Suchergebnisse

The article presents the influence of Austria's energy interests and its cooperation in this area with Russia on foreign policy in the context of Russian aggression against Ukraine. The importance of the energy factor for the implementation of the anti-Russian sanctions policy of the US and the EU, of which Austria is a member, is also analyzed. A striking example of the impact of Austria's economic cooperation with Russia was the Nord Stream-2 project. It has been proved that economic pragmatism and the desire to become an influential participant in the European energy market have become the basis for Austria's political and diplomatic maneuvering. The facts in the article indicate the ambiguity of Austria's political position regarding anti-Russian sanctions during the OSCE chairmanship. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that the inconsistency of the position regarding Russia's aggression against Ukraine contributes to minimizing economic losses by reducing the international image of Austria as a neutral state. ; У статті представлено вплив ененергетичних інтерсів Австрії та її співпраці у цій сфері з Росією на зовнюшню політику у контексті російської агресії проти України. Проаналізовано також значення енергетичного фактору для реалізації антиросійської санкційної політики США та ЄС, членом якого є Австрія. Яскравим прикладом впливовості економічної співпрації Австрії з Росією став проект «Nord Stream – 2». Доведено, що економічний прагматизм та прагнення стати впливовим учасником на європейському енергетичному ринку стали підставою для політико-дипломатичного маневрування Австрії. Наведені у статті факти свідчать про двозначність політичної позиції Австрії щодо антиросійських санкцій під час головування в ОБСЄ. На основі аналізу зроблено висновок, що непослідовність позиції щодо агресії Росії проти України сприяє мінімізації економічних збитків за рахунок погіршення міжнародного іміджу Австрії як нейтральної держави.

The paper defines status and development trends in the Chilean economy as a subject of the world economy, the place of the country in the world economic system and integration of Chile into the world economy. Recently the political cooperation between Ukraine and Chile has been supplemented by the economic one. Both states are interested in cooperation in different spheres of the economic activity. The paper reveals the prospects for the development of foreign trade of Chile, as well as determines the effectiveness of the Ukrainian-Chilean economic cooperation.The study gives foreign trade development prospects of Ukrainian-Chilean economic relations. The author offers methods how to develop Ukrainian-Chilean economic relations ; Статья посвящена определению статуса и тенденций развития в чилийской экономике как субъекта мировой экономики, месту страны в мировой экономической системе и интеграции Чили в мировую экономику. В последнее время политическое сотрудничество между Украиной и Чили дополняется экономическим. Оба государства заинтересованы в сотрудничестве в разных сферах экономической деятельности. Целью статьи является исследование перспектив развития внешней торговли Чили, а так же определение эффективности украино-чилийского экономического сотрудничества. В исследовании определены перспективы развития внешней торговли Чили и перспективы украинско-чилийских экономических отношений. Автор предлагает пути развития украинско-чилийских экономических отношений ; Стаття присвячена визначенню статусу і тенденцій розвитку в чилійській економіці як суб'єкта світової економіки, місця країни в світовій економічній системі та інтеграції Чилі в світову економіку. Останнім часом політичне співробітництво між Україною та Чилі доповнюється економічним. Обидві країни зацікавленні в співпраці в різних сферах економічної діяльності. Метою статті є дослідження перспектив розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі Чилі, а так само визначення ефективності українсько-чілійського економічного співробітництва.У дослідженні визначено перспективи розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі Чилі та перспективи українсько-чилійських економічних відносин. Автор пропонує шляхи розвитку українсько-чилійських економічних відносин

The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351765633, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. In the 21st century, Norway, Denmark and Sweden remain the icons of fair societies, with high economic productivity and quality of life. But they are also an enigma in a cultural-evolutionary sense: though by no means following the same socio-economic formula, they are all cases of a "non-hubristic", socially sustainable modernity that puzzles outside observers. Using Nordic welfare states as its laboratory, Sustainable Modernity combines evolutionary and socio-cultural perspectives to illuminate the mainsprings of what the authors call the "well-being society". The main contention is that the Nordic uniqueness is not merely the outcome of one particular set of historical institutional or political arrangements, or sheer historical luck; rather, the high welfare creation inherent in the Nordic model has been predicated on a long and durable tradition of social cooperation, which has interacted with global competitive forces. Hence the socially sustainable Nordic modernity should be approached as an integrated and tightly orchestrated ecosystem based on a complex interplay of cooperative and competitive strategies within and across several domains: normative-cultural, socio-political and redistributive. The key question is: Can the Nordic countries uphold the balance of competition and cooperation and reproduce their resilience in the age of globalization, cultural collisions, the digital economy, the fragmentation of the work/life division, and often intrusive EU regulation?With contributors providing insights from the humanities, the social sciences and evolutionary science, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, sociology, history, institutional economics, Nordic studies and human evolution studies.

В статье рассматриваются современные тенденции понимания проблемы подготовки военных кадров в условиях модернизации образования. Обозначена практическая значимость применения программы по подготовке военных кадров к межличностному взаимодействию служащих.Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной образовательной политике государства по подготовке офицеров в военных образовательных учреждениях профессионального образования, в частности возможности применения современных педагогических технологий в образовательном процессе, в том числе при подготовке военнослужащих к межличностному взаимодействию в ходе образовательного процесса.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют сравнительный анализ и синтез, принцип объективности.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор анализирует сущность понятия межличностного взаимодействия раскрытого как российскими, так и зарубежными педагогами и психологами. Делает акцент на системно-деятельностном подходе, предлагая его реализовать в рамках военного образовательного учреждения профессионального образования путём выполнения различного рода программ по подготовке военнослужащих, которые имеют социальную и практическую значимость.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере военного и психолого-педагогического образования. ; Modern tendencies of understanding the problem of military personnel preparation in educational modernization are considered in this article. The practical meaning of applying the preparation program for interpersonal cooperation is claimed.Purpose. The article is devoted to actual educational state policy and focused on applying modern pedagogical technologies in educational process including military servicemen preparation for interpersonal cooperation in education.Methodology. The research is based on comparative analysis, synthesis and objectivity.Results. The author analyses the essence of the concept of interpersonal co-operation exposed by both Russian and foreign scholars and psychologists, emphasizes systematic approach and suggests realizing it in an educational organization by making servicemen preparation programs that have social and practical value.Practical implications. Research results can be applied in the field of military and psychological and pedagogical education.

The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351765633, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. In the 21st century, Norway, Denmark and Sweden remain the icons of fair societies, with high economic productivity and quality of life. But they are also an enigma in a cultural-evolutionary sense: though by no means following the same socio-economic formula, they are all cases of a "non-hubristic", socially sustainable modernity that puzzles outside observers. Using Nordic welfare states as its laboratory, Sustainable Modernity combines evolutionary and socio-cultural perspectives to illuminate the mainsprings of what the authors call the "well-being society". The main contention is that the Nordic uniqueness is not merely the outcome of one particular set of historical institutional or political arrangements, or sheer historical luck; rather, the high welfare creation inherent in the Nordic model has been predicated on a long and durable tradition of social cooperation, which has interacted with global competitive forces. Hence the socially sustainable Nordic modernity should be approached as an integrated and tightly orchestrated ecosystem based on a complex interplay of cooperative and competitive strategies within and across several domains: normative-cultural, socio-political and redistributive. The key question is: Can the Nordic countries uphold the balance of competition and cooperation and reproduce their resilience in the age of globalization, cultural collisions, the digital economy, the fragmentation of the work/life division, and often intrusive EU regulation? With contributors providing insights from the humanities, the social sciences and evolutionary science, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars of political science, sociology, history, institutional economics, Nordic studies and human evolution studies.

The article is dedicated to the functional specifics of the Ukrainian-Polish border since Ukraine has declared its independence until the ratification of the European Union Association Agreement for Ukraine. In the context of the European Union – Ukraine relations and cooperation there were dynamic periods with different functional correlation of the Ukrainian-Polish border, which is emphasized in the article. After Ukraine declared independence its border with Poland became more transparent with the filtration function as dominant. The Ukrainian-Polish border was opened for bilateral movement of people and goods. After Poland obtained the European Union membership its border with Ukraine became the eastern security border of the European Union. Its barrier function with necessary visa for Ukrainian citizens to cross the border brought more complicacy into Ukrainian-Polish cooperation. After the European Union Association Agreement for Ukraine was signed and the visa regime was cancelled the contact function of the Ukrainian-Polish border has become apparent.Key words: Ukrainian-Polish border; state border functions; European integration. ; Розглянуто особливості функціонування українсько-польського кордону від проголошення незалежності України до ратифікації Угоди про асоціацію з ЄС. Визначено періоди, упродовж яких спостерігалася різна динаміка та співвідношення функцій українсько-польського кордону в контексті розвитку відносин, партнерства і співробітництва України з ЄС. У період спрощеного перетину державного кордону (1991–2003) домінуючою була його фільтраційна функція. Після вступу Польщі до ЄС розпочався період східного кордону Європейського Союзу (2004–2017). Посилилась бар'єрна функція кордону. Після підписання Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС, запровадження між ними безвізового режиму 11 червня 2017 р. розпочався сучасний період функціонування українсько-польського кордону, зросла роль його контактної функції.Ключові слова: українсько-польський кордон; функції державного кордону; європейська інтеграція.

International audience ; Abstract: Analysing the protection and conservation of the marine environment implies the clear definition of both terms. Actually, in international instruments as well as in diplomatic negotiation rounds leading the pace of geopolitical activities, they are far from being simple synonyms. On the one hand, there is a "preservationist" approach to nature, and on the other hand an "eco-centred" approach, i.e. the conservationist one, refocusing the debate on environmental negotiations.To this philosophic difference, a political element is added, namely the active cooperation between the Parties and the outcome of either an international or regional legal document. The present study proceeds towards the analysis of the legal framework of the protection and conservation of the marine environment, considering how the different international and regional texts focused and still keep focusing on the protection, the conservation and the cooperation of states aiming at a better management of the marine environment. Then, one must examine the obligation to prevent being at the same time cause and consequence of this international normative evolution. ; Résumé : Analyser la protection et la conservation de l'environnement marin suppose de clairement définir chacun de ces termes. En effet, bien qu'indifféremment évoqués dans les instruments internationaux ou lors des rondes de négociations diplomatiques menant le rythme des activités géopolitiques, les notions de protection et de conservation de l'environnement ne recouvrent pas les mêmes objectifs. L'une tendra vers une approche plus « préservationniste » de la nature ; tandis que l'autre explore une dimension « éco-centrée », ou « conservationniste », recentrant l'issue recherchée aux négociations en matière environnementale. À cette différence de philosophie s'ajoute un élément politique : à savoir la coopération active entre les Parties et la force du document juridique international ou régional résultant des négociations.La présente étude ...

Studie je věnována postoji Velké Británie k procesu evropské integrace v letech 1945–1951, především pak analýze faktorů, které britský vztah k poválečným snahám o ekonomickou spolupráci zemí západní Evropy ovlivňovaly, a důvodů, které k britské neochotě stát se jedním ze zakládajících členů Evropského společenství uhlí a oceli vedly. Cílem je upozornit na skutečnost, že britský postoj k procesu ekonomické integrace západní Evropy nebyl odmítavý a britské rozhodnutí nezapojit se do užších forem ekonomické integrace omezujících národní rozhodovací pravomoci nebylo rozhodnutím vyplývajícím primárně z nedůvěry v budoucnost západoevropské ekonomické spolupráce ani z neochoty přijmout změnu mezinárodního postavení způsobenou novým poválečným uspořádáním. Na základě analýzy poválečného ekonomického vývoje ostrovního státu výsledky výzkumu ukazují, že důvody britského odmítnutí byly především ekonomického charakteru. ; The study deals with the British attitude to economic integration of Western Europe in the years of 1945–1951; especially with the analysis of factors which were shaping British relationship to postwar efforts to economic cooperation in Western Europe and with the analysis of reasons that led to the British reluctance to become one of the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community. The aim is to point to the fact that the British attitude to economic integration was not negative and British decision not being involved to closer forms of economic cooperation limiting national decision-making powers was not decision arising primarily from a distrust of process of economic integration in Western Europe nor from the unwillingness to accept the change of British international status in post-war World. Research conducted by the analysis of British economic development in the years 1945–1951proves that the reasons for the British refusal were primarily economic in nature.

The paper defines status and development trends in the Chilean economy as a subject of the world economy, the place of the country in the world economic system and integration of Chile into the world economy. Recently the political cooperation between Ukraine and Chile has been supplemented by the economic one. Both states are interested in cooperation in different spheres of the economic activity. The paper reveals the prospects for the development of foreign trade of Chile, as well as determines the effectiveness of the Ukrainian-Chilean economic cooperation.The study gives foreign trade development prospects of Ukrainian-Chilean economic relations. The author offers methods how to develop Ukrainian-Chilean economic relations ; Статья посвящена определению статуса и тенденций развития в чилийской экономике как субъекта мировой экономики, месту страны в мировой экономической системе и интеграции Чили в мировую экономику. В последнее время политическое сотрудничество между Украиной и Чили дополняется экономическим. Оба государства заинтересованы в сотрудничестве в разных сферах экономической деятельности. Целью статьи является исследование перспектив развития внешней торговли Чили, а так же определение эффективности украино-чилийского экономического сотрудничества. В исследовании определены перспективы развития внешней торговли Чили и перспективы украинско-чилийских экономических отношений. Автор предлагает пути развития украинско-чилийских экономических отношений ; Стаття присвячена визначенню статусу і тенденцій розвитку в чилійській економіці як суб'єкта світової економіки, місця країни в світовій економічній системі та інтеграції Чилі в світову економіку. Останнім часом політичне співробітництво між Україною та Чилі доповнюється економічним. Обидві країни зацікавленні в співпраці в різних сферах економічної діяльності. Метою статті є дослідження перспектив розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі Чилі, а так само визначення ефективності українсько-чілійського економічного співробітництва.У дослідженні визначено перспективи розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі Чилі та перспективи українсько-чилійських економічних відносин. Автор пропонує шляхи розвитку українсько-чилійських економічних відносин

Twenty five years after the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the reemergence of the Central Asian Republics as independent States, this region continues to be the scene of rivalries amongst the big powers (Russia, China, the European Union, USA, India, Japan, Turkey and Iran) competing in a sort of a "new Grand Game" to increase their geopolitical and economic influence in the region. Its geography, diverse and rich natural resources, like oil and gas, explain the ongoing hidden rivalries. Despite its common historical and cultural past, Central Asia constitutes a heterogeneous region with a multiethnic and multi-linguistic composition and a low degree of physical, economic and trade integration. The lack of mutual trust, the persisting tension over borders and the use and sharing of natural resources, as well as different levels of economic performance have so far jeopardized the development of genuine regional cooperation. Against this background, the idea behind the Chinese OBOR Initiative to develop rapid transportation, if well implemented, could theoretically, by improving interregional connectivity, develop the Central Asia regional market and foster intergovernmental cooperation and people-to-people contacts within the region. In this context, could we expect that the ambitious Chinese OBOR Initiative will boost geopolitical stability and promote shared economic and trade benefits in Central Asia? What are the conditions for that need to be fulfilled?The author analyzes in depth certain crucial political, economic and institutional requirements for the successful implementation of the OBOR Strategy and concludes, however, that three years after the launching of this crucial instrument of the Chinese "globalization without democracy" model, its implementation faces major problems and thus raises more doubts than certainties.

Urgency of the research. Ukraine's European choice opens new prospects for cooperation with the continent's developed countries, provides opportunities for economic development, and strengthens Ukraine's positions within the global system of international relations. Nevertheless, the current state of relations between Ukraine and the European Union is an issue that needs to be given serious consideration. Target setting. Recently there has been a decline in economic development in Ukraine. The economic base is the key to raising living standards in the country and implementing democratic reforms. The introduction of political, social, economic reforms requires investments. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Some questions of internal mechanisms effectiveness of Ukraine's cooperation with international financial institutions, the nature of international financial assistance are highlighted in the writings of R. Voytovych, L. Kisterskyi, Yu. Kovbasiuk, O. Kravchun, A. Lozovytskyi, K. Ploskyi. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze implementation of major investment projects funded with the assistance of the international financial institutions, to determine the causes of low utilization of international technical assistance. The statement of basic materials. Analysis of financial revenues from international financial organizations and their use indicates a low degree of the investment process control by the Ukrainian authorities. As of 09.11.2016 in Ukraine about 50 programs for €4.9 billion and $3.1 billion are being implemented by the international financial institutions, there are more than two hundred projects of free international aid for $5.1 billion, 39 projects among them are major. Conclusions. Analysis of international technical assistance volume in recent years indicates that there is no tendency, that means the instability of the process, which in turn indicates a crisis situation.

Охарактеризовано історичні особливості формування моделі національної екологічної політики України, що розглядається як інтегрований чинник соціально-економічного розвитку країни з урахуванням екологічного імперативу для забезпечення переходу до сталого розвитку. Досліджено стратегічну та міжнародну складові екологічної політики України. Розглянуто її основні цілі та принципи, а також трансформацію у контексті європейської інтеграції. Проаналізовано сучасний стан та перспективи співробітництва України та Європейського Союзу в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища, метою якого є створення загальноєвропейського екологічного простору. Вказано основні здобутки, проблеми та перспективи екологічної євроінтеграції України.Ключові слова: екологічна політика, європейська інтеграція, екологічне управління, сталий розвиток, співробітництво в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища.The article describes the historical peculiarities of the formation of Ukraine's national environmental policy model. This policy is considered as an integrated factor of socio-economic development based on ecological imperative in order to ensure the transition to sustainable development. The Strategic and International components ofUkraine's Environmental Policy are investigated. The main Policy objectives and principles as well as the Poliy transformation in the context of European integration are considered. The article also analyzes the current state and prospects of cooperation betweenUkraineand the European Union in the field of environmental protection, which is aimed to create a pan-European ecological space. The main achievements, problems and prospects of the European ecological integration ofUkraineare indicated.Ukrainehas to adopt an integrated approach towards the implementation of the environmental commitments as summed in the framework of bilateral relations with the European Union. It is necessary to take into account the positive experience of implementation of reforms in the field of environmental protection at the EU level.Key words: environmental policy, European integration, environmental management, sustainable development, cooperation in the field of environmental protection.

После распада Советского Союза Монголия стала независимым государством со своей внешней политикой. Концепция внешней политики Монголии стала отражением реалий современной геополитики, в основе которой лежит принцип многоопорности. Помимо традиционных партнеров Монголии, таких как Россия и КНР, современный мир предлагает широкий круг политического и экономического партнерства. Олицетворением такой возможности стала политика так называемого третьего соседа: отношения с развитыми государствами, способными оказать как экономическую, так и политическую помощь и содействие Монголии в условиях сильного давления традиционных партнеров или серьезного дисбаланса их партнерства. На основе анализа статистического материала и внешнеполитических векторов Монголии авторы определяют долю экономического участия стран-партнеров в экономике Монголии, характер заключенных внешнеполитических соглашений и намерений. ; The article is devoted to cooperation in the East Asian Mongolian contact zone. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia became an independent state with its own foreign policy. In the multipolar world, the strategic importance of Mongolia, control over its economic, traffic flows are essential for geopolitics of East Asia. The concept of Mongolia's foreign policy reflects the realities of modern geopolitics, basing on the principle of multisupport. In addition to traditional Mongolian partners, such as Russia and China, the modern world offers a wide range of political and economic partnership. This possibility manifests itself in a policy of so-called third neighbor, connected with relations with the developed countries that can provide both economic and political assistance and cooperation with Mongolia in the situation of strong pressure of the traditional partners or a serious imbalance of their partnership. Basing on the analysis of statistical data and the foreign policy vectors of Mongolia, the authors try to determine the proportion of participation of its economic partners in the Mongolian economy, and the nature of the foreign policy intentions and agreements.

Purpose. Influence of the administrative-territorial reform, initialized by the government of Ukraine in 2015, on the social-economic development of the country, plans of territorial development, and residential housing has been studied insufficiently, and needs in-depth analysis and specification. There is a need for further study of the influence of administrative-territorial reform on transformation of living of an individual citizen, and of the society as a whole, particularly on changes of the residential construction structure, application of energy-efficient technologies in housing construction, and та investment attractiveness of the united communities' territories. Methodology. The proposed algorithm of study of the influence of administrative-territorial reform on changes to society and development of low-rise energy-efficient residential housing is based on determination of cooperation between certain internal and geopolitical processes, and replication of changes alike in other countries of the world. Findings. It is determined that implementation of the administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine has significant impact on improvement of socialeconomic relationships, development of the united communities' territories, structure and quality characteristics of low-rise housing. The administrative-territorial reform also has great impact on migration and demographics of the Ukrainian society. According to the study results, state and local authorities, scientific environment, business structures, local and foreign investors, and Ukrainian citizens as subjects of the administrative-territorial reform, are acquire quality components for organizing their own plans of participation in the transformation processes of the country. Originality. The improvement of studying the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on social changes and Ukrainian citizens' quality of life by studying of cooperation between certain local and geopolitical processes and replication of changes alike in other countries of ...

Purpose. Influence of the administrative-territorial reform, initialized by the government of Ukraine in 2015, on the social-economic development of the country, plans of territorial development, and residential housing has been studied insufficiently, and needs in-depth analysis and specification. There is a need for further study of the influence of administrative-territorial reform on transformation of living of an individual citizen, and of the society as a whole, particularly on changes of the residential construction structure, application of energy-efficient technologies in housing construction, and та investment attractiveness of the united communities' territories. Methodology. The proposed algorithm of study of the influence of administrative-territorial reform on changes to society and development of low-rise energy-efficient residential housing is based on determination of cooperation between certain internal and geopolitical processes, and replication of changes alike in other countries of the world. Findings. It is determined that implementation of the administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine has significant impact on improvement of socialeconomic relationships, development of the united communities' territories, structure and quality characteristics of low-rise housing. The administrative-territorial reform also has great impact on migration and demographics of the Ukrainian society. According to the study results, state and local authorities, scientific environment, business structures, local and foreign investors, and Ukrainian citizens as subjects of the administrative-territorial reform, are acquire quality components for organizing their own plans of participation in the transformation processes of the country. Originality. The improvement of studying the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on social changes and Ukrainian citizens' quality of life by studying of cooperation between certain local and geopolitical processes and replication of changes alike in other countries of ...