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Infant births (N = 112,300) & deaths (N = 1,111) in NM are reported for Anglo, Asian, black, Hispanic (ie, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, & Cubans), & Indian legitimate births. The manner in which ethnicity is currently defined is described as it is constructed from information produced by attending physicians, funeral directors, relatives, & others. An attempt is made to explain inconsistencies in ethnic code between birth & death records in these data, which included, but did not necessarily consider, both maternal & paternal ethnicity. It is shown that different ethnic classification schemes produce different rates; thus, infant mortality is partly an artifact of the data as opposed to being strictly characterisic of the ethnic group. It is recommended that the current coding system, based on biological & paternal records, be changed to a system of coding by mother's ethnicity. 3 Tables, 13 References. C. Grindle

ABSTRACTSome vendors offer their products to a purchaser in various container sizes. Normally, vendors will offer larger all‐units discounts on larger container sizes. Two algorithms have been developed in this paper to solve for the optimal number of each container size and the order quantity for the deterministic economic order quantity (EOQ) situation. The first algorithm, based in part on the dynamic programming solution to knapsack problems, solves the general case. The second algorithm, based in part on the dominance relations inherent in the pricing schedule, solves the more restricted case in which the purchaser is forced to accept the discount in the following manner. An order must be filled with containers of successively smaller sizes, beginning with the largest size. The purchaser is forced to accept the largest discount first, then the next largest, and so on.

This passage was written on 27 March 1945 by Major Andrew Gilchrist, a Foreign Office official serving with the Special Operations Executive in Thailand. It neatly demonstrates the manner in which the wartime debate within and between the various Allied bureaucracies responsible for Thailand's post war status appeared to be dominated by the circumstances of Thailand's rapid capitulation to Japan in December 1941. Subsequently, diametrically opposed interpretations of these unhappy events were employed both by Britain to legitimize her wartime plans to re-establish a degree of control over Thailand, and also by the United States to justify her attempts to thwart perceived British aggrandizement in Southeast Asia. Yet despite the clear importance of the events of 1941 for Thailand's relations with the Allies, her place in the outbreak of the Pacific War is not yet fully understood.

This article describes a study of the receptivity to and the feasibility of a patient education service for patients of private practice, primary care physicians. A stratified (by medical specialty), random sample of 400 private practice, primary care physicians in the State of Maryland was selected from the State medical society roster. In addition, a random sample of 800 health care consumers was selected from a listing of residents in a five county area of Maryland. Questionnaires were developed, pilot tested, revised, and eventually mailed to the physician and consumer samples. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 140 physicians and from 314 consumers. Results indicated that both physicians and consumers were receptive to patient education in the private practice medical setting. Based upon the findings, recommendations are offered regarding the manner in which patient education in a private practice medical setting should be organized.

The composition of 3-man military teams was varied experimentally by assigning members according to team composition in terms of all possible combinations of levels of ability and motivation. The teams (64 in all) performed real military tasks in a military field setting and unit commanders ranked the effectiveness of their performance at the end of 2 months of military activity. It was found that both ability and motivation had an additive effect on crew performance, thus leading to the conclusion that when teams perform highly interdependent tasks, performance is apparently unlikely to be affected in a nonadditive manner by team composition. The data were analyzed with a new statistical procedure developed to substitute for the Friedman two-way analysis of variance, argued to be inappropriate for testing the significance of main effects and interactions in a blocked fractional factorial design.

Losses from computer fraud and abuse are likely to have been substantial, and they continue to pose enormous potential risk. Nevertheless, technological advances have equipped the white hats with numerous effective countermeasures. Their response has continued to be diffused, however, because corporate executives do not believe that a significant risk exists, auditors have been loath to accept responsibility, and law enforcement officers are often averse to change. The answers to the problem lie in management awareness and in the managers' role as moral pacesetters within their organizations. The audit profession, currently in the throes of cataclysmic change, will adapt to public expectations, and information will be freely exchanged by the computer-using law enforcement officers. Universities will research perpetrators' motivations, their modus operandi, and the manner in which they can be detected—with the assistance of computerized data bases.

The justifications scientists use when starting new journals often rely on "indigenous theories" which represent their particular cognitive communities. In an analysis of new journal editorials, this paper examines these indigenous theories, together with the images of scientific community they contain, and compares them with the images of science which exist in the sociological literature. As evidenced in the editorials, scientists share with sociologists a concern for the question of whether the manner in which science grows is prescriptive for, or creates obligations for, the community of researchers or instead, the community of researchers constitutes, or produces by conscious efforts, what comes to be accepted as authoritative in the particular scientific community. Douglas'grid/group model is used as an interpretive tool to map the two dimensions of concern in this question and suggests some differences between discipline groups and some changes over time.

Multiattribute modeling procedures were used to evaluate the flight performance of pilots who completed a simulator flight under 0 and 0.04% blood alcohol concentration (BAC) conditions. The flight involved VOR tracking, vectoring, traffic avoidance, and descent. Flight instructors' judgments were used to develop a multiattribute model of flight performance that permitted evaluation of the effects of alcohol on overall flight performance, as well as on task segment and performance aspect components of the flight. Alcohol was found to have a significant deleterious effect on overall pilot performance and on some of the task segments. The multiattribute modeling approach was found to be useful in providing a task analysis function that permitted alcohol effects to be evaluated in a manner that reflected pilot concentration on some aspects of the flight task at the expense of others.

"Die Lage auf dem japanischen Arbeitsmarkt ist von Widersprüchen gekennzeichnet. Nach dem Kriterium des Vermeidens von Massenarbeitslosigkeit hat Japan bisher alle Herausforderungen gemeistert. Dennoch erreicht die japanische Arbeitslosenquote ihren höchsten Wert seit der Nachkriegszeit, weil sich derzeit Strukturwandel und Exportkrise überlagern. Jenseits akuter Krisenerscheinungen erweist sich die Ausweitung des Dienstleistungsbereichs als Generalnenner für eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Einzeltrends wie die Zunahme von 'white collar', von Beschäftigung in Kleinbetrieben, von Frauenerwerbstätigkeit. Die Entwicklung im 'dualen System' des japanischen Arbeitsmarkts ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß sich flexible, unregelmäßige Beschäftigungsformen wie die befristete, die Teilzeit- und Leiharbeit ausbreiten, während die reguläre Beschäftigung stagniert oder sogar schrumpft. Der vollständige Zusammenbruch der legendären 'Anstellung auf Lebenszeit' ist jedoch noch nicht abzusehen. Die arbeitsrechtlichen Reformen der letzten Jahre, die umfangreichsten der Nachkriegszeit, zielen auf eine Regulierung flexibler Beschäftigung. Ihr Adressat sind die Problemgruppen des japanischen Arbeitsmarkts: Leiharbeitnehmer, Teilzeitbeschäftigte, ältere Arbeitnehmer, Frauen. Beabsichtigt ist eine Stabilisierung, in Grenzen sogar eine Verstetigung ihrer Erwerbssituation bei gleichzeitiger Aufrechterhaltung ihrer Disponibilität. Dafür ist das Gesetz zur 'chancengleichen Beschäftigung von Männern und Frauen' das beste Beispiel. Die Flexibilisierung des Einsatzes von Arbeitskräften ist in Japan mit einer Qualifikationsoffensive verbunden, die individuelle Bildungschancen stärken will. Ihr Leitbild ist die hochqualifizierte, multipel einsetzbare Arbeitskraft, dem unter Umständen auf Arbeitnehmerseite tatsächlich ein Bedürfnis nach mehr persönlicher Freiheit entspricht. Die sozialen Folgeprobleme der Flexibilisierung werden in Japan aber häufig zu unkritisch gesehen." (Autorenreferat)

"Die Lage auf dem japanischen Arbeitsmarkt ist von Widersprüchen gekennzeichnet. Nach dem Kriterium des Vermeidens von Massenarbeitslosigkeit hat Japan bisher alle Herausforderungen gemeistert. Dennoch erreicht die japanische Arbeitslosenquote ihren höchsten Wert seit der Nachkriegszeit, weil sich derzeit Strukturwandel und Exportkrise überlagern. Jenseits akuter Krisenerscheinungen erweist sich die Ausweitung des Dienstleistungsbereichs als Generalnenner für eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Einzeltrends wie die Zunahme von "white collar",Streeeeeeeeeeeber von Beschäftigung in Kleinbetrieben, von Frauenerwerbstätigkeit. Die Entwicklung im 'dualen System' des japanischen Arbeitsmarkts ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß sich flexible, unregelmäßige Beschäftigungsformen wie die befristete, die Teilzeit- und Leiharbeit ausbreiten, während die reguläre Beschäftigung stagniert oder sogar schrumpft. Der vollständige Zusammenbruch der legendären 'Anstellung auf Lebenszeit' ist jedoch noch nicht abzusehen. Die arbeitsrechtlichen Reformen der letzten Jahre, die umfangreichsten der Nachkriegszeit, zielen auf eine Regulierung flexibler Beschäftigung. Ihr Adressat sind die Problemgruppen des japanischen Arbeitsmarkts: Leiharbeitnehmer, Teilzeitbeschäftigte, ältere Arbeitnehmer, Frauen. Beabsichtigt ist eine Stabilisierung, in Grenzen sogar eine Verstetigung ihrer Erwerbssituation bei gleichzeitiger Aufrechterhaltung ihrer Disponibilität. Dafür ist das Gesetz zur 'chancengleichen Beschäftigung von Männern und Frauen' das beste Beispiel. Die Flexibilisierung des Einsatzes von Arbeitskräften ist in Japan mit einer Qualifikationsoffensive verbunden, die individuelle Bildungschancen stärken will. Ihr Leitbild ist die hochqualifizierte, multipel einsetzbare Arbeitskraft, dem unter Umständen auf Arbeitnehmerseite tatsächlich ein Bedürfnis nach mehr persönlicher Freiheit entspricht. Die sozialen Folgeprobleme der Flexibilisierung werden in Japan aber häufig zu unkritisch gesehen." (Autorenreferat)

ON TUESDAY OCTOBER 20, 1987, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL REPORTED THAT "THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE DIED." WITHIN AN HOUR OR SO AFTER ITS DEATH, THE MARKET WAS REBORN. THE MANNER OF ITS REBIRTH DEMONSTRATES THAT NO ONE, NOT EVEN AN AYN RAND DISCIPLE SUCH AS FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD CHAIRPERSON ALAN GREENSPAN, REALLY BELIEVES THAT MARKETS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO FUNCTION FREELY, WITHOUT INTERVENTION. BUT THE "CORRECTNESS" OF STATE INTERVENTION IN THIS CASE RAISES THE QUESTION OF WHY IT WOULD NOT BE CORRECT IN OTHER MARKETS. THE ANSWER IS THAT SIMILAR INTERVENTIONS ARE DESIRABLE. SOCIALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES SUCH AS THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME, THE COMPOSITION OF OUTPUT, ECOLOGICAL ISSUES, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION ARE DETERMINED IN THE MARKET. IN EACH CASE THEIR RESOLUTION SHOULD BE SUBJECTED TO A DEMOCRATIC EVALUATION, AND WHERE NECESSARY, A CORRECTIVE POLICY.

We examine the effects of individual political preferences and the distribution of such preferences on the social transmission of political information. Our data base combines a 1984 election survey of citizens in South Bend, Indiana with a subsequent survey of people with whom these citizens discuss politics. Several findings emerge from the effort. First, individuals do purposefully construct informational networks corresponding to their own political preferences, and they also selectively misperceive socially supplied political information. More important, both of these individual-level processes are shown to be conditioned by constraints imposed due to the distribution of political preferences in the social context. Thus, individual control over socially supplied political information is partial and incomplete. Finally, these information-transmitting processes interact with the social context in a manner that favors partisan majorities while undermining political minorities.

Abstract. Some prominent economists have argued that the structure of a nation's economic life – capitalist or socialist ‐ helps to shape its political institutions. Though its importance seems self‐evident, scholars have not yet integrated this idea into the literature of empirical democratic theory. Drawing on previous work, we formulate four propositions about the relationship between economic structure and political democracy. Economic structure does in fact mould political forms, but not in a simple, linear fashion. Rather, it does so in a more complex, non‐linear manner, a relationship we label the 'mixed‐economy' model. This relationship survives and flourishes in the face of extensive challenges. Its implication is simple: democratic political practice reaches a maximum under moderate amounts of public direction of economic affairs, but suffers at the extremes of both unfettered capitalism and socialism.

Experiments were conducted to determine the manner in which congenitally blind and sighted people remember verbal route descriptions. Subjects listened to route descriptions and were then required to perform either spatial or abstract/verbal sentence verifications before finger tracing those routes through a raised line matrix. Route tracing speed and accuracy revealed that for both congenitally blind and sighted subjects, spatial sentence verification interfered more with route memory, even though the spatial verifications were easier than the verbal/abstract verifications for both subject groups when performed alone. The finding indicates that both blind and sighted people transform verbal route descriptions into a spatial imagery form to guide finger tracing. If spatial information is remembered using an imagery strategy, then tactile maps may be better suited than verbal maps for conveying spatial information to blind travelers.