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Examines the Berlin crisis, the beginning of the Cold War, and the building of the Berlin Wall; Soviet position and new information made available with the opening of records from the former East Germany.

Examines US-led economic sanctions, assesses their effectiveness, and considers under what conditions they should be applied and the kinds of sanctions which are most successful; since 1914, focusing on post-cold war sanctions.

Addresses questions regarding the role of internal security agencies following the removal of their Cold War rationales. Suggests that in Australia, the security function-intelligence collection and analysis-has become comprehensively merged with domestic policing.

View that a radical structural change is needed to finance the many new tasks thrust upon the UN following the cold war. Adapted from the book, "Denken und handeln in globaler verantwortung: Helmut Schmidt zum fünfundsiebzigsten, 1993."

Outlook for defense industries and industrial and security policy after the cold war and in light of international economic crisis; Western Europe and North America; 5 articles. Topics include high technology industries and military cooperation.

Examines Venezuela's foreign policy orientations in the post-cold war era; some focus on role within the Group of Three, a regional alliance composed of Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, and within other regional cooperative arrangements.

An overview of Norberto Bobbio's political evolution. From his youth under the Fascist regime to his involvement with the Partito d'Azione, and, later, the Socialist Party. The article tracks also the development of his thought on socialism.

Using newly declassified documents from Serbian, British, Indian, Chinese, Myanmar, U.S., and Soviet archives, this book shows how the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) gradually evolved into the third force of Cold War politics, enveloping most of the post-colonial and non-bloc world. Jovan Cavoški follows the evolution of the NAM through its summits and other gatherings, during which major political decisions pertaining to the destiny of the Third World were made. These events were scrutinized by all major powers and had a corresponding effect on their policies. From the Belgrade Conference in 1961 until 1989, all major Third World and non-bloc nations met to demonstrate to the Eastern and Western Blocs that they were independent, active and respected participants in world affairs. Cavoški shows how these summits were also closely related to events occurring in the relationship between the two blocs, providing opportunities for non-bloc actors to influence the global balance of power. By moving the focus of 20th-century international history away from the bloc nations, and instead giving developing nations in Africa and Asia due attention, this book provides a fresh perspective on Cold War history and fills a significant gap in the literature. It is an important study for all students and scholars of the Cold War and international history.

A large and widening gap has opened up between Western democracies' international ambitions and their domestic political capacity to support these objectives. Drawing on an array of cross-national data on Western governments, parties, and voters, Geopolitics and Democracy traces this ends-means divide back to decisions that Western governments made after the Cold War. The key decisions were to globalize markets and pool sovereignty at the supranational level, while at the same time reducing social protections and guarantees at home. This combination of foreign and domestic policies succeeded in expanding the Western liberal order in the quarter century after the Cold War, but at the cost of mounting public discontent and political fragmentation within the advanced industrial economies. The analysis reveals the large extent to which domestic support for international engagement during the long East-West geopolitical contest had rested on social protections within the Western democracies. At a time when problems of great power rivalry, spheres of influence, and reactionary nationalism have returned, Geopolitics and Democracy reminds us that the liberal order rose in an age of social democracy as well as Cold War. In the absence of a renewed commitment to those social purposes, Western democracies will struggle to find a collective grand strategy that their domestic publics will support.

Despite repeated warnings from the White House, Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world. Why did Putin start the war - and why has it unfolded in previously unimaginable ways? Ukrainians have resisted a superior military; the West has united, while Russia grows increasingly isolated. Serhii Plokhy, a leading historian of Ukraine and the Cold War, offers a definitive account of this conflict, its origins, course, and the already apparent and possible future consequences. Though the current war began eight years before the all-out assault - on February 27, 2014, when Russian armed forces seized the building of the Crimean parliament - the roots of this conflict can be traced back even earlier, to post-Soviet tensions and imperial collapse in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Providing a broad historical context and an examination of Ukraine and Russia's ideas and cultures, as well as domestic and international politics, Plokhy reveals that while this new Cold War was not inevitable, it was predictable. Ukraine, Plokhy argues, has remained central to Russia's idea of itself even as Ukrainians have followed a radically different path. In a new international environment defined by the proliferation of nuclear weapons, the disintegration of the post-Cold War international order, and a resurgence of populist nationalism, Ukraine is now more than ever the most volatile fault line between authoritarianism and democratic Europe.

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- The Narratives in Transitions -- Introduction -- References -- Three Transitions in Turkey's Foreign Policy -- The Pursuit of Nation-ness -- Pan-Islamism -- Kemalism and Its Disjuntures -- Conclusion -- References -- Ottoman-Asia Relations: A Study of the Ottoman and Mughal Relations -- Introduction -- Effect/Role of Caliphate on the Ottomans' Relations with Asian Powers -- Ottoman-Atche Sultanate Relations -- Ottoman-China Relations -- Ottoman Relations with South Indian Rulers -- The Dynastic Competition Between the Ottomans and Mughals -- Role of Safavid and Uzbeks in the Ottoman-Mughal Relations -- Ottoman-Mughal Relations -- Conclusion -- References -- A Post-Cold War Era Context of Turkey's Asia Relations -- Pre-Cold War -- The Cold War -- Pakistan-Turkey -- Bangladesh-Turkey Relations -- Conclusion -- Primary Sources -- Turkey's Foreign Policy in Asian Media Opinions -- Bangladesh -- India -- China -- Pakistan -- Conclusion -- References -- Strategic Diversification -- Turkey's Relationship with Afghanistan and the Pakistan Factor: An Examination of Historical and Geopolitical Factors -- Historical Background -- Turkey's Engagement in Afghanistan's Since 9/11 -- Turkey's Engagement with the Taliban and Pakistan -- Conclusion -- References -- Turkish-Asian Cooperation in Diversified Strategic Environment -- Introduction -- Asia-Conceptual Ambiguity -- Belatedness -- Limitedness/Constraints -- Awareness -- Comprehensiveness -- Security and Defence Cooperation -- Conclusion -- References -- Turkey's Policy Towards Crisis Regions in Asia After 2002 -- Introduction -- Turkish Foreign Policy Since 2002 -- Kashmir: Status Quo Oriented Approach -- Turkey's Uyghur Dilemma: Solidarity Versus Pragmatism -- The Rohingya Crisis: A Protectionist Approach.

Western democracy is currently under attack by a resurgent Russia, weaponizing new technologies and social media. How to respond? During the Cold War, the West fought off similar Soviet propaganda assaults with shortwave radio broadcasts. Founded in 1949, the US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty broadcast uncensored information to the Soviet republics in their own languages. About one-third of Soviet urban adults listened to Western radio. The broadcasts played a key role in ending the Cold War and eroding the communist empire.

R. Eugene Parta was for many years the director of Soviet Area Audience Research at RFE/RL, charged among others with gathering listener feedback. In this book he relates a remarkable Cold War operation to assess the impact of Western radio broadcasts on Soviet listeners by using a novel survey research approach. Given the impossibility of interviewing Soviet citizens in their own country, it pioneered audacious interview methods in order to fly under the radar and talk to Soviets traveling abroad, ultimately creating a database of 51,000 interviews which offered unparalleled insights into the media habits and mindset of the Soviet public. By recounting how the "impossible" mission was carried out, Under the Radar also shows how the lessons of the past can help counter the threat from a once and current adversary.

Introduction / Bradley Lynn Coleman and Kyle Longley -- Part I. Ronald Reagan and the national security establishment -- Ronald Reagan's engagement and the Cold War / James Graham Wilson -- A question of morality: Ronald Reagan and nuclear weapons / Beth A. Fischer -- Beyond Cap the foil: Weinberger and the Reagan-era defense buildup / Ronald J. Granieri -- Transformative leadership on Capitol Hill: the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act / James R. Locher III -- Part II. The Soviet Union and Europe -- Gorbachev, Perestroika, and the end of the Cold War / Archie Brown -- For better and for worse: Ronald Reagan's relationship with Margaret Thatcher, 1981-1983 / James Cooper -- The sense of history: Ronald Reagan and François Mitterrand / William I. Hitchcock -- Navigating choppy waters: US-German relations during the last decade of the Cold War / David F. Patton -- Part III. Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East -- Ronald Reagan and the puzzles of "so-called Communist China" and Vietnam / Michael Schaller -- An obsession: the Central American policy of the Reagan Administration / Kyle Longley -- Toward an ecological frontier: environmental policy, economic development, and US-Mexican relations during the Reagan presidency / Evan R. Ward -- Stranger in a dangerous land: Reagan and Lebanon, 1981-1984 / Charles F. Brower IV -- Researching Reagan: a guide for scholars of national security policy during the Ronald Reagan presidency / Ryan Carpenter

"The role of democracy promotion in US foreign policy has increased considerably in the last three decades, booming especially in the immediate years after the end of the Cold War. The rise of democracy promotion originated in a long historical tradition that saw exporting American political values as instrumental in securing US security and economic interests, an idea which was expressed freely once Cold War strategic constraints disappeared. Under Bill Clinton, there was an explicit attempt to do so by reframing American strategy in terms of 'democratic enlargement' and this book assesses the strategic use of democracy promotion in US foreign policy and its different outcomes during his presidency. Offering a comprehensive, global review of American democracy engagement with different regions of the world and key countries during a whole presidency, this book assesses how far the US has benefited from democracy promotion. It evaluates the instrumental value of democracy promotion for America by seeing whether the Clinton administration's efforts in this field, and their varying impacts to democratization abroad, were matched by progress in securing US strategic goals defined under enlargement, in particular reducing international conflicts and spreading economic liberalization around the world. The book explores how democracy became central to US post-Cold War strategy, how the Clinton administration developed the concept of democratic enlargement and tried to implement it, and why it remained influential on foreign policy throughout Clinton's presidency"--