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This volume deals with the so-called new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and their interrelationship with Muslims and the interpretation of Islam. This volume taps into what has been labelled Media Studies 2.0, which has been characterized by an intensified focus on everyday meanings and 'lay' users - in contrast to earlier emphases on experts or self-acclaimed experts. This lay adoption of ICT and the subsequent digital 'literacy' is not least noticeable among Muslim communities. According to some global estimates, one in ten internet users is a Muslim. This volume offers an ethnography of ICT in Muslim communities. The contributors to this volume also demonstrate a new kind of moderation with regard to more sweeping and avant-gardistic claims, which have characterized the study of ICT previously. This moderation has been combined with a keen attention to the empirical material but also deliberations on new quantitative and qualitative approaches to ICT, Muslims and Islam, for instance the digital challenges and changes wrought on the Qur'an, Islam's sacred scripture. As such this volume will also be relevant for people interested in the study of ICT and the blooming field of digital humanities. Scholars of Islam and the Islamic world have always be engaged and entangled in their object of study. The developments within ICT have also affected how scholars take part in and influence public Islamic and academic discussions. This complicated issue provides basis for a number of meta-reflexive studies in this volume. It will be essential for students and scholars within Islamic studies but will also be of interest for anthropologists, sociologists and others with a humanistic interest in ICT, religion and Islam

Eine Kurz-Analyse der neuen Regeln 2008 für die Online-Aktivitäten der Öffentlich-Rechtlichen. Die Ministerpräsidenten begrenzen die öffentlich-rechtlichen Aktivitäten im Internet auch bei Bildung und Wissenschaft ausgerechnet dort, wo die großen gesellschaftlichen Potenziale des Netzes liegen.

Мета роботи: В епоху цифрової трансформації компанії все частіше використовують соціальні медіа для покращення динаміки бізнесу. Це дослідження вивчає сприйняття працівників покоління Z щодо інтеграції соціальних медіа-платформ на робочому місці. та поведінкових намірів на поведінку використання, а також сприйнятого ризику на фінансовий ризик, ризик продуктивності та ризик для приватності. Дизайн / Метод / Підхід дослідження: Кількісний підхід, реалізований шляхом проведення комплексного онлайн-опитування за участю 152 фахівців. Результати дослідження: Результати показують, що працівники покоління Z вважають контакт з громадськістю найбільш значущою перевагою соціальних мереж, за якою слідує потенціал швидкої та ефективної комунікації зі споживачами, в той час як широкий доступ до інформації має відносно невелике значення. Серед негативних аспектів називають посилення конкуренції в певних галузях, більшу залежність від інтернету та надлишок реклами. Респонденти також визначили основні цілі компаній, пов'язані з впровадженням соціальних медіа, підкресливши важливість популяризації компанії та бренду, розширення клієнтської бази, сприяння зростанню бізнесу та покращення робочих відносин. Теоретична цінність дослідження: До негативних аспектів можна віднести посилення конкуренції в певних секторах, зростання залежності від інтернету та надмірної реклами. Практична цінність дослідження: Респонденти також визначили основні цілі компаній, пов'язані з впровадженням соціальних медіа, підкресливши важливість популяризації компанії та бренду, розширення клієнтської бази, сприяння зростанню бізнесу та покращення трудових відносин. Оригінальність / Цінність дослідження: Новий підхід до покоління Z щодо сприйняття працівниками використання соціальних мереж на робочому місці. Обмеження дослідження / Майбутні дослідження: Більша вибірка була б репрезентативною для Португалії, що дійсно важливо. Тип статті: Емпіричний JEL Classification: F61, F66, M14

Does online fundraising increase charitable giving? Using the Facebook advertising tool, we implemented a natural field experiment across Germany, randomly assigning almost 8,000 postal codes to Save the Children fundraising videos or to a pure control. We studied changes in the donation revenue and frequency for Save the Children and other charities by postal code. Our georandomized design circumvented many difficulties inherent in studies based on click-through data, especially substitution and measurement issues. We found that (i) video fundraising increased donation revenue and frequency to Save the Children during the campaign and in the subsequent five weeks; (ii) the campaign was profitable for the fundraiser; and (iii) the effects were similar independent of video content and impression assignment strategy. However, we also found some crowding out of donations to other similar charities or projects. Finally, we demonstrated that click data may be an inappropriate proxy for donations and recommend that managers use careful experimental designs that can plausibly evaluate the effects of advertising on relevant outcomes. Appendix: s. https://bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2024/ii20-302r2_appendix.pdf

Legacy media outlets, especially newspapers, have confronted significant challenges this century due to the shift of advertising revenues to digital platforms like Facebook and Google. Major events like the Global Financial Crisis (2007-2009) and Covid-19 pandemic intensified the financial strain, resulting in further downsizing and newsroom closures. Despite these difficulties, digital-native journalism has experienced widespread growth globally. This article explores funding models of selected digital-native journalism in Australia, drawing on platform dependency theory to address questions of what role digital technology platforms and nascent regulation have played in shaping the state of digital-native journalism in Australia. Australia's concentrated media ownership landscape and its introduction of the world-first News Media Bargaining Code (NMBC), provide a unique backdrop to examine the economic and regulatory environment that impacts Australia's digital-native journalism. Using a case-study approach, the research explores seven diverse digital-native news outlets over six years across three time periods: several years after the Global Financial Crisis (2017), just prior to the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-), and after the introduction of the NMBC (2023). Expert interviews provide insights into the role of digital platforms in shaping digital-only media. The digital native fail rate in this study is high (>40%). But we also find that of those that endure, the most successful placed a premium on building a distinctive brand (often through specialized reporting), adopting a diversified (hybrid) funding model, and growing audience share through trust. Most benefited from regulation in the form of the NMBC to increase newsroom resources, yet were also cautious of platform dependency.

Where does innovation in journalism come from, how is it implemented, and what factors drive or hinder its development? Scholars have explored these questions from different perspectives for over two decades. Our research holistically considers the broader factors that influence the development of journalistic innovation at the macro, meso, and micro levels, and whether it is internally or externally driven. In a three-year international research project, we have unpacked innovation with this multidimensional approach, looking at the most important innovations in journalism in Austria, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK. Our study focuses on the mutual interplay between journalists, media organizations, and society. We investigated 100 case studies with 137 guided interviews with senior managers or project leaders. The results show that the focus of supporting and obstructive factors is internal and on the meso level and that many parallels exist between media systems. Internal factors are the intrinsic motivation of individuals, which need the support of open-minded management, allowing a culture of experimentation without economic pressure and assembling interdisciplinary teams. Across countries and independent of the respective media system, three external key drivers of innovation in journalism can be identified: technology, societal change, and change in the digital media universe. The study confirms once again as if through a magnifying glass that journalism is primarily a public service, especially for those innovations that strengthen the role of journalism in a democratic society.

In this article, I approach some phenomena seen predominantly on social-media sites that are grouped together as cancel culture with guidance from two major themes in Plato's thought. In the first section, I argue that shame can play a constructive and valuable role in a person's improvement, just as we see Socrates throughout Plato's dialogues use shame to help his interlocutors improve. This insight can help us understand the value of shaming people online for, among other things, their morally reprehensible views. In the second section, I argue that it is required for the proper functioning of democratic institutions that some views be excluded from the public sphere, which follows some Platonic ideas from the Laws. In neither case do I argue that this approach is good in an unqualified sense or even ultima facie good. However, I maintain that these important insights from Plato's dialogues illuminate crucial aspects of how we should think about cancel culture.

Atmosphären sind überall: am Arbeitsplatz, im Fußballstadion, vor dem knisternden Kaminfeuer. Sie prägen unsere Alltagssprache und sind ganz selbstverständlich gewordener Ausdruck dessen, wie wir uns in bestimmten Umgebungen befinden und wie wir diese empfinden. Ihr Einfluss ist weitreichend: Ästhetische Atmosphären sind eng verbunden mit einer gegenwärtigen erlebnisorientierten Geschichtskultur, deren Produkte und Praktiken behaupten, einen unmittelbaren Kontakt mit der Vergangenheit herzustellen. Mit den 'Vergangenheitsatmosphären' bietet der Autor erstmals einen Begriff an, um dieses Streben nach Unmittelbarkeit adäquat beschreiben zu können. Anhand tiefgehender Analysen der Digitalen Spiele "Anno 1800" (2019), "Assassin's Creed Syndicate" (2015) und "Dishonored: Die Maske des Zorns" (2012) wird der Begriff konturiert und die Produktivität einer an Theorien und Methoden der Public History, Game Studies und Phänomenologie geschulten Atmosphärenforschung unter Beweis gestellt.

Der anhaltenden Diversifizierung des Superheld*innen-Genres in Film und TV geht eine Umbruchsphase voraus, in deren Fokus eine kritische Neuverhandlung von Männlichkeit(en) steht. Der Autor nähert sich diesem Umbruch aus einer gender- und medienkulturwissenschaftlichen Perspektive, die filmische Männlichkeit als Resultat medienästhetischer Prozesse begreift. Er interpretiert Marvels "Infinity Saga" als Geschichte von Vätern und Söhnen, die im symbolischen Tod des Patriarchats aufgeht. Im Fokus der Betrachtung steht der Film Iron Man und dessen Konstruktion als filmhistorisches Museum der Männlichkeiten, das sich aus der Geschichte Hollywoods speist.

Building on the growing concerns around hate speech and harmful content on social media, this chapter analyzes the processes by which content is moderated on leading social media platforms. The outsourcing practices of platform operators or social media companies to acquire content moderation services from third-party companies have been acknowledged in the public discourse. Details regarding these outsourcing relationships and power mechanisms remain obfuscated, however. Using empirical data from India, this chapter presents a global value chain perspective on the mechanisms by which US-based social media monopolies source content moderation services from Indian information technology business process outsourcing (IT BPO) supplier companies. The agreements established between the two parties direct the content moderation labor process through which Indian workers' labor power is transformed into productive labor.

The emergence of social networking sites offers protest movements new ways to mobilize for action and draw attention to their issues. However, relying on social media also creates challenges, as social media follow their own principles. If protest movements want to be visible in news feeds, they have to adapt to so-called social media logic, as originally postulated in mediatization research. The principles of social media have been conceptualized. However, there is a lack of empirical research on how political actors perceive and orient to this logic, how they learn about it, and the consequences for mobilization (i.e., communicating protest issues as well as taking protest action). As protest movements are an integral part of modern democracies, use social media somewhat intensively, and usually build on a fluid network structure that allows us to examine adaptation processes in greater detail, they are particularly suitable for addressing these questions. Semi-structured interviews with activists organizing protest actions or managing social media accounts from 29 movement organizations in Germany (N = 33) revealed that protest movements have internalized social media logic and paid attention to not only the design but also the timing of posts to suit algorithms. The protest organizations generally built on their experience with social media. The degree to which they followed these principles was based on available resources. Limits of this adaptation arose, for example, if sensitive or negative content rarely produced likes or, increasingly, personalization evoked a presumed hierarchy within the movements.

This research examined the influence of pop-up news headlines on the readership of the stories that they introduce among youths in Owerri metropolis. The objectives were to, among others, examine whether pop-up news headlines influence the readership of the stories among youths in Owerri metropolis, and identify what factor that is most responsible for determining the influence of pop-up news headlines on the readership of the stories among youths in Owerri metropolis. The uses and gratification theory was used to anchor the study, and the survey design was adopted. Data were gathered from 380 young users of internet-enabled devices in the Owerri metropolis. Findings indicate that pop-up news headlines are a common feature in online news distribution, as 100% of the respondents admitted to having seen pop-up news headlines on their internet-enabled devices; while pop-up news headlines influence readership of the stories among a majority (53%) of the young people, the said influence is limited as a result of several factors. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, among others, news organisations can increase the influence of the popup news headlines by introducing cash or point tokens for those who read the stories.

Does online fundraising increase charitable giving? Using the Facebook advertising tool, we implemented a natural field experiment across Germany, randomly assigning almost 8,000 postal codes to Save the Children fundraising videos or to a pure control. We studied changes in the volume and frequency of donations to Save the Children and other charities by postal code. Our design circumvents many shortcomings inherent in studies based on click-through data, especially substitution and measurement issues. We found that (i) video fundraising increased donation frequency and value to Save the Children during the campaign and in the subsequent five weeks; (ii) the campaign was profitable for the fundraiser; and (iii) the effects were similar independent of video content and impression assignment strategy. However, we also found non-negligible crowding out of donations to other similar charities or projects. Finally, we demonstrated that click data are an inappropriate proxy for donations and recommend that managers use careful experimental designs that can plausibly evaluate the effects of advertising on relevant outcomes.