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Abstract
Although digital assistants with humanlike features have become prevalent in computer games, few marketing studies have demonstrated the psychological mechanisms underlying consumers' reactions to digital assistants and their subsequent influence on consumers' game enjoyment. To fill this gap, the current study examined the effect of anthropomorphic representations of computerized helpers in computer games on game enjoyment. In the current research, consumers enjoyed a computer game less when they received assistance from a computerized helper imbued with humanlike features than from a helper construed as a mindless entity. We offer a novel mechanism that the presence of an anthropomorphized helper can undermine individuals' perceived autonomy during a computer game. Across six experiments, we show that the presence of an anthropomorphized helper reduced game enjoyment across three different games. By measuring participants' perceived autonomy (study 1) and employing moderators such as importance of autonomy (studies 2, 3, and 4), we also provide evidence that the reduced feeling of autonomy serves as the mechanism underlying the backfiring effect. Finally, we demonstrate that the effect of anthropomorphism on game enjoyment can be extended to other game-related outcomes, such as individuals' motivation to persist in the game (studies 4 and 5).

Die Demoszene ist ein Netzwerk von Computer-Enthusiasten, das bereits lange vor den Strukturen heutiger Internet-Communities existierte. Im Mittelpunkt dieser kreativen Subkultur stehen die Produktion und der Austausch audiovisueller Präsentationen, sogenannter "Demos", wobei es sich nicht um digital erstellte Filme, sondern um Programme handelt, die auf handelsüblichen PCs oder aber auch auf antiquierten Homecomputern in Echtzeit ausgeführt werden. Das erste deutschsprachige Buch zu diesem Thema gibt einen Einblick in die Motivationen, Produktionsweisen und "Spielregeln" der Demoszene, die den schnelllebigen Computer als künstlerisches Material entdeckte.

Part 1: Invited Paper ; International audience ; The computer security community has traditionally regarded security as a "hard" property that can be modelled and formally proven under certain simplifying assumptions. Traditional security technologies assume that computer users are either malicious, e.g. hackers or spies, or benevolent, competent and well informed about the security policies. Over the past two decades, however, computing has proliferated into all aspects of modern society and the spread of malicious software (malware) like worms, viruses and botnets have become an increasing threat. This development indicates a failure in some of the fundamental assumptions that underpin existing computer security technologies and that a new view of computer security is long overdue.In this paper, we examine traditionalmodels, policies and mechanisms of computer security in order to identify areas where the fundamental assumptions may fail. In particular, we identify areas where the "hard" security properties are based on trust in the different agents in the system and certain external agents who enforce the legislative and contractual frameworks.Trust is generally considered a "soft" security property, so building a "hard" security mechanism on trust will at most give a spongy result, unless the underlying trust assumptions are made first class citizens of the security model. In most of the work in computer security, trust assumptions are implicit and they will surely fail when the environment of the systems change, e.g. when systems are used on a global scale on the Internet. We argue that making such assumptions about trust explicit is an essential requirement for the future of system security and argue why the formalisation of computational trust is necessary when we wish to reason about system security

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During the 1980s and into this decade, U.S. businesses poured billions of dollars into computers and other information technology. Yet the productivity performance of the U.S. economy in the 1980s remained lackluster--especially in the service sector--leading many observers to suspect that companies were not getting their money's worth from these high-tech investments. At the same time, academic research found little evidence of a productivity payoff. But have the tables now turned? With an apparent improvement in productivity in recent years, much academic and popular opinion now suggests that the payback is at hand or just around the corner. As the nation embarks on a major effort to develop an Information Superhighway, it is critical for policymakers, opinion leaders, and others to understand the contribution and role of information technology in the economy during recent decades. This book provides a straightforward guide to the economic issues underlying the debates about these issues, using quantitative and historical analysis, supplemented with interviews of small and large service-sector companies. To set the stage, Daniel Sichel reviews the debates over the role of computers and summarizes the essential facts about computer use, with a particular emphasis on software. Going beyond basic facts, Sichel describes an economic framework for assessing the aggregate economic impact of computers in recent decades and for looking ahead at this impact in the future. Quantitative estimates from this framework, along with supporting historical and interview evidence, place limits on the contribution of computers to the overall economy. When compared to the size of the slowdown in productivity growth in the early 1970s, the overall impact of computers appears relatively modest, in part because the share of computers in the nation's capital stock is

Die vorliegende Dokumentation der Fachtagung "Maedchen - Jungen und Computer" stellt in ihren Beitraegen die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Spannungsverhaeltnis zwischen der Eigendynamik technischer Innovationen und ihrer gesellschaftlichen Bewertung dar, wie es sich auch in den unterschiedlichen Zugangsweisen von Jungen und Maedchen zu den neuen Technologien niederschlaegt. Inhalt: Schiersmann, Christiane: Geschlechtstypische Unterschiede beim Zugang zum Computer. Problemstellung und Stand der Forschung. - Fauser, Richard: Neue empirische Untersuchungen ueber geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Interesse am Computer. Voraussetzungen und Folgen. - Sander, Wolfgang: Maedchen - Jungen und Computer. Perspektiven der didaktischen Konzeptbildung fuer adressatenspezifische Computerkurse. - Altermann- Koester, Marita: Maedchen und Neue Technologien. - Wanke, Ilona: NRW- Modellversuch "Maedchen und Neue Technologien". - Klimek, Alfred/Sander, Wolfgang/Trossehl, Annette/Wermelt, Anke: Modellversuch "Maedchen und Computer". Konzeption und erste Ergebnisse. - Dathe, Doris Renate/Reineke, Vera: Erfahrungen und Ergebnisse aus dem niedersaechsischen Modellversuch "Maedchen und neue Technologien". - Janzen, Doerte/Schuetz, Ute: Modellhaftes Interventionsprogramm zur Steigerung des Maedchenanteils bei dem Bundeswettbewerb Informatik (MIMIK). - Faulstich-Wieland, Hannelore: Maedchenbildung und neue Technologien. Das hessische Entwicklungs- und Forschungsprojekt. - Niederdrenk-Felgner, Cornelia: Darstellung des Projekts Maedchen und Computer. Modelle fuer eine maedchengerechtere Unterrichtsgestaltung. - Schulz-Zander, Renate/Schwarz, Annette/Wehrmann, Kerstin: Wenn meine Lebendigkeit gefragt ist,... - ein kreatives Computerprojekt fuer Maedchen. - Theunert, Helga/Schorb, Bernd: Zur paedagogischen Arbeit mit Computern. Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen aus einem Forschungsprojekt. - Ellebrecht, Ingrid: EDV-Weiterbildung in gesellschaftspolitischer Verantwortung. - Wienholz, Margrit: Maedchen- Computer-Treff. - Programm der Fachtagung. (PHF/uebern.)