Suchergebnisse

Campaign nostalgia is an indicator of frustration and unmet expectations. Its origins trace to an unwillingness on the part of the Party leadership to rely on mass mobilization to check cadre corruption. Under Mao, political campaigns at least occasionally afforded ordinary Chinese opportunities to hold grassroots leaders who transgressed regime norms accountable. Nowadays, some villagers chafe at the lack of such opportunities. They see electoral reforms, potentially beneficial policies (such as limits on peasant burdens), and laws that grant them rights (such as the Administration Litigation Law and the Villagers' Committee Law) ignored or undermined somewhere in the hierarchy. These individuals long for a romanticized version of the rectifications of old and dismiss clean government drives and bureaucratic supervision as feeble replacements for centrally sponsored, direct struggle against wrongdoers. Particularly in places where 'local emperors' lord it over them and anti-corruption efforts sputter without much effect, nostalgic villagers fondly remember the days when work teams swept in and malfeasant cadres shook with fear. Although one may question whether nostalgics have underestimated the downside of mass movements while conjuring up an idyllic era of official probity, it is more difficult to fault their assessment of the current anti-corruption struggle. Compared with those who express unbounded confidence in legal remedies, nostalgics are sober realists. They understand that relying on propaganda and cadre education is a non-starter and that law in China, such as it is, is not the rule of law. They know that many laws and policies are poorly implemented and that, in a pinch, political exigency can trump nearly anything. Nostalgic villagers and like-minded intellectuals have recognized that treating legal punishment, Party discipline, and mass reports as cure-alls is equivalent to acquiescing to a high level of corruption. Will campaign nostalgia wane with time? Perhaps. Where villagers' committee elections are run well and economic growth benefits the majority of villagers, nostalgia will not find a receptive climate in which to grow. Where lodging complaints or filing lawsuits check corruption and the imposition of illicit fees, villagers may gradually build up confidence in rule by law and find mass mobilization unnecessary. As today's nostalgics age, younger generations may find little to recommend in a form of inclusion characteristic of their elders. Even increasing mobility and the growth of a rural middle class may gradually shift the locus of political conflict away from the village.

The article discusses the processes that at the turn of the VI–V centuries B.C. were evolving to give rise to the authentic philosophical tradition in China. The author considers the formation of a community of people who keep themselves within the framework of certain reflective practices as the hallmark of this rise. The evolution set off during the "Iron Age Cold Epoch" that occurred on the planet in the early 1st millennium B.C. The civilizational response to this cool­ing in China was the extensive development of agriculture, which, in turn, led to demographic growth, the enhancement of the socio-political structure of society and the emergence of demand for competent managers. The social base for them turned out to be the lowest nobility – the "officers" shi. Unlike the aristocrats zhuhou at the highest tier of power, the "officers" shi were interested in main­taining the moral status of the "noble person" junzi. The existential space of this status could only be maintained through permanent reflection. The criterion for maintaining one's moral status was not only social behavior in accordance with this status, but also its existential experience, devotion not to external factors, but to an internal idea, responsibility to oneself. The Confucian effort to compre­hend and to pass on those reflective practices became the beginning of Chinese philosophy

This work presents a critical analysis of the unequal consequences that may arise in a multiculturalist state when language is conceptually divorced from the human rights protections afforded to ethnicity and national origin. Drawing on the results of twenty‐three qualitative interviews and a review of publicly available documents, our interpretive policy analysis examines the rationale, process, and impacts surrounding the controversial linguistic communication and policy approach taken by a regulatory body governing practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine in Canada's multiethnic province of Ontario within an English–French bilingual policy environment. Our findings suggest a conceptual foundation for more equitable policy making based on principles of demographics and demand in jurisdictions concurrently characterized by state multiculturalism policies, significant ethnocultural pluralism, and a commitment to the principle of substantive equality.

The thesis is advanced by the author that traditional Chinese values are not impediments to modernization. The unexpected vitality of some of those values, such as familism, displayed in the industrial growth of Hongkong. Popular attitudes towards technological change. An abundant supply of entrepreneurs in Hongkong. The role of paternalistic management. Preferential recruitment of kinsmen in Hongkong factories. (DÜI-Sen)

PR ; IFPRI3; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; ISI ; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Includes bibliographical references (p. [277]-292) and index ; As the first comprehensive study of Chinese fiction of the Cultural Revolution, this pioneering work explores the position of the literature of this turbulent period in the context of contemporary China. The book covers the choice of subject matter, authorship and readership of Cultural Revolution fiction. It analyses the characterization of heroes promoted in the literary and artistic field during this period. By comparing Cultural Revolution fiction with the fiction of the preceding period, with Soviet fiction and with some traditional Chinese and Western fiction, this analysis emphasizes the ideological and cultural significance of the characteristics shown in the heroes' personal background and their physical, temperamental and behavioural qualities etc. The book also contains a comprehensive linguistic study focusing on lexical style. This investigation presents the density and distribution of stylistic items concerning narrators and characters, the general fictional language style, and the relation between the general style and the authors' individual language style ; published_or_final_version ; List of Tables ; Foreword ; Preface ; Introduction p1 ; Conclusion p215 ; Tables p227 ; Notes p249 ; Select Bibliography p277 ; Glossary p311 ; Index p335 ; Pt. I Characterization of the Main Heroes p33 ; Pt. II Lexical Style p121 ; App. 1 The 24 CR Agricultural Novels p291 ; App. 2 Annotated Bibliography of Novels of the Cultural Revolution p293 ; 1 Personal Background p39 ; 2 Physical Qualities p49 ; 3 Ideological Qualities p61 ; 4 Temperamental and Behavioural Qualities p75 ; 5 Prominence Given to the Main Heroes p97 ; 6 Vulgar Expressions p129 ; 7 Ideological Expressions p147 ; 8 Idioms, Proverbs, Xiehouyu, and Classical Verses p165 ; 9 'Bookish' and 'Colloquial' p181 ; 10 Dialectal Expressions p187 ; 11 Military Words and Expressions p193 ; 12 Meteorological Vocabulary and Inflated Expressions p203 ; 13 The Vocabulary Style in General Perspective p211

The volume is based on papers presented at a workshop on the green transport agenda and its implications for Chinese cities, organised by the World Conference on Transport Research Society in September 2010. The five sections of this volume review the challenges facing urban transport internationally and in China. It considers approaches to policy formulation, the challenge of urban mobility and the development of green sustainable transportation, by reviewing best practice in objective setting, strategy analysis and policy selection, and comparing these with current practice in China. The authors examine passenger transport, and consider a number of current policy interventions in China and compare these with western experience with demand management and new vehicle technologies. Topics include 5D land-use transport model for a high density, rapidly growing city and Contextual requirements for electric vehicles in developed and developing countries. Finally freight and logistics is addressed, including the role of freight villages and milk run strategies, and challenges and policy recommendations for road freight in Shanghai.