Suchergebnisse

What types of fears does immigration trigger in individuals and how do these fears differ across partisan lines? Prior research explores this question indirectly by linking immigration attitudes to respondents' demographics or to different threat frames. This research note offers a more direct test by designing a randomized experiment on a nationally representative sample of US citizens. I provide one half of the respondents with neutral information about immigration, while the other half serves as the control group. I find that respondents for whom the immigration issue is made salient (i.e. the treatment group) are more fearful of both their personal as well as national economic situation and about crime in their community than respondents in the control group. I further find that the overall effects are mainly driven by those respondents who self-identify as Republicans.

Utilizing multiple perspectives of related academic disciplines, this three-volume set of contributed essays enables readers to understand the complexity of immigration to the United States and grasp how our history of immigration has made this nation what it is today

This article is an analysis of the current immigration policy in Australia from the perspective of critical social work. The analysis is based on the outcomes of the immigration applications of three families of children with disabilities. It is argued that, as seen in the experience of the three families, Australian immigration policy is markedly underpinned by ableism and economic rationalism, rendering the assessment process to determine immigration eligibility patently discriminatory against people with disabilities and their families. Such discriminatory practice is seen as a challenge for social work practice.

In the context of the evidence presented in both the collected scholarship under review and other select works, this article asks if and to what extent migration-related issues have been securitized in Europe and the United States. In addressing these questions it executes three tasks. First, it critically assesses the four major dimensions across which contemporary immigration purportedly is securitized: on one side, rhetorically addressing immigration-related issues through political elite discourse, public opinion, and the mass media; and on the other, the policy processes through which immigration is securitized. Second, this article identifies the strengths and weaknesses of securitization theory as it has been applied to immigration. Finally, it draws mostly negative conclusions about the veracity of the central claims of the securitization of immigration literature and, specifically, its causal story.

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of immigration and immigration amnesties on the shadow economy. We make use of an array of Italian immigration data and original shadow economy estimates for the years 1996–2006, comprising a panel of local‐level aggregate statistical information, and a microlevel survey of representative households. We find a robust and positive relationship between the presence of immigrants and the unobserved economic activity at the local level. Nevertheless, the impact of immigration on the Italian unofficial economy is relatively small in magnitude. We also exploit the discontinuity created by the implementation of the 2002 immigration amnesty, which increased the stock of documented migrants by almost 50%. According to our results, the Italian 2002 immigration policy only slightly weakens the link between immigration and the extent of the unobserved economic activity.

SummaryThis research focuses on the impact of immigration on entrepreneurship. I find clear evidence that immigration has a significant impact on entrepreneurship. The paper makes three important contributions to the research of both immigration and entrepreneurship. First, it proposes unique empirical evidence using a cross‐section analysis in which the country's level of immigrants has a significantly positive affect on its level of entrepreneurship. Second, it adds to the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms and environments that characterize positive immigration effects on entrepreneurship. I suggest that country‐specific characteristics – in particular urban, open, competitive and culturally diversified (including open minded for ethnic and gender diversity) – influence significantly the positive effect of immigrants on the country's level of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, these positive effects are magnified as the flow of immigrants grows. Third, it uses for the first time in the literature a cross‐section data set of 176 countries of immigrants and entrepreneurial activity.

Although immigration policy has traditionally been considered a realm of exclusive central government authority, recent trends evidence a greater role for federal units in the area. This article summarises and evaluates those trends as they relate to immigrant rights, immigration enforcement, and immigration benefits under three basic models of federal governance: central government hegemony, cooperative federalism, and devolutionary federalism. The article concludes that affording increased discretion to subnational authorities over immigrant and immigration policy will ultimately work to the net benefit of immigrants, and that even while complete devolution remains impracticable cooperative federalism has emerged a desirable approach in the area.

Im Working Paper 62 werden die unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen an die Gewinnung von ausländischen Fachkräften von acht OECD-Ländern (Deutschland, das Vereinigte Königreich, die Vereinigten Staaten, Kanada, Schweden, die Niederlande, Norwegen und Japan) verglichen. Dabei werden sowohl aufenthaltsrechtliche als auch arbeitsmarktpolitische Besonderheiten der einzelnen Länder analysiert. Unter ihnen sind solche mit einer etablierten Tradition als Zu- bzw. Einwanderungsländer, wie die USA und Kanada, aber auch solche wie Japan, die lange auf der Abschottung ihres nationalen Arbeitsmarktes bestanden haben. Bezüglich der Fachkräftesicherung verfolgen alle Länder unterschiedliche Strategien, die mit der jeweiligen historischen Entwicklung der Migration zusammenhängen.

Immigration and Discrimination explores what bases states are morally permitted to use for their admission decisions and policies, and why. Sahar Akhtar argues that the idea of wrongful discrimination can be applied to states' admission decisions, and what this means in terms of states' rights with regard to immigration.

Contents: Preface -- 1. A perfect storm -- 2. The welfare state in transition -- 3. The labor market in transition -- 4. Digitalization changing the economy and the labor market -- 5. Fiscal pressures from digitalization and immigration -- 6. Immigration, inequality and skills in the digital economy -- 7. Future challenges for the welfare state -- Index.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Immigration and Crime: An Introduction to the Handbook -- Part I Historical Perspectives on Immigration and Crime -- 1 On the History of Immigration and Crime -- 2 Aliens Addicting Us: A Historical Perspective of Immigration and Drug Control Policy -- Part II Theoretical Perspectives on Immigration and Crime -- 3 The Classical Assimilation Model: A Controversial Canon -- 4 Segmented Assimilation and Crime: Rethinking the Relationship Between Assimilation and Crime -- 5 Theoretical Perspectives on the Immigration-Crime Relationship -- Part III Empirical Research on Immigration and Crime -- 6 Immigration and Crime Rates: Lasting Trends and New Understandings -- 7 Immigration and Gangs -- 8 Immigrants as Victims -- 9 Immigrant Generation Differences in Crime and Violence: Disentangling Myth and Perception from Empirical Reality -- 10 Latino Immigration and Crime -- 11 Crime and Delinquency Among Asian Immigrants in the United States -- 12 An Assessment of Afro-Caribbean Immigrant Groups and Crime -- 13 Eastern European Immigration and Crime -- Part IV Current Issues in Immigration and Crime -- 14 Two Decades of Constructing Immigrants as Criminals -- 15 Immigration and Terrorism -- 16 Immigration Within the Contemporary Political Discourse -- 17 Policing and Punishing Illegality in the United States -- 18 Immigrants in the Federal Court System -- 19 With Mass Deportation Comes Mass Punishment: Punitive Capacity, Health, and Standards in U.S. Immigrant Detention -- 20 "Sanctuary Cities" and Crime -- Acknowledgments -- Index