Suchergebnisse

The working conditions of professional skateboarders are rarely investigated in academic literature or traditional skate media (e.g., Thrasher Magazine). This article contextualizes skateboarding labor and compares its professionals with other freelance contractors in the precarious neoliberal economy. It also explores the role of social media in skateboarders' careers; while experiencing data mining and the fetishism of digital devices like any other online user, pro skaters must adopt platforms (e.g., YouTube) for their career advancement, as greater notoriety leads to corporate sponsorships. I outline the multiple hats that skaters wear, such as the sponsored athlete, the walking advertisement, and most importantly the emerging social-media adept. Within this context, the article further details the coercive forces keeping skaters amenable to sponsoring companies and industry insiders, such as the pejorative label of "kook." Finally, I explain a contradiction that the profusion of Web 2.0 use has led to slight but not proportional coverage of skaters' working conditions.

This study aims to measure the ability of 29 countries in producing competitive products and services that fulfill individual needs and improve the level of welfare with less utilization of natural resources. We build a two-stage network production process model to investigate the ecology efficiency and social welfare efficiency of the countries and then further discriminate the efficient countries in post-analysis. The two-stage network directional distance function is applied to assess the efficiencies of countries, and the network-based ranking approach is used to further discriminate the efficient countries following the panel data between the years 2013 and 2016. Results show that Poland and Spain are strongly referenced by other countries in the ecology stage, whereas Bulgaria, the United States, and Sweden are leaders in the social welfare stage. A remarkable observation is an absence of countries' efficiency in both ecology and social welfare efficiencies. Most of the 29 countries have lower efficiency in the social welfare stage than in the ecology stage. This study suggests the strengths and highlights the weaknesses of the countries to help the governments efficiently improve and operate their countries.

In recent years, the restructuring of the party systems in several European countries was accompanied or preceded by massive waves of anti-austerity protests. Although the causal relation between these mobilizations and the rise of new parties has already been assessed, the organizational features remain understudied. To fill this gap, here we analyse the impact of the cycle of anti-austerity and pro-real democracy protests which emerged in 2011 with the birth and organizational development of the Spanish party Podemos. Bridging two subfields of social and political sciences—movement studies and party studies—we pay particular attention to the dichotomy between horizontality and verticality within Podemos' organization. In particular, we address the issues of social movement effects as well as party foundation and organizational development. Our main findings suggest that movement mobilization played a large role in shaping Podemos' foundational choices, particularly with reference to the fundamental principles of the party and its strategic positioning. Podemos is also experimenting new democratic methods internally. Nonetheless, empirical analysis shows that, overall, the influence of movements' organizational models on the organizational structure of the party has been limited. Yet, the result is a "hybrid" party that finds a balance between the horizontalism of social movements and the efficiency of parties.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى معرفة طلبة كلية العلوم التربوية في جامعة الحسين بن طلال بمضامين بعض المفاهيم والقيم الاجتماعية والسياسية ذات البعد الإنساني، بالإضافة إلى معرفة الفروق في مستوى معرفتهم تبعاً لمتغيرات الجنس (ذكر، أنثى)، والسنة الدراسية (سنة أولی، سنة ثانية، سنة ثالثة، سنة رابعة)، والتفاعل بين الجنس والسنة الدراسية. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (200) طالب وطالبة من طلبة كلية العلوم التربوية في جامعة الحسين بن طلال المسجلين في الفصل الدراسي الأول للعام الجامعي 2014/2013. وقد تم جمع المعلومات من خلال أداة أعدها الباحثان لأغراض الدراسة تكونت من (18) فقرة، وقد قاما بتطبيقها على أفراد عينة الدراسة بعد التحقق من دلالات صدقها وثباتها. وقد بينت النتائج أن مستوى معرفة طلبة كلية العلوم التربوية في جامعة الحسين بن طلال بمضامين بعض المفاهيم والقيم الاجتماعية والسياسية ذات البعد الإنساني متدني، وأنه لا يوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى المعرفة تبعا لمتغيري الجنس، والسنة الدراسية، والتفاعل بينهما. أوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بالقيم والمفاهيم الاجتماعية والسياسية والإنسانية الواردة في هذه الدراسة، سواء في مناهج التعليم المدرسي أو الجامعي، وتطوير أساليب التعليم الجامعي من التلقين إلى الحوار والبحث والتفكير والتساؤل العلمي، والاهتمام بمساق التربية الوطنية في الجامعات، وتدعيمه بهذه المفاهيم والقيم الاجتماعية والسياسية والإنسانية. The study aimed to identify the level of knowledge of the students of the College of Educational Sciences at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University about the contents of some social and political concepts and values with a human dimension, in addition to knowing the differences in the level of their knowledge according to gender variables (male, female), and the school year (first year, second year, third year, fourth year), and the interaction between gender and school year. The study sample consisted of (200) male and female students from the College of Educational Sciences at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University who were registered in the first semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. The information was collected through a tool prepared by the researchers for the purposes of the study, which consisted of (18) paragraphs, and they applied it to the study sample after checking its validity and stability indications. The results showed that the level of knowledge of the students of the College of Educational Sciences at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University about the contents of some social and political concepts and values with a human dimension is low, and that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of knowledge according to the variables of sex, academic year, and the interaction between them. The study recommended paying attention to the social, political and human values and concepts contained in this study, whether in school or university education curricula, and developing university education methods from indoctrination to dialogue, research, thinking and scientific inquiry, and paying attention to the civic education course in universities, and supporting it with these concepts and social, political and human values.

The concept of transformation towards sustainability is currently enjoying flourishing success in environmental science literature and beyond. Evolving at the crossroads of the concept of resilience of ecosystems in ecology and governance of social-ecological systems in social sciences applied to the management of territories and natural resources in the filiation of the ecological economics, this concept attaches fundamental importance to public policies and to collective action in the advent of systemic, integrative and adaptive management of human / environment relations. Described in the literature in a theoretical (normative) way and starting from the observation of concrete cases (empirical), this paradigm shift is supposed to allow to face global change thanks to its transformative virtues and its capacity to face shocks, absorb uncertainty and complexity. An approach that aims to be more proactive and radical than those of adaptation and transition and that would involve reviewing our ways of thinking and doing through a change in representations, values and practices. Consequently, it is advisable to pass this incentive to the change of paradigm, with the sift of social science of politics, by combining them with natural sciences, in order to contribute to the project of a global, critical and constructive ecology making it possible to envisage the trajectories of possibility or impossibility of transformation towards sustainability. The aim of this Habilitation thesis is to present the frameworks of a reflexive and operational approach on the analytical categories which tend to become categories of public intervention with a view to transformation, such as those of governance of social-ecological systems and adaptive management. It thus sets itself the objective of providing keys to diagnosing and influencing the unsustainable trajectories of territories, natural resources and the societies which depend on them, in the context of global change. To do this, it intends to give political space back, by ...

The concept of transformation towards sustainability is currently enjoying flourishing success in environmental science literature and beyond. Evolving at the crossroads of the concept of resilience of ecosystems in ecology and governance of social-ecological systems in social sciences applied to the management of territories and natural resources in the filiation of the ecological economics, this concept attaches fundamental importance to public policies and to collective action in the advent of systemic, integrative and adaptive management of human / environment relations. Described in the literature in a theoretical (normative) way and starting from the observation of concrete cases (empirical), this paradigm shift is supposed to allow to face global change thanks to its transformative virtues and its capacity to face shocks, absorb uncertainty and complexity. An approach that aims to be more proactive and radical than those of adaptation and transition and that would involve reviewing our ways of thinking and doing through a change in representations, values and practices. Consequently, it is advisable to pass this incentive to the change of paradigm, with the sift of social science of politics, by combining them with natural sciences, in order to contribute to the project of a global, critical and constructive ecology making it possible to envisage the trajectories of possibility or impossibility of transformation towards sustainability. The aim of this Habilitation thesis is to present the frameworks of a reflexive and operational approach on the analytical categories which tend to become categories of public intervention with a view to transformation, such as those of governance of social-ecological systems and adaptive management. It thus sets itself the objective of providing keys to diagnosing and influencing the unsustainable trajectories of territories, natural resources and the societies which depend on them, in the context of global change. To do this, it intends to give political space back, by ...

Set against a backdrop of austerity and neoliberal policies affecting many young people adversely, the Nuit Debout protest movement in France began in March 2016 when people gathered in public spaces to oppose the Socialist government's plan to introduce neoliberal labour legislation. Like other post-2008 movements, Nuit Debout was leaderless, non-hierarchical, and relied on social media for political communication and to mobilise participants. The Nuit Debout was also a movement inspired by powerful moral-political emotions such as righteous anger and hope. In this article, the authors address two questions. First, what features of Nuit Debout distinguished it from earlier social movements in France? Second, what role did moral emotions play in mobilising people to act as they did? Drawing on interviews with young protestors and their own testimonies, we argue that Nuit Debout was a distinctive form of protest for France. One distinguishing feature was the way young people—the "precarious generation"—were motivated by a strong sense of situated injustice, much of which related to what they saw as the unfairness of austerity policies, being deprived of a decent future and the feeling they had been betrayed by governments.

Yılmaz, Onurcan (Dogus Author) ; While previous studies reveal mixed findings on the relationship between analytic cognitive style (ACS) and right-wing (conservative) political orientation, the correlation is generally negative. However, most of these studies are based on Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, and it is not clear whether this relationship is a cross-culturally stable phenomenon. In order to test cross-cultural generalizability of this finding, we re-analyzed the data collected by the Many Labs 2 Project from 30 politically diverse societies (N = 7,263). Social conservatism is measured with the binding foundations scale, comprising of loyalty (patriotism), authority (respect for traditions), and sanctity (respect for the sacred), as proposed by the moral foundations theory, while ACS is measured by the three-item modified cognitive reflection task. The level of WEIRDness of each country was calculated by scoring how much a culture is Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. Although social conservatism is negatively associated with ACS in the aggregate, analysis indicates that the relationship is significantly stronger among WEIRD and remains negligible among non-WEIRD cultures. These findings show the cross-cultural variability of this relationship and emphasize the limitations of studying only WEIRD cultures.

El presente artículo tuvo como propósito presentar los resultados de una revisión sistemática que busca caracterizar el desarrollo del emprendimiento de base tecnológica (EBT) y su contribución en la evolución de la perspectiva tecnocientífica de la convergencia de la nanotecnología, la biotecnología, la infotecnología y la cognotecnología (NBIC). El análisis se orientó a partir del uso del algoritmo SAP Tree of Science, encaminado al procesamiento de referencias de los documentos sistematizados. Para ello, se revisó la literatura de sesenta y nueve artículos publicados entre 2000-2021 en la colección principal de Web of Science con los índices Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) y Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). Los documentos más relevantes dieron cuenta de cómo las universidades se convierten en el catalizador entre estudiantes emprendedores, docentes, investigadores e inversionistas que trabajan mancomunadamente en el desarrollo de proyectos de alto valor con elevados niveles de especialización. El punto de encuentro con la convergencia tecnocientífica se observa en la necesidad de equipos de trabajo multidisciplinarios, integración de redes de trabajo colaborativo y financiación en las etapas de su desarrollo. Asimismo, la unión entre ciencia y negocios se acelera en la medida que se disminuye el tiempo entre la innovación y el impacto empresarial. Se concluye que la educación se convierte en la principal estrategia de transferencia de tecnología que conecta a los emprendedores con las tecnologías de la convergencia debido al requerimiento de altos niveles de conocimiento especializado.

On September 15, 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 17 sustainable development goals ("SDGs") as a call to end poverty, care for the environment, guarantee a decent life and protect the fundamental rights of the planet's inhabitants to 2030. The SDGs are a common and obligatory language for most of the States in the world, however, their progress varies in each one. Colombia has been a pioneer in the implementation of strategies for compliance and its origin within the national legal order is found in the 1991 Constitution. However, the progress of the SDGs in Colombia is not entirely satisfactory, and this shows that the challenges persist, and it becomes essential to work on the objectives that have not yet been met. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to assess and test the strength or weakness that has given the level of compliance with the SDGs. A decade before the 2030 Agenda becomes a reality, it is necessary to join forces between state actors and citizens both nationally and internationally, otherwise it will be too late to protect life, the environment and the economy.