, Postdoctoral Scholar, German Center for Integration and Migration Research (DeZIM), Berlin)
Marija Đorđeska, General Principles of Law Recognized by Civilized Nations (1922 – 2018): The Evolution of the Third Source of International Law through the Jurisprudence of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, Brill/Nijhoff, Leiden 2020, 728 pages, ISBN 9789004375062. (Janina Barkholdt, Associate Legal Officer, International Court of Justice)
Marc Engelhart and Sunčana Roksandić Vidlička (eds.), Dealing with Terrorism: Empirical and Normative Challenges of Fighting the Islamic State, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 296 pages, ISBN 9783428157990. (Malcolm Jorgensen, Non-Resident Fellow, Berlin-Potsdam Research Group, Freie Universität Berlin)
Helene Ruiz Fabri et al. (eds.), International Judicial Legitimacy: New Voices and Approaches, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2020, 300 pages, ISBN 9783848767625. (Steven Wheatley, Professor of International Law, University of Lancaster)
Bardo Fassbender (ed.), Key Documents on the Reform of the UN Security Council 1991 – 2019, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2020, 1444 pages, ISBN 9789004421738. (Bjarke Zinck Winther, Aalborg University)
Muwon Hong, Die Grossraumtheorie von Carl Schmitt im Vergleich mit dem ostasiatischen Völkerrechtsverständnis, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2019, 440 pages, ISBN 9783428158065. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva)
Wolfgang Kahl and Marc-Philippe Weller (eds.), Climate Change Litigation, Beck/Hart/Nomos, München/Oxford/Baden-Baden 2021, 565 pages, ISBN 9783406743894. (Alexander Proelss, Chair in the International Law of the Sea and International Environmental Law, Public International Law, and Public Law, University of Hamburg)
Marjan Peeters and Mariolina Eliantonio (eds.), Research Handbook on EU Environmental Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2021, 524 pages, ISBN 9781788970662. (Christina Voigt, Professor, Department of Public and International Law, University of Oslo)
Emmanuel Roucounas, A Landscape of Contemporary Theories of International Law, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2019, 731 pages, ISBN 9789004385351. (Robert Kolb, Professor of Public International Law, University of Geneva)

The article examines the possibility of restricting the right to freedom of speech in order to protect the national interests of the state. An analysis of normative legal acts prohibiting the dissemination of destructive information, such as calls for a violent change in the constitutional order of Ukraine, the outbreak of aggressive war, incitement to national, racial or religious hatred, etc.
The right to freedom of expression is not absolute and may be limited. The article substantiates the criteria for state intervention in the information sphere, which allow limiting the dissemination of destructive information and preserving democratic values. Such criteria include the legality of the procedure, the legality of the purpose and the minimum amount of intervention.
The article considers the existing mechanisms in Ukraine to respond to harmful informational influences. The law provides for liability for disseminating false information at several levels: civil, administrative and criminal. At the same time, these mechanisms are insufficient, as the concepts of «misinformation», «fake», etc. are not normatively defined. The article describes the state policy to combat destructive information influence. The bases of activity of state bodies created for the purpose of counteraction to dissemination of misinformation and propaganda are considered, namely the Center of counteraction of misinformation at Council of National Security and Defense of Ukraine and the Center of Strategic Communications and Information Security at the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy.
The strategies of the state on counteraction to harmful information influence are analyzed. The Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine is considered, which clarifies the basics of the state information policy in the direction of counteracting the destructive information influence of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the hybrid war unleashed by it. The main provisions of the Information Security Strategy, which defines the general principles of information security, are also considered.
The strategies of the state on counteraction to harmful information influence are analyzed. The Doctrine of Information Security of Ukraine is considered, which clarifies the basics of the state information policy in the direction of counteracting the destructive information influence of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the hybrid war unleashed by it. The main provisions of the Information Security Strategy, which defines the general principles of information security, are also considered.