Votes, money and violence : political parties and elections in Sub-Saharan Africa
Following the (re-)introduction of multiparty systems in Africa in the early 1990s, third and fourth elections in Africa's new democracies and hybrid regimes are now being seen. Although there is a large and growing literature on democracy and elections in Africa, parties and party systems have hitherto not been the focus of research, which may be surprising given their central role in a liberal democracy. The early works from the 1960s and 1970s provide neither a sound conceptual nor empirical basis. Research on political parties and party systems in Africa is still in its infancy. Various contributions in this volume address the theoretical and conceptual challenges provided by the African parties and party systems with their particular features of weak organisation, informal relationships dominated by 'big men' and clientelism within a neopatrimonial setting. Others raise the crucial question of representation in relation to ethnicity, civil society and gender, or look into the empirical relationship between party systems and democracy. Further chapters ask questions about the appropriate electoral system for the multiethnic context in Africa and deal with the problem of electoral system reform. Finally, there are chapters which focus on the neglected area of electoral violence, and the moral role of money and vote buying is scrutinized through a case study. An important conclusion is that party research in Africa needs more conceptual clarity as well as empirical research particularly on party organisation, voting behaviour, and the role of ethnicity. ; CONTENTS -- Introduction: Research on Electoral Systems, Parties and Party Systems in Africa/Gero Erdmann, Matthias Basedau and Andreas Mehler -- Political Parties, Elections and Patronage: Random Thoughts on Neo-Patrimonialism and African Democratization/E. Gyimah-Boadi -- Party Research: Western European Bias and the 'African Labyrinth'/Gero Erdmann -- Political Parties in Africa: Different, Functional and Dynamic? Reflections on Gero Erdmann's 'Party Research: Western Europea Bias and "African Labyrinth"'/Peter Burnell -- Political Parties in Africa and the Representation of Social Groups/Vicky Randall -- Do Party Systems Matter for Democracy? A Comparative Study of 28 Sub-Saharan Countries/Matthias Basedau -- Paths of Electoral Reform in Africa/Christof Hartmann -- Electoral Systems, Party Systems and Ethnicity in Africa/Matthijs Bogaards -- Political Parties and Violence in Africa: Systematic Reflections against Empirical Background/Andreas Mehler -- Insights into Eclectoral Violence in Africa/Liisa Laakso -- Banknotes and Symbolic Capital: Ghana's Elections Under the Fourth Republic/Paul Nugent -- Conclusions: The Research Agenda Ahead/Gero Erdmann, Matthias Basedau and Andreas Mehler
