Suchergebnisse

Theories of decision-making grounded in political psychology have experienced a dramatic rise in the study of International Relations. There is widespread recognition of the benefits of incorporating insights from the behavioural sciences into analyses of political behaviour. However, some scholars have argued that the theoretical and empirical scope of these perspectives remains hampered by an unresolved issue: aggregation. While the fundamental unit of interest in psychology is the individual, most International Relations models concern patterns of collective decision-making in aggregate units such as states, bureaucracies, armed groups, transnational networks and institutions. This article contributes to the aggregation debate by providing a more optimistic portrait of its implications for interdisciplinary work. I argue that aggregation may be an overstated problem in International Relations and that a disciplinary preoccupation with it may hinder rather than pave the way for interdisciplinary theorizing.

Examines how domestic politics shapes foreign policy and how international crisis outcomes affect domestic political survival; uses a potential war scenario.

In this paper, the author deals with: (1) Definition of government; incentive structure under government: taxation, war and territorial expansion. (2) Origin of money; government and money; the devolution of money from commodity to fiat money. (3) International politics and monetary regimes; monetary imperialism and the drive toward a one-world central bank and fiat currency.

The field of international studies is a diverse one; unfortunately, its central planning is usually tied to the search for financial support, so that many questions of internal organization & purpose are not addressed. Some of these are discussed, including questions relating to specialist centers, undergraduate general education, secondary & primary schools, & service to business clienteles. Modified HA.

"In einer unipolaren Weltordnung stellt unilaterale Politik der dominierenden Großmacht eine besondere Versuchung dar, die das internationale System prägen kann. Beispiele, wie die US-Politik ihre dominante unilaterale Position nutzt, sind der Internationale Strafgerichtshof, das Kyoto-Protokoll oder der Kontext des Irak-Krieges. Die amerikanische Politik hat Kernbereiche der Vereinten Nationen und das Völkerrecht erkennbar geschwächt und stellt eines der Schlüsselprobleme der internationalen Beziehungen dar. Bei der Politik der Bush-Administration handelt es sich nicht um einen Bruch zwischen Uni- und Multilateralismus, sondern um eine Akzentverschiebung. So können multilaterale Mechanismen beispielsweise selektiv und punktuell angewandt oder in den Dienst unilateraler Politikziele gestellt werden. Eine Differenzierung der US-amerikanischen Politik bezüglich ihrer uni- und multilateralen Politikelemente und ihrer Intentionen ist der Schlüssel zu ihrem Verständnis." (Autorenreferat)

Global justice and international affairs is perhaps the hottest topic in political philosophy today. This book brings together some of the most important essays in this area. Topics include sovereignty and self-determination, cosmopolitanism and nationalism, global poverty and international distributive justice, and war and terrorism.

"This book presents the principles and design of international taxation of trust income and distributions as a coherent subject of international tax law. It begins with the trust tax rules and international settings of four countries -- Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States -- focusing on the attribution of trust income to the grantor/settlor, the beneficiary or the trust entity, trust residence, and the taxation of trust distributions. Having identified the international taxing principles that those countries apply to trusts, it infers a range of principles and settings that may be applied by countries generally and examines how the interaction of those settings may lead to double- or non-taxation overall. Consideration is given to conflicts of attribution, hybridity and fiscally homeless trusts. The book examines the interaction of tax laws in non-treaty and treaty situations and puts these interactions in context as part of the broader international tax order and recommendations of the OECD/G20 BEPS project. It proposes an approach to tax design based on an ordered overview of different taxing claims and the interests which they represent, respect for the fiscal sovereignty of countries concerned, and recognition of the differing roles of national laws and tax treaties."