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The article outlines the need for the allocation of deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTA) as an independent object of study. Disclosure is necessary to estimate the mortality due to accidents and based global problem under consideration. An assessment of current trends in mortality in Russia because of the accident. Conclusions about the effectiveness of government policy in the field of road safety are formulated. ; В статье охарактеризована необходимость выделение смертности из-за дорожно-транспортных происшествий (ДТП) в качестве самостоятельного объекта исследования. Раскрыта необходимость оценки смертности из-за ДТП и обоснована глобальность рассматриваемой проблемы. Проведена оценка существующих тенденций в смертности населения России из-за ДТП. Сформулированы выводы об эффективности проводимой государственной политики в области безопасности дорожного движения.

Amid its confrontation with the West, Moscow faces the pressing need to reexamine its approach to alliance-building. Currently Moscow has to foster low-profile countersanction alignments. Meanwhile, the prospect of an armed clash with the United States and NATO makes one think about alliances that would strengthen Russia's conventional deterrence. Formalizing defense commitments with China becomes an important prerequisite for addressing the increasingly reckless Western coercion. The traditional counterarguments against a Russia-China alliance appear obsolete now that the U.S. directly designates Russia and China as adversaries, openly expands its military presence at their borders, gears up military buildup, and mobilizes its allies. For Russia, an alliance with China would diminish reliance on the threat of nuclear retaliation and increase flexibility of its deterrence posture.

AbstractRisk assessors and managers face many difficult challenges related to novel cyber systems. Among these challenges are the constantly changing nature of cyber systems caused by technical advances, their distribution across the physical, information, and sociocognitive domains, and the complex network structures often including thousands of nodes. Here, we review probabilistic and risk‐based decision‐making techniques applied to cyber systems and conclude that existing approaches typically do not address all components of the risk assessment triplet (threat, vulnerability, consequence) and lack the ability to integrate across multiple domains of cyber systems to provide guidance for enhancing cybersecurity. We present a decision‐analysis‐based approach that quantifies threat, vulnerability, and consequences through a set of criteria designed to assess the overall utility of cybersecurity management alternatives. The proposed framework bridges the gap between risk assessment and risk management, allowing an analyst to ensure a structured and transparent process of selecting risk management alternatives. The use of this technique is illustrated for a hypothetical, but realistic, case study exemplifying the process of evaluating and ranking five cybersecurity enhancement strategies. The approach presented does not necessarily eliminate biases and subjectivity necessary for selecting countermeasures, but provides justifiable methods for selecting risk management actions consistent with stakeholder and decisionmaker values and technical data.

Democracies are based on political parties and election systems allowing voters to put the confidence in representers of these political parties to defend their interests. There are many studies analyzing the results of elections with the goal of (1) explaining the results, and (2) trying to predict what will happens in future elections. However no many attention has received the abstention, why voters do not use their right to elect representers? Commonly, abstention has not been too significant, however in last years it has been increased in many countries and it could be of great interest to analyze the causes. Studies about elections, both voting and abstention, are commonly based on statistical methods. The current paper is focused on analyzing the abstention based on symbolic learning methods (decision trees). Particularly, we are interested on identifying the groups of potential voters that have decided to abstain. We worked on data of the elections to Catalan Parliament held in 2015. ; This research is funded by the project RPREF (CSIC Intramural 201650E044); and the grant 2014-SGR-118 from the Generalitat de Catalunya.