Suchergebnisse

The United Nations (UN) and the African Union (AU) have collaborated in building a viable African Peace and Security Architecture and have worked together in a number of armed conflicts over the past decade. Examples include the peace operations in Burundi and Somalia, and the hybrid peace operation in Sudan's Darfur region which is perhaps the most prominent illustration of this collaboration. Although the UN Security Council authorized the intervention in Libya, which was approved by leading regional organizations (the Arab League, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the Gulf Cooperation Council), it was opposed initially by the AU although the three African states in the Security Council voted for it. Relations cooled as a result and have grown colder still as the UN snubbed the AU and its initial efforts to engage in post-conflict stabilization in Mali. While the AU sought to prove itself as a capable security provider and partner on the continent with its operation AFISMA, France's Opération Serval and the UN's peace operation for Mali, MINUSMA, bypassed the African Union. This article explores the underlying fault-lines between the two organizations by examining interactions between the UN and AU since the latter's launch in 2002, but focusing on the Mali case. The fault-lines emerging from the analysis are different capabilities, risk-averse vs risk-assuming approaches to casualties, diverging geopolitics and leadership rivalry. (International Affairs (Oxford) / SWP)

Neste artigo, discutiremos o processo que levou ao encerramento da MINUSMA, operação de paz de estabilização realizada pela ONU no Mali entre 2013 e 2023, e faremos uma breve análise conjuntural desse momento de retirada, considerando seus desdobramentos tanto em relação à situação política no país, quanto aos abusos e violações de direitos humanos sofridos pela população civil, tendo em vista que a estabilidade e a proteção de civis estavam entre os principais objetivos da missão quando foi desdobrada. Metodologicamente, o trabalho se baseia na análise qualitativa de dados sobre o desempenho da MINUSMA no Mali ao longo de seu mandato, e sobre a situação política no país hoje, com foco na ocorrência de episódios violentos e fatalidades, em possíveis avanços relacionados ao processo político de resolução do conflito e à proteção de civis. As principais fontes utilizadas foram documentos e relatórios da própria ONU, de organizações não-governamentais e institutos de pesquisa sobre o Mali, de forma geral, e sobre as atividades e o processo de retirada da MINUSMA, especificamente.

Eine Gesetzes- und Vorschriftensammlung der Finanzen, die in iranischen Ministerien und staatlichen und privaten Betrieben ausgeführt werden. (DOI-Fis)

The effects of the intra-African and European deportation regimes brought about since the European Union's externalization of its migration and development policy by transferring it to countries of sub-Saharan Africa remain largely understudied - especially their effects on people's everyday life after forced returns. Based on extensive field research, Susanne U. Schultz's book analyses the supposedly "failed" migration of Malian men, the social situations in which they find themselves following deportation, and the implications of their "failure" for their social environment and broader society. This important ethnographic study creates empirical knowledge on key issues in migration research, policy, and practice in the context of a charged debate.

Music piracy, or the unauthorized commercial reproduction of musical works, evokes a strong negative sentiment in the Malian public sphere. Yet, its routine place in the culture economy makes it an ambivalent category for many, who regularly consume, and even produce, pirated media. For musical artists, however, the subject of piracy is anything but ambivalent. In perceived mercantile exploitations of creative labor and persistent state failures to regulate economic informality, artists experience a crisis of professional status and identity. In this essay, I suggest that artists' concerns about piracy have more to do with their position as political subjects than they do with lost revenues or infringed rights. My argument is that concerns surrounding the economics and legality of music piracy are symptomatic of a broader crisis of political subjectivity and that "piracy" as such is epiphenomenal to a fragmentation of state-subject relations in the political society of neoliberal polities.